Marshall Protocol Knowledge Base

Th1 Spectrum Disorder

ron@undisclosed.example.com (ron) — Tue, 26 Aug 2025 10:17:57 +0000

01.13.2024		current
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	====== Th1 Spectrum Disorder ======		====== Th1 Spectrum Disorder ======

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	Epidemiological research may have its share of liabilities, but one contribution it has made is in demonstrating the strong connections between seemingly disparate diseases as evidenced by the number of patients who share diagnoses with two or more "unrelated" disease processes.		Epidemiological research may have its share of liabilities, but one contribution it has made is in demonstrating the strong connections between seemingly disparate diseases as evidenced by the number of patients who share diagnoses with two or more "unrelated" disease processes.

-	<nodisp>
	The following wheel shows how truly related chronic diseases are. Each "spoke" represents a published study which has demonstrated a significant statistical relationship between patients suffering from one disease and the next.		The following wheel shows how truly related chronic diseases are. Each "spoke" represents a published study which has demonstrated a significant statistical relationship between patients suffering from one disease and the next.

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	</html>		</html>
	The following paragraph contains links to all the studies alluded to in the above chart.		The following paragraph contains links to all the studies alluded to in the above chart.
-	</nodisp>

	Please note that some of the disease names in the following paragraph are links to articles discussing those diseases in further detail.		Please note that some of the disease names in the following paragraph are links to articles discussing those diseases in further detail.

Science behind vitamin D - [Failing to control for biases inherent to observational studies]

ron@undisclosed.example.com (ron) — Sun, 06 Aug 2023 22:15:03 +0000

09.14.2022		current
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	==== Failing to control for biases inherent to observational studies ====		==== Failing to control for biases inherent to observational studies ====

-	<mainrelatedarticles> [[.:vitamind:observational_bias\|Bias in observational epidemiological studies]], [[home:pathogenesis:vitamind:latitude\|Latitude studies]]</article>	+	<mainarticle> [[.:vitamind:observational_bias\|Bias in observational epidemiological studies]], [[home:pathogenesis:vitamind:latitude\|Latitude studies]]</article>

	{{section>:home:pathogenesis:vitamind:observational_bias#bias_in_observational_epidemiological_studies&noheader}}		{{section>:home:pathogenesis:vitamind:observational_bias#bias_in_observational_epidemiological_studies&noheader}}

Chronic Lyme disease - [Caused by multiple microbes]

ron@undisclosed.example.com (ron) — Tue, 13 Sep 2022 18:38:43 +0000

09.13.2022		current
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	<blockquote>Lyme disease is considered to be caused by //Borrelia// species of bacteria but slowly evidence is accumulating which suggests that Lyme disease is a far more complex condition than //Borreliosis// alone. This hypothesis suggests that it may be more appropriate to regard Lyme disease as a tick borne disease complex. Over recent years numerous different microbes have been found in ticks which are known to be zoonotic and can coinfect the human host. The hypothesis suggests that multiple coinfections are invariably present in the clinical syndromes associated with Lyme disease and it is suggested that these act synergistically in complex ways.		<blockquote>Lyme disease is considered to be caused by //Borrelia// species of bacteria but slowly evidence is accumulating which suggests that Lyme disease is a far more complex condition than //Borreliosis// alone. This hypothesis suggests that it may be more appropriate to regard Lyme disease as a tick borne disease complex. Over recent years numerous different microbes have been found in ticks which are known to be zoonotic and can coinfect the human host. The hypothesis suggests that multiple coinfections are invariably present in the clinical syndromes associated with Lyme disease and it is suggested that these act synergistically in complex ways.

-	//D.C. Owen// (({{pubmed>long:16814477}}))	+	//D.C. Owen// (({{pmid>long:16814477}}))
-	//D.C. Owen// (({{pbmid>long:16814477}}))	+
	</blockquote>		</blockquote>

	Since first being recognized as a disease in 1981, Lyme has been widely assumed to be caused by a single infectious agent: //Borrelia//. In fact, the very reason the diagnosis of chronic Lyme is so controversial is that blood tests of people with Lyme-like symptoms infrequently show ongoing //Borrelia// infection. The assumption that one and only species (or genus) of microbe could cause a given symptom presentation is the antiquated legacy of Koch's postulates. More recent research suggests that the symptoms of chronic Lyme are caused my many microbes.		Since first being recognized as a disease in 1981, Lyme has been widely assumed to be caused by a single infectious agent: //Borrelia//. In fact, the very reason the diagnosis of chronic Lyme is so controversial is that blood tests of people with Lyme-like symptoms infrequently show ongoing //Borrelia// infection. The assumption that one and only species (or genus) of microbe could cause a given symptom presentation is the antiquated legacy of Koch's postulates. More recent research suggests that the symptoms of chronic Lyme are caused my many microbes.

-	W. Ian Lipkin's team sampled 286 adult ticks from the two counties in New York State where Lyme disease is endemic, looking for the prevalence of polymicrobial infection with //Borrelia burgdorferi, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Babesia microti, Borrelia miyamotoi,// and Powassan virus.(({{pubmed>long:19725770}})) Seventy-one percent of the ticks harbored at least one organism; 30% had a polymicrobial infection. Infections with three microbes were detected in 5% of the ticks. One tick was infected with four organisms.	+	W. Ian Lipkin's team sampled 286 adult ticks from the two counties in New York State where Lyme disease is endemic, looking for the prevalence of polymicrobial infection with //Borrelia burgdorferi, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Babesia microti, Borrelia miyamotoi,// and Powassan virus.(({{pmid>long:19725770}})) Seventy-one percent of the ticks harbored at least one organism; 30% had a polymicrobial infection. Infections with three microbes were detected in 5% of the ticks. One tick was infected with four organisms.

-	We collected data from an online survey of 200 of our patients, which evaluated the efficacy of dapsone (diaminodiphenyl sulfone, ie, DDS) combined with other antibiotics and agents that disrupt biofilms for the treatment of chronic Lyme disease/post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome (PTLDS). We also collected aggregate data from direct retrospective chart review, including laboratory testing for Lyme, other infections, and associated tick-borne coinfections. (({{pubmed>long:30863136}}))	+	We collected data from an online survey of 200 of our patients, which evaluated the efficacy of dapsone (diaminodiphenyl sulfone, ie, DDS) combined with other antibiotics and agents that disrupt biofilms for the treatment of chronic Lyme disease/post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome (PTLDS). We also collected aggregate data from direct retrospective chart review, including laboratory testing for Lyme, other infections, and associated tick-borne coinfections. (({{pmid>long:30863136}}))

	=== Australian ticks ===		=== Australian ticks ===

-	Human Tick-Borne Diseases in Australia. (({{pubmed>long:30746341}}))	+	Human Tick-Borne Diseases in Australia. (({{pmid>long:30746341}}))

	==== Borrelia and the VDR ====		==== Borrelia and the VDR ====
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	<relatedarticle> [[home:pathogenesis:vitamind:metabolism\|Metabolism of vitamin D and the Vitamin D Receptor]] </article>		<relatedarticle> [[home:pathogenesis:vitamind:metabolism\|Metabolism of vitamin D and the Vitamin D Receptor]] </article>

-	In the arms race of host–microbe co-evolution, successful microbial pathogens have evolved ingenious ways to evade host immune responses.(({{pubmed>long:21350579}}))	+	In the arms race of host–microbe co-evolution, successful microbial pathogens have evolved ingenious ways to evade host immune responses.(({{pmid>long:21350579}}))

	<blockquote>Studies have indicated that the dysregulation of VDR may lead to exaggerated inflammatory responses, raising the possibility that defects in Vitamin D and VDR signaling transduction may be linked to bacterial infection and chronic inflammation. Further characterization of Vitamin D/VDR will help elucidate the pathogenesis of various human diseases and in the design of new approaches for prevention and treatment.		<blockquote>Studies have indicated that the dysregulation of VDR may lead to exaggerated inflammatory responses, raising the possibility that defects in Vitamin D and VDR signaling transduction may be linked to bacterial infection and chronic inflammation. Further characterization of Vitamin D/VDR will help elucidate the pathogenesis of various human diseases and in the design of new approaches for prevention and treatment.

-	//Jun Sun// (({{pubmed>long:20639756}}))</blockquote>	+	//Jun Sun// (({{pmid>long:20639756}}))</blockquote>

-	Since the VDR is at the heart of the innate immune system, bacteria can survive by discovering how to disable it through a variety of different actions. Actions accumulate and are more powerful than individual actions. In keeping with evolutionary theory, a growing number of substances and species have been shown to downregulate the activity of the VDR, one of which is //Borrelia burgdorferi//. Live //Borrelia burgdorferi// reduced VDR expression in monocytes (phagocytes) by 50 times, and lysates ("dead" //Borrelia//) reduced it by 8 times(({{pubmed>long:19461888}}))	+	Since the VDR is at the heart of the innate immune system, bacteria can survive by discovering how to disable it through a variety of different actions. Actions accumulate and are more powerful than individual actions. In keeping with evolutionary theory, a growing number of substances and species have been shown to downregulate the activity of the VDR, one of which is //Borrelia burgdorferi//. Live //Borrelia burgdorferi// reduced VDR expression in monocytes (phagocytes) by 50 times, and lysates ("dead" //Borrelia//) reduced it by 8 times(({{pmid>long:19461888}}))

	Olmesartan is the main medication used by the Marshall Protocol and is believed to act as a VDR agonist, counteracting //Borrellia//'s effect on the Receptor and reversing the disease process.		Olmesartan is the main medication used by the Marshall Protocol and is believed to act as a VDR agonist, counteracting //Borrellia//'s effect on the Receptor and reversing the disease process.
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	==== Autoantibodies ====		==== Autoantibodies ====

-	Greco //et al.// claimed to find a variety of autoantibodies including antiphospholipid antibodies in patients with chronic Lyme disease.(({{pubmed>long:21729977}})) Autoantibodies have long been tied to persistent infections.	+	Greco //et al.// claimed to find a variety of autoantibodies including antiphospholipid antibodies in patients with chronic Lyme disease.(({{pmid>long:21729977}})) Autoantibodies have long been tied to persistent infections.

	===== Ticks, what to do when bitten =====		===== Ticks, what to do when bitten =====
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	===== Research =====		===== Research =====

-	Many antimicrobial agents (antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, anthelmintics or antiparasitics) used for treating other infections were found to have better activity than the current Lyme antibiotics. These include antibacterials such as rifamycins (3-formal-rifamycin, rifaximin, rifamycin SV), thiostrepton, quinolone drugs (sarafloxacin, clinafloxacin, tosufloxacin), and cell wall inhibitors carbenicillin, tazobactam, aztreonam; antifungal agents such as fluconazole, mepartricin, bifonazole, climbazole, oxiconazole, nystatin; antiviral agents zanamivir, nevirapine, tilorone; antimalarial agents artemisinin, methylene blue, and quidaldine blue; antihelmintic and antiparasitic agents toltrazuril, tartar emetic, potassium antimonyl tartrate trihydrate, oxantel, closantel, hycanthone, pyrimethamine, and tetramisole. Interestingly, drugs used for treating other non-infectious conditions including verteporfin, oltipraz, pyroglutamic acid, pidolic acid, and dextrorphan tartrate, that act on the glutathione/γ-glutamyl pathway involved in protection against free radical damage, and also the antidepressant drug indatraline, were found to have high activity against stationary phase B. burgdorferi. (({{pubmed>long: 27025631}}))	+	Many antimicrobial agents (antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, anthelmintics or antiparasitics) used for treating other infections were found to have better activity than the current Lyme antibiotics. These include antibacterials such as rifamycins (3-formal-rifamycin, rifaximin, rifamycin SV), thiostrepton, quinolone drugs (sarafloxacin, clinafloxacin, tosufloxacin), and cell wall inhibitors carbenicillin, tazobactam, aztreonam; antifungal agents such as fluconazole, mepartricin, bifonazole, climbazole, oxiconazole, nystatin; antiviral agents zanamivir, nevirapine, tilorone; antimalarial agents artemisinin, methylene blue, and quidaldine blue; antihelmintic and antiparasitic agents toltrazuril, tartar emetic, potassium antimonyl tartrate trihydrate, oxantel, closantel, hycanthone, pyrimethamine, and tetramisole. Interestingly, drugs used for treating other non-infectious conditions including verteporfin, oltipraz, pyroglutamic acid, pidolic acid, and dextrorphan tartrate, that act on the glutathione/γ-glutamyl pathway involved in protection against free radical damage, and also the antidepressant drug indatraline, were found to have high activity against stationary phase B. burgdorferi. (({{pmid>long: 27025631}}))

	===== Read more =====		===== Read more =====
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	* [[https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/586226\|Chronic Lyme Disease and the "Axis of Evil"]] – A 2009 //Future Microbiology// paper written from the perspective of ILADS and LLMDs.		* [[https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/586226\|Chronic Lyme Disease and the "Axis of Evil"]] – A 2009 //Future Microbiology// paper written from the perspective of ILADS and LLMDs.

-	* SPECT scans are abnormal in chronic Lyme patients – According to a 2012 study, 75% of brain SPECT scans are abnormal in patients with chronic Lyme disease.(({{pubmed>long:22889796}}))	+	* SPECT scans are abnormal in chronic Lyme patients – According to a 2012 study, 75% of brain SPECT scans are abnormal in patients with chronic Lyme disease.(({{pmid>long:22889796}}))


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	While there is general agreement on the optimal treatment for early Lyme disease, there is considerable controversy over the existence, prevalence, diagnostic criteria, and treatment of chronic Lyme disease.		While there is general agreement on the optimal treatment for early Lyme disease, there is considerable controversy over the existence, prevalence, diagnostic criteria, and treatment of chronic Lyme disease.

-	Over the past decade, two opposing camps have emerged in the battle over Lyme. One camp is represented by the International Lyme and Associated Diseases Society (ILADS), which argues that Lyme disease is not rare because its spread is facilitated by rodents, deer and birds, and can be found in an unpredictable distribution around the world accompanied by other tick-borne coinfections that may complicate the clinical presentation. According to the ILADS, tick bites often go unnoticed and commercial laboratory testing for Lyme disease is inaccurate. Consequently, the disease is often not recognized and may persist in a large number of patients, requiring prolonged antibiotic therapy to eradicate persistent infection with the evasive Lyme spirochete.(({{pubmed>long:19072179}}))	+	Over the past decade, two opposing camps have emerged in the battle over Lyme. One camp is represented by the International Lyme and Associated Diseases Society (ILADS), which argues that Lyme disease is not rare because its spread is facilitated by rodents, deer and birds, and can be found in an unpredictable distribution around the world accompanied by other tick-borne coinfections that may complicate the clinical presentation. According to the ILADS, tick bites often go unnoticed and commercial laboratory testing for Lyme disease is inaccurate. Consequently, the disease is often not recognized and may persist in a large number of patients, requiring prolonged antibiotic therapy to eradicate persistent infection with the evasive Lyme spirochete.(({{pmid>long:19072179}}))

-	The opposing camp is represented by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), which maintains that Lyme disease is a rare illness localized to well-defined areas of the world. According to the IDSA, the disease is "hard to catch and easy to cure" because the infection is rarely encountered, easily diagnosed in its early stage by distinctive clinical features and in more advanced stages by accurate commercial laboratory tests, and effectively treated with a short course of antibiotics over 2-4 weeks. Chronic infection with the Lyme spirochete, //Borrelia burgdorferi//, is rare or nonexistent, and the concept of chronic Lyme disease rests on "faith-based" opinion rather than "evidence-based" science.(({{pubmed>long:19072179}}))	+	The opposing camp is represented by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), which maintains that Lyme disease is a rare illness localized to well-defined areas of the world. According to the IDSA, the disease is "hard to catch and easy to cure" because the infection is rarely encountered, easily diagnosed in its early stage by distinctive clinical features and in more advanced stages by accurate commercial laboratory tests, and effectively treated with a short course of antibiotics over 2-4 weeks. Chronic infection with the Lyme spirochete, //Borrelia burgdorferi//, is rare or nonexistent, and the concept of chronic Lyme disease rests on "faith-based" opinion rather than "evidence-based" science.(({{pmid>long:19072179}}))

-	This mainstream view is exemplified by a 2007 review in the //New England Journal of Medicine//, which noted the diagnosis of chronic Lyme disease is used by a few physicians despite a lack of "reproducible or convincing scientific evidence", leading the authors to describe this diagnosis as "the latest in a series of syndromes that have been postulated in an attempt to attribute medically unexplained symptoms to particular infections."(({{pubmed>long:17914043}}))	+	This mainstream view is exemplified by a 2007 review in the //New England Journal of Medicine//, which noted the diagnosis of chronic Lyme disease is used by a few physicians despite a lack of "reproducible or convincing scientific evidence", leading the authors to describe this diagnosis as "the latest in a series of syndromes that have been postulated in an attempt to attribute medically unexplained symptoms to particular infections."(({{pmid>long:17914043}}))

	<blockquote>Chronic Lyme disease is the most recent in a continuing series of "medically unexplained symptoms" syndromes. These syndromes, such as fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, and multiple chemical sensitivity, meet the need for a societally and morally acceptable explanation for ill-defined symptoms in the absence of objective physical and laboratory findings. We describe factors involved in the psychopathogenesis of chronic Lyme disease and focus on the confusion and insecurity these patients feel, which gives rise to an inability to adequately formulate and articulate their health concerns and to deal adequately with their medical needs, a state of disorganization termed aporia.		<blockquote>Chronic Lyme disease is the most recent in a continuing series of "medically unexplained symptoms" syndromes. These syndromes, such as fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, and multiple chemical sensitivity, meet the need for a societally and morally acceptable explanation for ill-defined symptoms in the absence of objective physical and laboratory findings. We describe factors involved in the psychopathogenesis of chronic Lyme disease and focus on the confusion and insecurity these patients feel, which gives rise to an inability to adequately formulate and articulate their health concerns and to deal adequately with their medical needs, a state of disorganization termed aporia.

-	//L.H. Sigal// (({{pubmed>long:12194894}})) </blockquote>	+	//L.H. Sigal// (({{pmid>long:12194894}})) </blockquote>

	Groups of patients, patient advocates, and the small number of physicians who support the concept of chronic Lyme disease have organized to lobby for recognition of this diagnosis, as well as to argue for insurance coverage of long-term antibiotic therapy, which most insurers deny, as it is at odds with the guidelines of the major medical organizations.		Groups of patients, patient advocates, and the small number of physicians who support the concept of chronic Lyme disease have organized to lobby for recognition of this diagnosis, as well as to argue for insurance coverage of long-term antibiotic therapy, which most insurers deny, as it is at odds with the guidelines of the major medical organizations.
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	* [[home:othertreatments:rife\|Rife]] – There is no scientific evidence that the use of a Rife device has the intended effect on infectious bacteria. Instead, most patients using Rife are likely administering themselves nothing more than an expensive placebo.		* [[home:othertreatments:rife\|Rife]] – There is no scientific evidence that the use of a Rife device has the intended effect on infectious bacteria. Instead, most patients using Rife are likely administering themselves nothing more than an expensive placebo.

-	Selective Essential Oils from Spice or Culinary Herbs Have High Activity against Stationary Phase and Biofilm Borrelia burgdorferi. Some highly active essential oils were found to have excellent anti-biofilm ability (({{pubmed>long: 29075628}}))	+	Selective Essential Oils from Spice or Culinary Herbs Have High Activity against Stationary Phase and Biofilm Borrelia burgdorferi. Some highly active essential oils were found to have excellent anti-biofilm ability (({{pmid>long: 29075628}}))

	=== Disulfiram ===		=== Disulfiram ===
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	[[https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03891667\|Study to examine the safety of disulfiram among patients with post-treatment Lyme disease Sx]]		[[https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03891667\|Study to examine the safety of disulfiram among patients with post-treatment Lyme disease Sx]]

-	Screening to identify potent candidate drugs that can target the Borrelia persisters.(({{pubmed>long:27103785}}))	+	Screening to identify potent candidate drugs that can target the Borrelia persisters.(({{pmid>long:27103785}}))

-	Not suitable for children (({{pubmed>long:6470872}})), (({{pubmed>long:9093309}}))	+	Not suitable for children (({{pmid>long:6470872}})), (({{pmid>long:9093309}}))

-	may be possible for some adolescents (({{pubmed>long:27613346}}))	+	may be possible for some adolescents (({{pmid>long:27613346}}))

	=== ===		=== ===
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	Those affected by persistent Lyme disease, who are unable to follow the Marshall Protocol, could ask a medical practitioner about use of 3 antibiotic drugs in combination, as single drugs and 2-drug combinations appear to be ineffective with some PTLDS Borrelia biofilm.		Those affected by persistent Lyme disease, who are unable to follow the Marshall Protocol, could ask a medical practitioner about use of 3 antibiotic drugs in combination, as single drugs and 2-drug combinations appear to be ineffective with some PTLDS Borrelia biofilm.

-	the combination of different antiborrelial agents with synergistic effect seems to be a meaningful alternative and should be included in future studies in vitro as well as in vivo.(({{pubmed>long: 12073540}}))	+	the combination of different antiborrelial agents with synergistic effect seems to be a meaningful alternative and should be included in future studies in vitro as well as in vivo.(({{pmid>long: 12073540}}))

-	Borrelia burgdorferi persisters in vitro: eradication achieved by using daptomycin, cefoperazone and doxycycline. (({{pubmed>long: 25806811}}))	+	Borrelia burgdorferi persisters in vitro: eradication achieved by using daptomycin, cefoperazone and doxycycline. (({{pmid>long: 25806811}}))

-	Sulpha drugs and their combinations(({{pubmed>long:28327498}}))	+	Sulpha drugs and their combinations(({{pmid>long:28327498}}))

	{{tag>diseases}}		{{tag>diseases}}
		+	<nodisp>
	===== Notes and comments =====		===== Notes and comments =====

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	\|Diagnosis \|Diagnosed clinically based on symptoms, objective physical findings – such as erythema migrans (bulls eye rash), facial palsy or arthritis – or a history of possible exposure to infected ticks, as well as blood tests. Living in a tick-endemic area increases the likelihood of a Lyme diagnosis. \|For those with a negative test for //Borrelia//, getting a diagnosis of chronic Lyme depends largely on whether the doctor is "Lyme literate", that is if he/she even acknowledges the existence of chronic Lyme. \|		\|Diagnosis \|Diagnosed clinically based on symptoms, objective physical findings – such as erythema migrans (bulls eye rash), facial palsy or arthritis – or a history of possible exposure to infected ticks, as well as blood tests. Living in a tick-endemic area increases the likelihood of a Lyme diagnosis. \|For those with a negative test for //Borrelia//, getting a diagnosis of chronic Lyme depends largely on whether the doctor is "Lyme literate", that is if he/she even acknowledges the existence of chronic Lyme. \|
	\|Controversy over legitimacy of diagnosis \|Some disagreement over validity of tests, but controversy is relatively minimal. \|Diagnosis is most controversially applied to patients with nonspecific symptoms (e.g., fatigue), who show no objective evidence they have been infected with Lyme disease in the past, since the standard diagnostic tests for infection are negative. Most physicians [[#chronic_controversy_over_chronic_lyme_disease\|do not accept]] chronic Lyme as a legitimate diagnosis. \|		\|Controversy over legitimacy of diagnosis \|Some disagreement over validity of tests, but controversy is relatively minimal. \|Diagnosis is most controversially applied to patients with nonspecific symptoms (e.g., fatigue), who show no objective evidence they have been infected with Lyme disease in the past, since the standard diagnostic tests for infection are negative. Most physicians [[#chronic_controversy_over_chronic_lyme_disease\|do not accept]] chronic Lyme as a legitimate diagnosis. \|
-	\|Treatment \|Widely believed to be "readily curable." Conventional approach according to 2008 Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines(({{pubmed>long:18452688}})) – antibiotics of choice are doxycycline (in adults), amoxicillin (in children), erythromycin (for pregnant women) and ceftriaxone \|"Lyme-literate" MDs often prescribe high-dose, often intravenous antibiotics such as Rocephin \|	+	\|Treatment \|Widely believed to be "readily curable." Conventional approach according to 2008 Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines(({{pmid>long:18452688}})) – antibiotics of choice are doxycycline (in adults), amoxicillin (in children), erythromycin (for pregnant women) and ceftriaxone \|"Lyme-literate" MDs often prescribe high-dose, often intravenous antibiotics such as Rocephin \|


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	* [[home:othertreatments:rife\|Rife]] – There is no scientific evidence that the use of a Rife device has the intended effect on infectious bacteria. Instead, most patients using Rife are likely administering themselves nothing more than an expensive placebo.		* [[home:othertreatments:rife\|Rife]] – There is no scientific evidence that the use of a Rife device has the intended effect on infectious bacteria. Instead, most patients using Rife are likely administering themselves nothing more than an expensive placebo.

-	Selective Essential Oils from Spice or Culinary Herbs Have High Activity against Stationary Phase and Biofilm Borrelia burgdorferi. Some highly active essential oils were found to have excellent anti-biofilm ability (({{pubmed>long: 29075628}}))	+	Selective Essential Oils from Spice or Culinary Herbs Have High Activity against Stationary Phase and Biofilm Borrelia burgdorferi. Some highly active essential oils were found to have excellent anti-biofilm ability (({{pmid>long: 29075628}}))

	=== Disulfiram ===		=== Disulfiram ===
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	[[https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03891667\|Study to examine the safety of disulfiram among patients with post-treatment Lyme disease Sx]]		[[https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03891667\|Study to examine the safety of disulfiram among patients with post-treatment Lyme disease Sx]]

-	Screening to identify potent candidate drugs that can target the Borrelia persisters.(({{pubmed>long:27103785}}))	+	Screening to identify potent candidate drugs that can target the Borrelia persisters.(({{pmid>long:27103785}}))

-	Not suitable for children (({{pubmed>long:6470872}})), (({{pubmed>long:9093309}}))	+	Not suitable for children (({{pmid>long:6470872}})), (({{pmid>long:9093309}}))

-	May be for adolescents (({{pubmed>long:27613346}}))	+	May be for adolescents (({{pmid>long:27613346}}))

	=== ===		=== ===
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	Those affected by persistent Lyme disease, who are unable to follow the Marshall Protocol, could ask a medical practitioner about use of 3 antibiotic drugs in combination		Those affected by persistent Lyme disease, who are unable to follow the Marshall Protocol, could ask a medical practitioner about use of 3 antibiotic drugs in combination

-	the combination of different antiborrelial agents with synergistic effect seems to be a meaningful alternative and should be included in future studies in vitro as well as in vivo.(({{pubmed>long: 12073540}}))	+	the combination of different antiborrelial agents with synergistic effect seems to be a meaningful alternative and should be included in future studies in vitro as well as in vivo.(({{pmid>long: 12073540}}))

-	Borrelia burgdorferi persisters in vitro: eradication achieved by using daptomycin, cefoperazone and doxycycline. (({{pubmed>long: 25806811}}))	+	Borrelia burgdorferi persisters in vitro: eradication achieved by using daptomycin, cefoperazone and doxycycline. (({{pmid>long: 25806811}}))

-	Sulpha drugs and their combinations(({{pubmed>long:28327498}}))	+	Sulpha drugs and their combinations(({{pmid>long:28327498}}))

	===== References =====		===== References =====
		+	</nodisp>

News and highlights - guilt tripping emotional appeal removed

ron@undisclosed.example.com (ron) — Wed, 07 Sep 2022 06:05:39 +0000

07.04.2022		current
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	* [[home:physicians:vitamin_d_leaflet\|Testing your vitamin D Metabolites]]		* [[home:physicians:vitamin_d_leaflet\|Testing your vitamin D Metabolites]]
	* see below		* see below
-
-
-
-
-	==== IMPORTANT ====
-
-	//Wear a face mask when out//
-
-	The life you save may be your friend
-
-
-
-

Mistaking correlation for causation in vitamin D studies - [Researchers should also measure 1,25-D]

sallieq@undisclosed.example.com (sallieq) — Thu, 03 Sep 2020 21:55:43 +0000

The over-exuberant Stage-Five immune response - [Antibiotics]

sallieq@undisclosed.example.com (sallieq) — Fri, 24 Jul 2020 21:50:45 +0000

10.13.2018		current
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-	<blockquote>Very few have experienced any problems with Stage Five. I think it mainly gives trouble when pathogens other than the Th1 pathogens are present, and have escaped the antibiotics. I got hit when the fibrosis in my lungs began to remodel, but I doubt that anybody else in the cohort was afflicted with fibrotic tissue [[http://sarcinfo.com/xrays\|as badly as I]]. Additionally, I hadn't been exercising (at all) during my recovery, so the remodelling began quite suddenly. On the other hand, the other early adopters have not had identifiable problems. We put out the documentation partly over an abundance of caution, and partly because we had to change the model to account for this (unexpected) glitch in recovery trajectory.	+	<blockquote>Very few have experienced any problems with Stage Five. I think it mainly gives trouble when pathogens other than the Th1 pathogens are present, and have escaped the antibiotics. I got hit when the fibrosis in my lungs began to remodel, but I doubt that anybody else in the cohort was afflicted with fibrotic tissue [[https://sarcinfo.com/xrays\|as badly as I]]. Additionally, I hadn't been exercising (at all) during my recovery, so the remodelling began quite suddenly. On the other hand, the other early adopters have not had identifiable problems. We put out the documentation partly over an abundance of caution, and partly because we had to change the model to account for this (unexpected) glitch in recovery trajectory.

	Unless your X-rays show the degree of damage which mine did, you should be fine with a very nominal amount of exercise. Do not do anything which tires you out. Walking around the neighborhood in the late evenings is probably a good choice (depending on your neighborhood, of course).		Unless your X-rays show the degree of damage which mine did, you should be fine with a very nominal amount of exercise. Do not do anything which tires you out. Walking around the neighborhood in the late evenings is probably a good choice (depending on your neighborhood, of course).
Line 67:		Line 67:

	When a patient's symptoms surge after an extended period on the MP, the initial strategy is to		When a patient's symptoms surge after an extended period on the MP, the initial strategy is to
-	discontinue azithromycin if it has been taken. //N.B. the use of azithromycin is now strongly discouraged//. This will often result in a one-time exacerbation of symptoms, particularly from days 10 to 12 (and possibly even for some weeks), as the concentration of the azithromycin slowly wanes, but in the long run will lead to greater stability.	+	discontinue azithromycin if it has been taken. //N.B. the use of azithromycin is now strongly discouraged//.
		+
		+	This will often result in a one-time exacerbation of symptoms, particularly from days 10 to 12 (and possibly even for some weeks), as the concentration of the azithromycin slowly wanes, but in the long run will lead to greater stability.

	Progressively withdrawing minocycline and clindamycin, while modulating olmesartan, should keep		Progressively withdrawing minocycline and clindamycin, while modulating olmesartan, should keep
Line 73:		Line 75:
	causing too much immunopathology, it is necessary to stop them. For many members, indeed, ABx are used only to provoke IP when it has dwindled.		causing too much immunopathology, it is necessary to stop them. For many members, indeed, ABx are used only to provoke IP when it has dwindled.

-	Please ask for moderator assistance on the [[http://marshallprotocol.com\|MarshallProtocol.com]] study site before antibiotic use is modified. We are happy to assist you in any way we can.	+	Please ask for moderator assistance on the [[https://marshallprotocol.com\|MarshallProtocol.com]] study site before antibiotic use is modified. We are happy to assist you in any way we can.


Line 109:		Line 111:
	===== Read more =====		===== Read more =====

-	* [[http://autoimmunityresearch.org/VDR-Time-Benicar.pdf\|Visual description of all stages of recovery]]	+	* [[https://autoimmunityresearch.org/VDR-Time-Benicar.pdf\|Visual description of all stages of recovery]]


Line 117:		Line 119:


		+	<nodisp>
	===== Notes and comments =====		===== Notes and comments =====

Line 123:		Line 126:
	*		*

-	http://autoimmunityresearch.org/VDR-Time-Benicar.pdf	+	https://autoimmunityresearch.org/VDR-Time-Benicar.pdf

-	http://autoimmunityresearch.org/stage5.pdf	+	https://autoimmunityresearch.org/stage5.pdf

	* There's confusion among members re stage 5, leading to fear of it from early in their MP journey. This page swings from painting a fearful picture of unrestrainable immune reaction to assurances that only some of the most ill experience this. It's self-contradictory as to whether the term 'stage 5' refers to anyone who continues to herx without abx, or only to those whose immune system is 'over-exuberant'. --- //Julia 2009/01/31 05:20//		* There's confusion among members re stage 5, leading to fear of it from early in their MP journey. This page swings from painting a fearful picture of unrestrainable immune reaction to assurances that only some of the most ill experience this. It's self-contradictory as to whether the term 'stage 5' refers to anyone who continues to herx without abx, or only to those whose immune system is 'over-exuberant'. --- //Julia 2009/01/31 05:20//
Line 133:		Line 136:
	* IMO, Stage 5 should refer to everyone who continues to herx without abx - i.e. their own immune system is functioning properly. Then there could be a warning that a few people have had this runaway reaction, while many are having a much more gentle stage 5. --- //Julia 2009/02/04 17:51//		* IMO, Stage 5 should refer to everyone who continues to herx without abx - i.e. their own immune system is functioning properly. Then there could be a warning that a few people have had this runaway reaction, while many are having a much more gentle stage 5. --- //Julia 2009/02/04 17:51//

-	===== References =====	+	===== References =====</nodisp>

Resources for patients - [Patient interviews]

sallieq@undisclosed.example.com (sallieq) — Tue, 14 Jul 2020 02:20:57 +0000

09.01.2019		current
Line 63:		Line 63:

	{{section>:home:patients:cohort_statistics#statistics_on_the_marshall_protocol&noheader}}		{{section>:home:patients:cohort_statistics#statistics_on_the_marshall_protocol&noheader}}
-
-
-	==== Patient interviews ====
-
-	<mainarticle> [[home:patients:patient_interviews\|Patient interviews]] </article>
-
-	Several dozen patients, representing a range of inflammatory diagnoses, have shared their stories of recovery on Bacteriality.com.


Line 77:		Line 70:
	===== Making sense of the Marshall Protocol =====		===== Making sense of the Marshall Protocol =====

-	The explanation for why the Marshall Protocol works can get sophisticated. To help patients understand all of the terminology being used, a [[home:patients:glossary\|glossary of scientific terms]] is available, as well as a list of [[home:patients:abbreviations\|medical abbreviations]] used on the [[http://marshallprotocol.com\|Marshall Protocol Study Site]].	+	The explanation for why the Marshall Protocol works can get sophisticated. To help patients understand all of the terminology being used, a [[home:patients:glossary\|glossary of scientific terms]] is available, as well as a list of [[home:patients:abbreviations\|medical abbreviations]] used on the [[https://marshallprotocol.com\|Marshall Protocol Study Site]].


Line 99:		Line 92:

	{{tag> resource}}		{{tag> resource}}
		+	<nodisp>
	===== Notes and comments =====		===== Notes and comments =====

Line 104:		Line 98:


-	===== References =====	+	===== References =====</nodisp>

Patient interviews - [Patient interviews]

sallieq@undisclosed.example.com (sallieq) — Tue, 14 Jul 2020 02:17:58 +0000

07.14.2020		current
Line 2:		Line 2:

	//N.B. the below recorded interviews are no longer available online//		//N.B. the below recorded interviews are no longer available online//
		+
		+	You may be interested in https://microbeminded.com/author/amyproal/

	However, dozens of different patients have shared their stories of recovery on the [[https://www.marshallprotocol.com/\|Marshall protocol Study site]].		However, dozens of different patients have shared their stories of recovery on the [[https://www.marshallprotocol.com/\|Marshall protocol Study site]].
Line 21:		Line 23:
	sarcoidosis, bladder cancer		sarcoidosis, bladder cancer

-	Read the [[http://bacteriality.com/2008/07/18/interview24/\|interview]]	+	Read the [[https://bacteriality.com/2008/07/18/interview24/\|interview]]

	<html></div></div></html>		<html></div></div></html>
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	lupus, Sjogren’s Syndrome		lupus, Sjogren’s Syndrome

-	Read the [[http://bacteriality.com/2008/07/02/interview23/\|interview]]	+	Read the [[https://bacteriality.com/2008/07/02/interview23/\|interview]]

	<html></div></div></html>		<html></div></div></html>
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	diabetes, sarcoidosis, irritable bowel syndrome		diabetes, sarcoidosis, irritable bowel syndrome

-	Read the [[http://bacteriality.com/2008/06/19/interview22/\|interview]]	+	Read the [[https://bacteriality.com/2008/06/19/interview22/\|interview]]

	<html></div></div></html>		<html></div></div></html>
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	sarcoidosis, rheumatoid arthritis		sarcoidosis, rheumatoid arthritis

-	Read the [[http://bacteriality.com/2008/06/03/interview21/\|interview]]	+	Read the [[https://bacteriality.com/2008/06/03/interview21/\|interview]]

	<html></div></div></html>		<html></div></div></html>
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	sarcoidosis, cat scratch fever, restless leg syndrome		sarcoidosis, cat scratch fever, restless leg syndrome

-	Read the [[http://bacteriality.com/2007/11/19/interview13/\|interview]]	+	Read the [[https://bacteriality.com/2007/11/19/interview13/\|interview]]

	<html></div></div></html>		<html></div></div></html>
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	chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), multiple chemical sensitivities		chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), multiple chemical sensitivities

-	Read the [[http://bacteriality.com/2008/05/23/interview20/\|interview]]	+	Read the [[https://bacteriality.com/2008/05/23/interview20/\|interview]]

	<html></div></div></html>		<html></div></div></html>
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	autism, ADHD, depression, severe anxiety, chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)		autism, ADHD, depression, severe anxiety, chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)

-	Read the [[http://bacteriality.com/2008/03/15/interview18/\|interview]]	+	Read the [[https://bacteriality.com/2008/03/15/interview18/\|interview]]

	<html></div></div></html>		<html></div></div></html>
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	sarcoidosis		sarcoidosis

-	Read the [[http://bacteriality.com/2007/11/17/interview11/\|interview]]	+	Read the [[https://bacteriality.com/2007/11/17/interview11/\|interview]]

	<html></div></div></html>		<html></div></div></html>
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	neurosarcoidosis, systemic sarcoidosis; spasticity, myasthenia, CNS dysfunction, joint pain, pulmonary, splenic and cardiac involvement		neurosarcoidosis, systemic sarcoidosis; spasticity, myasthenia, CNS dysfunction, joint pain, pulmonary, splenic and cardiac involvement

-	Read the [[http://bacteriality.com/2008/03/02/interview17/\|interview]]	+	Read the [[https://bacteriality.com/2008/03/02/interview17/\|interview]]

	<html></div></div></html>		<html></div></div></html>
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	chronic borreliosis ("Lyme"), multiple chemical sensitivities, chronic spinal inflammation, peripheral neuropathy		chronic borreliosis ("Lyme"), multiple chemical sensitivities, chronic spinal inflammation, peripheral neuropathy

-	Read the [[http://bacteriality.com/2007/12/28/interview14/\|interview]]	+	Read the [[https://bacteriality.com/2007/12/28/interview14/\|interview]]

	<html></div></div></html>		<html></div></div></html>
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	sarcoidosis of the heart, coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation		sarcoidosis of the heart, coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation

-	Read the [[http://bacteriality.com/2008/01/18/interview15/\|interview]]	+	Read the [[https://bacteriality.com/2008/01/18/interview15/\|interview]]

	<html></div></div></html>		<html></div></div></html>
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	Lyme disease, irritable bowel syndrome/ulcerative colitis, radiculitis		Lyme disease, irritable bowel syndrome/ulcerative colitis, radiculitis

-	Read the [[http://bacteriality.com/2008/02/17/interview16/\|interview]]	+	Read the [[https://bacteriality.com/2008/02/17/interview16/\|interview]]

	<html></div></div></html>		<html></div></div></html>
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	Post Treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome (PTLDS)		Post Treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome (PTLDS)

-	Read the [[http://bacteriality.com/2008/03/31/interview19/\|interview]]	+	Read the [[https://bacteriality.com/2008/03/31/interview19/\|interview]]

	<html></div></div></html>		<html></div></div></html>
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	sarcoidosis (Hedfort Syndrome), uveitis		sarcoidosis (Hedfort Syndrome), uveitis

-	Read the [[http://bacteriality.com/2007/11/19/interview12\|interview]]	+	Read the [[https://bacteriality.com/2007/11/19/interview12\|interview]]

	<html></div></div></html>		<html></div></div></html>
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	rheumatoid arthritis, dyslexia		rheumatoid arthritis, dyslexia

-	Read the [[http://bacteriality.com/2007/09/01/interview2/\|interview]]	+	Read the [[https://bacteriality.com/2007/09/01/interview2/\|interview]]

	<html></div></div></html>		<html></div></div></html>
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	sarcoidosis, fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)		sarcoidosis, fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)

-	Read the [[http://bacteriality.com/2007/11/08/interview8//\|interview]]	+	Read the [[https://bacteriality.com/2007/11/08/interview8//\|interview]]

	<html></div></div></html>		<html></div></div></html>
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	sarcoidosis		sarcoidosis

-	Read the [[http://bacteriality.com/2007/11/04/interview7/\|interview]]	+	Read the [[https://bacteriality.com/2007/11/04/interview7/\|interview]]

	<html></div></div></html>		<html></div></div></html>
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	chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), depression, food sensitivities, insomnia		chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), depression, food sensitivities, insomnia

-	Read the [[http://bacteriality.com/2007/11/10/interview10/\|interview]]	+	Read the [[https://bacteriality.com/2007/11/10/interview10/\|interview]]

	<html></div></div></html>		<html></div></div></html>
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	Lyme, myoclonus		Lyme, myoclonus

-	Read the [[http://bacteriality.com/2007/10/28/interview6/\|interview]]	+	Read the [[https://bacteriality.com/2007/10/28/interview6/\|interview]]

	<html></div></div></html>		<html></div></div></html>
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	Lyme, //Babesia//		Lyme, //Babesia//

-	Read the [[http://bacteriality.com/2007/09/22/interview3/\|interview]]	+	Read the [[https://bacteriality.com/2007/09/22/interview3/\|interview]]

	<html></div></div></html>		<html></div></div></html>
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	sarcoidosis, psoriasis, insomnia, kidney stones		sarcoidosis, psoriasis, insomnia, kidney stones

-	Read the [[http://bacteriality.com/2007/08/10/interview1/\|interview]]	+	Read the [[https://bacteriality.com/2007/08/10/interview1/\|interview]]

	<html></div></div>		<html></div></div>
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		+	<nodisp>
	===== Notes and comments =====		===== Notes and comments =====

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	sarcoidosis, obsessive compulsive disorder, uveitis		sarcoidosis, obsessive compulsive disorder, uveitis

-	Read the [[http://bacteriality.com/2007/11/10/interview9\|interview]]	+	Read the [[https://bacteriality.com/2007/11/10/interview9\|interview]]

	<html></div></div></html>		<html></div></div></html>


-	[[http://www.marshallprotocol.com/forum30/7473.html\|Other people who are doing well]]	+	[[https://www.marshallprotocol.com/forum30/7473.html\|Other people who are doing well]]</nodisp>

Members & Diagnoses - [All patient interviews]

sallieq@undisclosed.example.com (sallieq) — Tue, 14 Jul 2020 02:09:08 +0000

Health, food and drink - [Zinc]

sallieq@undisclosed.example.com (sallieq) — Sun, 05 Jul 2020 04:43:02 +0000

Vitamin and mineral supplementation - [Minerals]

sallieq@undisclosed.example.com (sallieq) — Sun, 05 Jul 2020 04:39:39 +0000

Autoimmunity Research Foundation - old revision restored (07.23.2015)

sallieq@undisclosed.example.com (sallieq) — Fri, 29 May 2020 23:13:45 +0000

05.29.2020		current
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	====== Autoimmunity Research Foundation ======		====== Autoimmunity Research Foundation ======

-	The [[http://autoimmunityresearch.org\|Autoimmunity Research Foundation]] is a California-based non-profit organization formed to conduct scientific research into the cause and cure of autoimmune and other chronic non-autoimmune diseases, and to instruct the public on subjects related to disease, useful to individuals and beneficial to the community.	+	The [[https://autoimmunityresearch.org\|Autoimmunity Research Foundation]] is a California-based non-profit organization formed to conduct scientific research into the cause and cure of autoimmune and other chronic non-autoimmune diseases, and to instruct the public on subjects related to disease, useful to individuals and beneficial to the community.
-		+	* [[https://autoimmunityresearch.org/vision/about/\|About the Foundation]]
	* [[https://www.youtube.com/user/DrTrevorMarshall?feature=watch/\|Video Resources]]		* [[https://www.youtube.com/user/DrTrevorMarshall?feature=watch/\|Video Resources]]

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09.03.2020		current
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-	Many vitamin D studies suffer from methodological errors including [[home:pathogenesis:vitamind:observational_bias\|bias inherent to using self-selected subjects]] and [[home:pathogenesis:vitamind:longterm\|insufficient followup]], but perhaps their most egregious liability comes in mistaking correlation for causation. (({{pubmed>long:27610068}}))	+	Many vitamin D studies suffer from methodological errors including [[home:pathogenesis:vitamind:observational_bias\|bias inherent to using self-selected subjects]] and [[home:pathogenesis:vitamind:longterm\|insufficient followup]], but perhaps their most egregious liability comes in mistaking correlation for causation. (({{pmid>long:27610068}}))

-	It's undisputed that a wide array of studies point to the fact that 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-D) – typically referred to in the media as vitamin D – is low in people with numerous chronic inflammatory diseases. However, these studies fail to prove that low 25-D //causes// disease. Even so, some studies assume that doubling serum levels of 25-D would drastically reduce mortality.(({{pubmed>long:21731036}}))	+	It's undisputed that a wide array of studies point to the fact that 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-D) – typically referred to in the media as vitamin D – is low in people with numerous chronic inflammatory diseases. However, these studies fail to prove that low 25-D //causes// disease. Even so, some studies assume that doubling serum levels of 25-D would drastically reduce mortality.(({{pmid>long:21731036}}))

	In fact, molecular science has revealed that the levels of the vitamin D metabolites through a [[home:pathogenesis:vitamind:mechanisms\|series of intricate and carefully controlled feedback pathways]], mechanisms that belie the simplistic first-order mass-action model used to guide the short-sighted vitamin studies. Also, epidemiological evidence suggests that while 25-D is low in chronic disease, 1,25-D (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D) tends to be very high, an observation which is at odds with the theory that vitamin D deficiency causes or exacerbates disease.		In fact, molecular science has revealed that the levels of the vitamin D metabolites through a [[home:pathogenesis:vitamind:mechanisms\|series of intricate and carefully controlled feedback pathways]], mechanisms that belie the simplistic first-order mass-action model used to guide the short-sighted vitamin studies. Also, epidemiological evidence suggests that while 25-D is low in chronic disease, 1,25-D (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D) tends to be very high, an observation which is at odds with the theory that vitamin D deficiency causes or exacerbates disease.
Line 14:		Line 14:
	<blockquote>There have been lots of observational studied showing an association between various diseases and vitamin D deficiency, but there is not any evidence yet that that is a casual relationship… it may be that vitamin D deficiency is a marker of ill health.		<blockquote>There have been lots of observational studied showing an association between various diseases and vitamin D deficiency, but there is not any evidence yet that that is a casual relationship… it may be that vitamin D deficiency is a marker of ill health.

-	//Dr. Ruth McQuillan, [[http://www.nutraingredients.com/Product-Categories/Vitamins-premixes/Scottish-islands-selected-for-new-vitamin-D-study\|University of Edinburgh]]//</blockquote>	+	//Dr. Ruth McQuillan, [[https://www.nutraingredients.com/Product-Categories/Vitamins-premixes/Scottish-islands-selected-for-new-vitamin-D-study\|University of Edinburgh]]//</blockquote>

	[{{ :home:pathogenesis:vitamind:enhanced-buzz-9201-1313871611-3.jpeg?350\|A classic mistake in correlation vs. causation. This vintage advertisement implies that children are skinny because they eat and drink sugar. In the current age of skyrocketing obesity rates, sugar probably gets more blame than it deserves, but no one would say that sugar protects against obesity.}}]		[{{ :home:pathogenesis:vitamind:enhanced-buzz-9201-1313871611-3.jpeg?350\|A classic mistake in correlation vs. causation. This vintage advertisement implies that children are skinny because they eat and drink sugar. In the current age of skyrocketing obesity rates, sugar probably gets more blame than it deserves, but no one would say that sugar protects against obesity.}}]
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	There are a number of examples where low levels of a substance are known to be associated with but not cause disease.		There are a number of examples where low levels of a substance are known to be associated with but not cause disease.
-	* Folic acid – Low levels of folic acid often lead to an increase in the amino acid homocysteine – a compound that at high levels has been linked to increased incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Yet, extensive studies have revealed that giving patients with CVD folic acid supplements does not lower levels of homocysteine, and that high levels of homocysteine in patients with CVD is simply a result of the disease process.(({{pubmed>long:17309931}}))	+	* Folic acid – Low levels of folic acid often lead to an increase in the amino acid homocysteine – a compound that at high levels has been linked to increased incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Yet, extensive studies have revealed that giving patients with CVD folic acid supplements does not lower levels of homocysteine, and that high levels of homocysteine in patients with CVD is simply a result of the disease process.(({{pmid>long:17309931}}))
-	* Estradiol – In a recent study, both low and high serum levels of estradiol (a type of sex hormone), compared with mid-range levels, are significantly and independently associated with increased all-cause mortality in men with chronic systolic heart failure.(({{pubmed>long:19436016}})) Yet, lead author Dr. Ewa Jankowska would quickly dismiss the idea that supplementation with estradiol reduces the risk of heart failure.	+	* Estradiol – In a recent study, both low and high serum levels of estradiol (a type of sex hormone), compared with mid-range levels, are significantly and independently associated with increased all-cause mortality in men with chronic systolic heart failure.(({{pmid>long:19436016}})) Yet, lead author Dr. Ewa Jankowska would quickly dismiss the idea that supplementation with estradiol reduces the risk of heart failure.

	<blockquote>Of course, the study does not suggest that low and high estradiol concentrations themselves were the cause of increased mortality.		<blockquote>Of course, the study does not suggest that low and high estradiol concentrations themselves were the cause of increased mortality.
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-	Even among those who support widespread supplementation with vitamin D on the basis of the "deficiency" studies, there is wide acknowledgement that the understanding of vitamin D metabolism is “imprecise.”(({{pubmed>long:17867374}}))	+	Even among those who support widespread supplementation with vitamin D on the basis of the "deficiency" studies, there is wide acknowledgement that the understanding of vitamin D metabolism is “imprecise.”(({{pmid>long:17867374}}))

-	Causation should never be assumed to be self-evident.(({{pubmed>long:11080970}})) Rigorous analysis is required, especially for a system as complicated as vitamin D metabolism.	+	Causation should never be assumed to be self-evident.(({{pmid>long:11080970}})) Rigorous analysis is required, especially for a system as complicated as vitamin D metabolism.

	<blockquote>Actually, there is no experience of causation: events do not wear their causal credentials on their faces.		<blockquote>Actually, there is no experience of causation: events do not wear their causal credentials on their faces.

-	//L.R. Karhausen// (({{pubmed>long:11080970}}))</blockquote>	+	//L.R. Karhausen// (({{pmid>long:11080970}}))</blockquote>

-	In the absence of an understanding grounded in molecular and clinical evidence, the comprehension of how vitamin D affects disease becomes "black box epidemiology." (({{pubmed>long:11080970}}))	+	In the absence of an understanding grounded in molecular and clinical evidence, the comprehension of how vitamin D affects disease becomes "black box epidemiology." (({{pmid>long:11080970}}))


Line 46:		Line 46:
	* sunshine exposure causes teenage pregnancy		* sunshine exposure causes teenage pregnancy

-	{{:home:pathogenesis:vitamind:teenpregnancy.001.gif\|Image from American Human Development Project of the Social Science Research Council. URL: http://measureofamerica.org/maps/}}	+	{{:home:pathogenesis:vitamind:teenpregnancy.001.gif\|Image from American Human Development Project of the Social Science Research Council. URL: https://measureofamerica.org/maps/}}


Line 69:		Line 69:
	The practice of failing to measure 1,25-D is pervasive: the NIH continues to accept studies and a number of journals continue to publish papers.		The practice of failing to measure 1,25-D is pervasive: the NIH continues to accept studies and a number of journals continue to publish papers.

-	Further, mistaking 1,25-D for other forms is more common than one might think. A 2011 study actually gave "cholecalciferol" but called it elsewhere "1,25-dihydroxyvitamin-D."(({{pubmed>long:22004229}}))	+	Further, mistaking 1,25-D for other forms is more common than one might think. A 2011 study actually gave "cholecalciferol" but called it elsewhere "1,25-dihydroxyvitamin-D."(({{pmid>long:22004229}}))

	One of the reasons that 1,25-D isn't measured may be that it is harder to test. But another reason may be that a high 1,25-D is inconsistent with reports of vitamin D "deficiency." How can patients be said to be "deficient" in vitamin D when one of its metabolites, 1,25-D, is often several standard deviations greater than normal?		One of the reasons that 1,25-D isn't measured may be that it is harder to test. But another reason may be that a high 1,25-D is inconsistent with reports of vitamin D "deficiency." How can patients be said to be "deficient" in vitamin D when one of its metabolites, 1,25-D, is often several standard deviations greater than normal?
Line 81:		Line 81:
	{{tag>pathogenesis Science_behind_vitamin_D Study_Design}}		{{tag>pathogenesis Science_behind_vitamin_D Study_Design}}

		+	[[https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2667071\|Association Between Calcium or Vitamin D Supplementation and Fracture Incidence in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
		+	]]



		+	<nodisp>
	===== Notes and comments =====		===== Notes and comments =====

-	broken link [[http://www.theheart.org/article/971237.do\|Heartwire]]	+	broken link [[https://www.theheart.org/article/971237.do\|Heartwire]]

	* Jigsaw suggests:		* Jigsaw suggests:
Line 101:		Line 103:
	Last edited on 18 Jul 2013 04:46 pm by Jigsaw		Last edited on 18 Jul 2013 04:46 pm by Jigsaw

-	===== References =====	+	===== References =====</nodisp>

07.14.2020		current
Line 5:		Line 5:
	==== All patient interviews ====		==== All patient interviews ====

-	//N.B.// Patient interviews no longer available	+	//N.B.// Patient interviews no longer available
	===== Attention Deficit =====		===== Attention Deficit =====

-	* [[http://bacteriality.com/2008/03/15/interview18/\|Interview with Doreen V. - autism, ADHD depression, severe anxiety, CFS]]	+	* [[https://bacteriality.com/2008/03/15/interview18/\|Interview with Doreen V. - autism, ADHD depression, severe anxiety, CFS]]


	===== Anxiety =====		===== Anxiety =====

-	* [[http://bacteriality.com/2008/03/15/interview18/\|Interview with Doreen V. - autism, ADHD depression, severe anxiety, CFS]]	+	* [[https://bacteriality.com/2008/03/15/interview18/\|Interview with Doreen V. - autism, ADHD depression, severe anxiety, CFS]]


	===== Arthritis =====		===== Arthritis =====

-	* [[http://bacteriality.com/2007/09/01/interview2/\|Interview with Ival Meyer - Arthritis, dyslexia]]	+	* [[https://bacteriality.com/2007/09/01/interview2/\|Interview with Ival Meyer - Arthritis, dyslexia]]

-	* [[http://bacteriality.com/2008/06/03/interview21/\|Interview with Roy P. - sarcoidosis, rheumatoid arthritis]]	+	* [[https://bacteriality.com/2008/06/03/interview21/\|Interview with Roy P. - sarcoidosis, rheumatoid arthritis]]


	===== Atrial fibrillation =====		===== Atrial fibrillation =====

-	* [[http://bacteriality.com/2008/01/18/interview15/\|Interview with Freddie Ash - Sarcoidosis of the heart, coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation]]	+	* [[https://bacteriality.com/2008/01/18/interview15/\|Interview with Freddie Ash - Sarcoidosis of the heart, coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation]]


	===== Autism =====		===== Autism =====

-	* [[http://bacteriality.com/2008/03/15/interview18/\|Interview with Doreen V. - autism, ADHD depression, severe anxiety, CFS]]	+	* [[https://bacteriality.com/2008/03/15/interview18/\|Interview with Doreen V. - autism, ADHD depression, severe anxiety, CFS]]


	===== Babesia =====		===== Babesia =====

-	* [[http://bacteriality.com/2007/09/22/interview3/\|Interview with Sue Andorn - Lyme, Babesia]]	+	* [[https://bacteriality.com/2007/09/22/interview3/\|Interview with Sue Andorn - Lyme, Babesia]]


	===== Bartonella (cat scratch disease) =====		===== Bartonella (cat scratch disease) =====

-	* [[http://bacteriality.com/2007/11/19/interview13/\|Interview with Sherry Cook - Sarcoidosis, Cat Scratch Fever, Restless Leg Syndrome]]	+	* [[https://bacteriality.com/2007/11/19/interview13/\|Interview with Sherry Cook - Sarcoidosis, Cat Scratch Fever, Restless Leg Syndrome]]


	===== Cancer =====		===== Cancer =====

-	* [[http://bacteriality.com/2008/07/18/interview24/\|Interview with Gene Johnson - sarcoidosis, bladder cancer]]	+	* [[https://bacteriality.com/2008/07/18/interview24/\|Interview with Gene Johnson - sarcoidosis, bladder cancer]]


	===== CFS (chronic fatigue syndrome) =====		===== CFS (chronic fatigue syndrome) =====

-	* [[http://bacteriality.com/2007/11/10/interview10/\|Interview with Paul Albert - CFS, depression, food sensitivities]]. [[http://www.marshallprotocol.com/view_user.php?id=41&posts=1\|Recent posts by PaulAlbert]].	+	* [[https://bacteriality.com/2007/11/10/interview10/\|Interview with Paul Albert - CFS, depression, food sensitivities]]. [[https://www.marshallprotocol.com/view_user.php?id=41&posts=1\|Recent posts by PaulAlbert]].

-	* [[http://bacteriality.com/2007/11/08/interview8/\|Interview with Carole Morgan - Sarcoidosis, fibromyalgia, CFS]]	+	* [[https://bacteriality.com/2007/11/08/interview8/\|Interview with Carole Morgan - Sarcoidosis, fibromyalgia, CFS]]

-	* [[http://bacteriality.com/2008/05/23/interview20/\|Interview with Peter de Jager: chronic fatigue syndrome, multiple chemical sensitivity]]	+	* [[https://bacteriality.com/2008/05/23/interview20/\|Interview with Peter de Jager: chronic fatigue syndrome, multiple chemical sensitivity]]


	===== Chronic spinal inflammation =====		===== Chronic spinal inflammation =====

-	* [[http://bacteriality.com/2007/12/28/interview14/\|Interview with P. Bear R.N. – Chronic Borreliosis (”Lyme”), MCS (multiple chemical sensitivities), Chronic Spinal Inflammation, Peripheral Neuropathy]]	+	* [[https://bacteriality.com/2007/12/28/interview14/\|Interview with P. Bear R.N. – Chronic Borreliosis (”Lyme”), MCS (multiple chemical sensitivities), Chronic Spinal Inflammation, Peripheral Neuropathy]]


	===== Coronary artery disease =====		===== Coronary artery disease =====

-	* [[http://bacteriality.com/2008/01/18/interview15/\|Interview with Freddie Ash - Sarcoidosis of the heart, coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation]]	+	* [[https://bacteriality.com/2008/01/18/interview15/\|Interview with Freddie Ash - Sarcoidosis of the heart, coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation]]

	===== Depression =====		===== Depression =====

-	* [[http://bacteriality.com/2007/11/10/interview10/\|Interview with Paul Albert - CFS, depression, food sensitivities]]. [[http://www.marshallprotocol.com/view_user.php?id=41&posts=1\|Recent posts by PaulAlbert]].	+	* [[https://bacteriality.com/2007/11/10/interview10/\|Interview with Paul Albert - CFS, depression, food sensitivities]]. [[https://www.marshallprotocol.com/view_user.php?id=41&posts=1\|Recent posts by PaulAlbert]].


	===== Diabetes =====		===== Diabetes =====

-	* [[http://bacteriality.com/2008/06/19/interview22/\|Interview with Chris Eastlund - diabetes, sarcoidosis, irritable bowel syndrome]]	+	* [[https://bacteriality.com/2008/06/19/interview22/\|Interview with Chris Eastlund - diabetes, sarcoidosis, irritable bowel syndrome]]


	===== Dyslexia =====		===== Dyslexia =====

-	* [[http://bacteriality.com/2007/09/01/interview2/\|Interview with Ival Meyer - Arthritis, dyslexia]]	+	* [[https://bacteriality.com/2007/09/01/interview2/\|Interview with Ival Meyer - Arthritis, dyslexia]]


	===== EMF sensitivities =====		===== EMF sensitivities =====

-	* [[http://www.marshallprotocol.com/view_user.php?id=12432&posts=1\|Recent posts by mvanwink5]]	+	* [[https://www.marshallprotocol.com/view_user.php?id=12432&posts=1\|Recent posts by mvanwink5]]

	===== Fibromyalgia =====		===== Fibromyalgia =====

-	* [[http://bacteriality.com/2007/11/08/interview8/\|Interview with Carole Morgan - Sarcoidosis, fibromyalgia, CFS]]	+	* [[https://bacteriality.com/2007/11/08/interview8/\|Interview with Carole Morgan - Sarcoidosis, fibromyalgia, CFS]]


	===== Food sensitivities =====		===== Food sensitivities =====

-	* [[http://bacteriality.com/2007/11/10/interview10/\|Interview with Paul Albert - CFS, depression, food sensitivities]]. [[http://www.marshallprotocol.com/view_user.php?id=41&posts=1\|Recent posts by PaulAlbert]].	+	* [[https://bacteriality.com/2007/11/10/interview10/\|Interview with Paul Albert - CFS, depression, food sensitivities]]. [[https://www.marshallprotocol.com/view_user.php?id=41&posts=1\|Recent posts by PaulAlbert]].


	===== Insomnia =====		===== Insomnia =====

-	* [[http://bacteriality.com/2007/08/10/interview1/\|Interview with Guss Wilkinson - Sarcoidosis, psoriasis, insomnia]]	+	* [[https://bacteriality.com/2007/08/10/interview1/\|Interview with Guss Wilkinson - Sarcoidosis, psoriasis, insomnia]]


	===== Irritable bowel syndrome =====		===== Irritable bowel syndrome =====

-	* [[http://bacteriality.com/2008/02/17/interview16/\|Interview with Melinda Stiles – Lyme, Irritable bowel syndrome/colitis, Radiculitis (inflammation of the nerve roots)]]	+	* [[https://bacteriality.com/2008/02/17/interview16/\|Interview with Melinda Stiles – Lyme, Irritable bowel syndrome/colitis, Radiculitis (inflammation of the nerve roots)]]

-	* [[http://bacteriality.com/2008/06/19/interview22/\|Interview with Chris Eastlund - diabetes, sarcoidosis, irritable bowel syndrome]]	+	* [[https://bacteriality.com/2008/06/19/interview22/\|Interview with Chris Eastlund - diabetes, sarcoidosis, irritable bowel syndrome]]


	===== Lupus =====		===== Lupus =====

-	* [[http://bacteriality.com/2008/07/02/interview23/\|Interview with Bonnie B - lupus, Sjogren’s Syndrome]]	+	* [[https://bacteriality.com/2008/07/02/interview23/\|Interview with Bonnie B - lupus, Sjogren’s Syndrome]]


	===== Lyme disease =====		===== Lyme disease =====

-	* [[http://bacteriality.com/2007/09/22/interview3/\|Interview with Sue Andorn - Lyme, Babesia]]	+	* [[https://bacteriality.com/2007/09/22/interview3/\|Interview with Sue Andorn - Lyme, Babesia]]

-	* [[http://bacteriality.com/2007/10/28/interview6/\|Interview with Robyn Russell - Lyme, myoclonus]]	+	* [[https://bacteriality.com/2007/10/28/interview6/\|Interview with Robyn Russell - Lyme, myoclonus]]

-	* [[http://bacteriality.com/2007/12/28/interview14/\|Interview with P. Bear R.N. – Chronic Borreliosis (”Lyme”), MCS (multiple chemical sensitivities), Chronic Spinal Inflammation, Peripheral Neuropathy]]	+	* [[https://bacteriality.com/2007/12/28/interview14/\|Interview with P. Bear R.N. – Chronic Borreliosis (”Lyme”), MCS (multiple chemical sensitivities), Chronic Spinal Inflammation, Peripheral Neuropathy]]

-	* [[http://bacteriality.com/2008/02/17/interview16/\|Interview with Melinda Stiles – Lyme, Irritable bowel syndrome/colitis, Radiculitis (inflammation of the nerve roots)]]	+	* [[https://bacteriality.com/2008/02/17/interview16/\|Interview with Melinda Stiles – Lyme, Irritable bowel syndrome/colitis, Radiculitis (inflammation of the nerve roots)]]

-	* [[http://bacteriality.com/2008/03/31/interview19/\|Interview with Ken L. - Post Treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome (PTLDS)]]	+	* [[https://bacteriality.com/2008/03/31/interview19/\|Interview with Ken L. - Post Treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome (PTLDS)]]

-	* [[http://www.marshallprotocol.com/view_user.php?id=4677&posts=1\|Recent posts by jcocain]] - Lyme	+	* [[https://www.marshallprotocol.com/view_user.php?id=4677&posts=1\|Recent posts by jcocain]] - Lyme


	===== MCS (multiple chemical sensitivities) =====		===== MCS (multiple chemical sensitivities) =====

-	* [[http://bacteriality.com/2007/12/28/interview14/\|Interview with P. Bear R.N. – Chronic Borreliosis (”Lyme”), MCS (multiple chemical sensitivities), Chronic Spinal Inflammation, Peripheral Neuropathy]]	+	* [[https://bacteriality.com/2007/12/28/interview14/\|Interview with P. Bear R.N. – Chronic Borreliosis (”Lyme”), MCS (multiple chemical sensitivities), Chronic Spinal Inflammation, Peripheral Neuropathy]]

-	* [[http://bacteriality.com/2008/05/23/interview20/\|Interview with Peter de Jager: chronic fatigue syndrome, multiple chemical sensitivity]]	+	* [[https://bacteriality.com/2008/05/23/interview20/\|Interview with Peter de Jager: chronic fatigue syndrome, multiple chemical sensitivity]]


	===== Myoclonus =====		===== Myoclonus =====

-	* [[http://bacteriality.com/2007/10/28/interview6/\|Interview with Robyn Russell - Lyme, myoclonus]]	+	* [[https://bacteriality.com/2007/10/28/interview6/\|Interview with Robyn Russell - Lyme, myoclonus]]


	===== OCD (obsessive compulsive disorder) =====		===== OCD (obsessive compulsive disorder) =====

-	* [[http://bacteriality.com/2007/11/10/interview9/\|Interview with Julia Grier — Sarcoidosis, OCD, uveitis]]	+	* [[https://bacteriality.com/2007/11/10/interview9/\|Interview with Julia Grier — Sarcoidosis, OCD, uveitis]]

	===== Peripheral Neuropathy =====		===== Peripheral Neuropathy =====

-	* [[http://bacteriality.com/2007/12/28/interview14/\|Interview with P. Bear R.N. – Chronic Borreliosis (”Lyme”), MCS (multiple chemical sensitivities), Chronic Spinal Inflammation, Peripheral Neuropathy]]	+	* [[https://bacteriality.com/2007/12/28/interview14/\|Interview with P. Bear R.N. – Chronic Borreliosis (”Lyme”), MCS (multiple chemical sensitivities), Chronic Spinal Inflammation, Peripheral Neuropathy]]


	===== Psoriasis =====		===== Psoriasis =====

-	* [[http://bacteriality.com/2007/08/10/interview1/\|Interview with Guss Wilkinson - Sarcoidosis, psoriasis, insomnia]]	+	* [[https://bacteriality.com/2007/08/10/interview1/\|Interview with Guss Wilkinson - Sarcoidosis, psoriasis, insomnia]]


	===== Radiculitis =====		===== Radiculitis =====

-	* [[http://bacteriality.com/2008/02/17/interview16/\|Interview with Melinda Stiles – Lyme, Irritable bowel syndrome/colitis, Radiculitis (inflammation of the nerve roots)]]	+	* [[https://bacteriality.com/2008/02/17/interview16/\|Interview with Melinda Stiles – Lyme, Irritable bowel syndrome/colitis, Radiculitis (inflammation of the nerve roots)]]


	===== Restless leg syndrome =====		===== Restless leg syndrome =====

-	* [[http://bacteriality.com/2007/11/19/interview13/\|Interview with Sherry Cook - Sarcoidosis, Cat Scratch Fever, Restless Leg Syndrome]]	+	* [[https://bacteriality.com/2007/11/19/interview13/\|Interview with Sherry Cook - Sarcoidosis, Cat Scratch Fever, Restless Leg Syndrome]]


	===== Sarcoidosis =====		===== Sarcoidosis =====

-	* [[http://bacteriality.com/2007/11/04/interview7/\|Interview with Shirley J. (Saj) - Sarcoidosis]]	+	* [[https://bacteriality.com/2007/11/04/interview7/\|Interview with Shirley J. (Saj) - Sarcoidosis]]

-	* [[http://bacteriality.com/2007/11/17/interview11/\|Interview with Mirek Wozga - sarcoidosis]]	+	* [[https://bacteriality.com/2007/11/17/interview11/\|Interview with Mirek Wozga - sarcoidosis]]

-	* [[http://bacteriality.com/2008/01/18/interview15/\|Interview with Freddie Ash - Sarcoidosis of the heart, coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation]]	+	* [[https://bacteriality.com/2008/01/18/interview15/\|Interview with Freddie Ash - Sarcoidosis of the heart, coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation]]

-	* [[http://bacteriality.com/2008/03/02/interview17/\|Interview with JST: Neurosarcoidosis, systemic sarcoidosis; spasticity, myasthenia, CNS dysfunction, joint pain, pulmonary, splenic and cardiac involvement]]	+	* [[https://bacteriality.com/2008/03/02/interview17/\|Interview with JST: Neurosarcoidosis, systemic sarcoidosis; spasticity, myasthenia, CNS dysfunction, joint pain, pulmonary, splenic and cardiac involvement]]

-	* [[http://bacteriality.com/2007/08/10/interview1/\|Interview with Guss Wilkinson - Sarcoidosis, psoriasis, insomnia]]	+	* [[https://bacteriality.com/2007/08/10/interview1/\|Interview with Guss Wilkinson - Sarcoidosis, psoriasis, insomnia]]

-	* [[http://bacteriality.com/2007/11/08/interview8/\|Interview with Carole Morgan - Sarcoidosis, fibromyalgia, CFS]]	+	* [[https://bacteriality.com/2007/11/08/interview8/\|Interview with Carole Morgan - Sarcoidosis, fibromyalgia, CFS]]

-	* [[http://bacteriality.com/2008/07/18/interview24/\|Interview with Gene Johnson - sarcoidosis, bladder cancer]]	+	* [[https://bacteriality.com/2008/07/18/interview24/\|Interview with Gene Johnson - sarcoidosis, bladder cancer]]

-	* [[http://bacteriality.com/2007/11/19/interview12/\|Interview with Leesa Shanahan - Sarcoidosis (Hedfort Syndrome), Uveitis]]	+	* [[https://bacteriality.com/2007/11/19/interview12/\|Interview with Leesa Shanahan - Sarcoidosis (Hedfort Syndrome), Uveitis]]

-	* [[http://bacteriality.com/2008/06/03/interview21/\|Interview with Roy P. - sarcoidosis, rheumatoid arthritis]]	+	* [[https://bacteriality.com/2008/06/03/interview21/\|Interview with Roy P. - sarcoidosis, rheumatoid arthritis]]

-	* [[http://bacteriality.com/2008/06/19/interview22/\|Interview with Chris Eastlund - diabetes, sarcoidosis, irritable bowel syndrome]]	+	* [[https://bacteriality.com/2008/06/19/interview22/\|Interview with Chris Eastlund - diabetes, sarcoidosis, irritable bowel syndrome]]

-	* [[http://www.marshallprotocol.com/view_user.php?id=10560&posts=1\|Recent posts by didierchretien]] - Sarcoidosis	+	* [[https://www.marshallprotocol.com/view_user.php?id=10560&posts=1\|Recent posts by didierchretien]] - Sarcoidosis


	===== Sjogren’s Syndrome =====		===== Sjogren’s Syndrome =====

-	* [[http://bacteriality.com/2008/07/02/interview23/\|Interview with Bonnie B - lupus, Sjogren’s Syndrome]]	+	* [[https://bacteriality.com/2008/07/02/interview23/\|Interview with Bonnie B - lupus, Sjogren’s Syndrome]]


	===== Uveitis =====		===== Uveitis =====

-	* [[http://bacteriality.com/2007/11/10/interview9/\|Interview with Julia Grier — Sarcoidosis, OCD, uveitis]]	+	* [[https://bacteriality.com/2007/11/10/interview9/\|Interview with Julia Grier — Sarcoidosis, OCD, uveitis]]

-	* [[http://bacteriality.com/2007/11/19/interview12/\|Interview with Leesa Shanahan - Sarcoidosis (Hedfort Syndrome), Uveitis]]	+	* [[https://bacteriality.com/2007/11/19/interview12/\|Interview with Leesa Shanahan - Sarcoidosis (Hedfort Syndrome), Uveitis]]


Line 204:		Line 204:


		+	<nodisp>
	===== Notes and comments =====		===== Notes and comments =====

Line 212:		Line 213:
	\\		\\
	TEMPLATES		TEMPLATES
-	* <nowiki>[[http://www.marshallprotocol.com/view_user.php?id=oooooo&posts=1\|Recent posts by ScreenNAME]] - DIAGNOSES</nowiki>	+	* <nowiki>[[https://www.marshallprotocol.com/view_user.php?id=oooooo&posts=1\|Recent posts by ScreenNAME]] - DIAGNOSES</nowiki>
	* <nowiki>[[interviewLINK\|InterviewTITLE]]</nowiki>		* <nowiki>[[interviewLINK\|InterviewTITLE]]</nowiki>
-	* <nowiki>[[interviewLINK\|InterviewTITLE]]. [[http://www.marshallprotocol.com/view_user.php?id=oooooo&posts=1\|Recent posts by ScreenNAME]]</nowiki>	+	* <nowiki>[[interviewLINK\|InterviewTITLE]]. [[https://www.marshallprotocol.com/view_user.php?id=oooooo&posts=1\|Recent posts by ScreenNAME]]</nowiki></nodisp>

04.28.2020		current
Line 144:		Line 144:
	Some trace elements are altered with chronic kidney disease. Selenium, zinc, and manganese tend to be wasted, and there is growing evidence that selenium deficiency is associated with mortality on dialysis.		Some trace elements are altered with chronic kidney disease. Selenium, zinc, and manganese tend to be wasted, and there is growing evidence that selenium deficiency is associated with mortality on dialysis.

-	Other trace elements accumulate, such as chromium, cobalt, lead, molybdenum, and vanadium.(({{pubmed>long:31296778}}))	+	Other trace elements accumulate, such as chromium, cobalt, lead, molybdenum, and vanadium.(({{pmid>long:31296778}}))

	see also [[home:othertreatments:colloidal_silver\|colloidal silver]]		see also [[home:othertreatments:colloidal_silver\|colloidal silver]]


-	Three main areas of research have been identified (//in chronic heart failure//): 1) magnesium, electrolytes and CHF; 2) the transcriptional and antioxidant effects of zinc, selenium, copper; 3) iron-deficiency anemia and CHF.(({{pubmed>long:31242838}}))	+	Three main areas of research have been identified (//in chronic heart failure//): 1) magnesium, electrolytes and CHF; 2) the transcriptional and antioxidant effects of zinc, selenium, copper; 3) iron-deficiency anemia and CHF.(({{pmid>long:31242838}}))


Line 155:		Line 155:
	=== Zinc ===		=== Zinc ===

-	Zinc is an essential trace element that is crucial for growth, development, and maintenance of immune function. Its influence reaches all organs and cell types, representing an integral component of approximately 10% of the human proteome, and encompassing hundreds of key enzymes and transcription factors. Zinc deficiency is strikingly common, affecting up to a quarter of the population in developing countries, but also affecting distinct populations in the developed world as a result of lifestyle, age, and disease-mediated factors. (({{pubmed>long:31305906}}))	+	Zinc is an essential trace element that is crucial for growth, development, and maintenance of immune function. Its influence reaches all organs and cell types, representing an integral component of approximately 10% of the human proteome, and encompassing hundreds of key enzymes and transcription factors. Zinc deficiency is strikingly common, affecting up to a quarter of the population in developing countries, but also affecting distinct populations in the developed world as a result of lifestyle, age, and disease-mediated factors. (({{pmid>long:31305906}}))

-	By modulating anti-inflammatory and antioxidant pathways, zinc supplementation is recommended for the treatment of several ailments, such as liver disease, male hypogonadism, cancers, heart disease (e.g. dyslipidemia) and central nervous system disorders; however, the topic of dietary vs. pharmacological doses of zinc remains controversial.(({{pubmed>long:31303527}}))	+	"angiotensin 2 receptor antagonists can result in an increased urinary excretion of zinc with subsequent systemic zinc deficiency" therefore those on Olmesartan may be excreting Zinc.

-	Results suggest that zinc deficiency is associated with the presence of prehypertension in apparently healthy subjects.(({{pubmed>long: 31262235}}))	+	//see// Braun LA, Rosenfeldt F. Pharmaco-nutrient interactions -a systematic review of zinc and antihypertensive therapy. Int J Clin Pract2013;67(8):717-25. doi: 10.1111/ijcp.12040 [published Online First: 2013/01/03
		+
		+	By modulating anti-inflammatory and antioxidant pathways, zinc supplementation is recommended for the treatment of several ailments, such as liver disease, male hypogonadism, cancers, heart disease (e.g. dyslipidemia) and central nervous system disorders; however, the topic of dietary vs. pharmacological doses of zinc remains controversial.(({{pmid>long:31303527}}))
		+
		+	Results suggest that zinc deficiency is associated with the presence of prehypertension in apparently healthy subjects.(({{pmid>long: 31262235}}))

	Zinc picolinate is easily absorbed, but this [[https://chrismasterjohnphd.com/lite-videos/2018/10/30/dont-recommend-zinc-picolinate/\|nutrition web site]] warns against it's use.		Zinc picolinate is easily absorbed, but this [[https://chrismasterjohnphd.com/lite-videos/2018/10/30/dont-recommend-zinc-picolinate/\|nutrition web site]] warns against it's use.
Line 168:		Line 172:
	=== Ca/Mg ratio ===		=== Ca/Mg ratio ===

-	Ca/Mg ratio imbalance is associated with prostatic hyperplasia(({{pubmed>long: 28284204}}))	+	Ca/Mg ratio imbalance is associated with prostatic hyperplasia(({{pmid>long: 28284204}}))

-	Ca:Mg rose from largely below 3.0 in 1994-5 to generally above or approaching 3.0 after 2000, coinciding with a sharp 2% rise in type 2 diabetes incidence and prevalence in the USA population and a 1994-2005 rise in colorectal cancer incidence among young white, non-Hispanic adult men and women in the USA.(({{pubmed>long:21233058}}))	+	Ca:Mg rose from largely below 3.0 in 1994-5 to generally above or approaching 3.0 after 2000, coinciding with a sharp 2% rise in type 2 diabetes incidence and prevalence in the USA population and a 1994-2005 rise in colorectal cancer incidence among young white, non-Hispanic adult men and women in the USA.(({{pmid>long:21233058}}))

-	findings suggested that increased Mg and decreased Ca and Ca/Mg in whole blood were correlated with metabolic syndrome in Chinese adults.(({{pubmed>long:27750224}}))	+	findings suggested that increased Mg and decreased Ca and Ca/Mg in whole blood were correlated with metabolic syndrome in Chinese adults.(({{pmid>long:27750224}}))


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	=== Iodine ===		=== Iodine ===

-	Iodine is necessary for thyroid function. (({{pubmed>long:28160243}}))	+	Iodine is necessary for thyroid function. (({{pmid>long:28160243}}))

	If your thyroid does not come good after some time on MP, get your Iodine status checked, An occasional drop of iodine may be warranted. Your doctor will advise.		If your thyroid does not come good after some time on MP, get your Iodine status checked, An occasional drop of iodine may be warranted. Your doctor will advise.
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	=== Selenium (trace element) ===		=== Selenium (trace element) ===

-	Association of Selenium (Se) deficiency, an essential trace element, has been found with human diseases.(({{pubmed>long:31223567}}))	+	Association of Selenium (Se) deficiency, an essential trace element, has been found with human diseases.(({{pmid>long:31223567}}))

-	Review of recent progress in large-scale and systematic analyses of the relationship between selenium status or selenoproteins and several complex diseases, mainly including population-based cohort studies and meta-analyses, genetic association studies, and some other omics-based studies. Advances in ionomics and its application in studying the interaction between selenium and other trace elements in human health and diseases are also discussed.(({{pubmed>long:31236815}}))	+	Review of recent progress in large-scale and systematic analyses of the relationship between selenium status or selenoproteins and several complex diseases, mainly including population-based cohort studies and meta-analyses, genetic association studies, and some other omics-based studies. Advances in ionomics and its application in studying the interaction between selenium and other trace elements in human health and diseases are also discussed.(({{pmid>long:31236815}}))


	Expression of some genes is changed with selenium deficiency. Consequently, growth and proliferation of cells, their movement, development, death, and survival, as well as the interaction between cells, the redox regulation of intracellular signaling cascades of inflammation and apoptosis, depend on the selenium status of the body.		Expression of some genes is changed with selenium deficiency. Consequently, growth and proliferation of cells, their movement, development, death, and survival, as well as the interaction between cells, the redox regulation of intracellular signaling cascades of inflammation and apoptosis, depend on the selenium status of the body.

-	Organic selenium compounds have a high bioavailability and, depending on their concentration, can act both as selenium donors to prevent selenium deficiency and as antitumor drugs due to their toxicity and participation in the regulation of signaling pathways of apoptosis. (({{pubmed>long: 31258141}}))	+	Organic selenium compounds have a high bioavailability and, depending on their concentration, can act both as selenium donors to prevent selenium deficiency and as antitumor drugs due to their toxicity and participation in the regulation of signaling pathways of apoptosis. (({{pmid>long: 31258141}}))


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	=== Boron (trace element) ===		=== Boron (trace element) ===

-	Via its effect on steroid hormones and interaction with mineral metabolism, boron may be involved in a number of clinical conditions such as arthritis. (({{pubmed>long:8140253}}))	+	Via its effect on steroid hormones and interaction with mineral metabolism, boron may be involved in a number of clinical conditions such as arthritis. (({{pmid>long:8140253}}))

	Experiments with boron supplementation or deprivation show that boron is involved in calcium and bone metabolism, and its effects are more marked when other nutrients (cholecalciferol, magnesium) are deficient. Boron supplementation increases the serum concentration of 17 beta-estradiol and testosterone but boron excess has toxic effects on reproductive function. Boron may be involved in cerebral function via its effects on the transport across membranes. It affects the synthesis of the extracellular matrix and is beneficial in wound healing.		Experiments with boron supplementation or deprivation show that boron is involved in calcium and bone metabolism, and its effects are more marked when other nutrients (cholecalciferol, magnesium) are deficient. Boron supplementation increases the serum concentration of 17 beta-estradiol and testosterone but boron excess has toxic effects on reproductive function. Boron may be involved in cerebral function via its effects on the transport across membranes. It affects the synthesis of the extracellular matrix and is beneficial in wound healing.
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	Usual dietary boron consumption in humans is 1-2 mg/day for adults.		Usual dietary boron consumption in humans is 1-2 mg/day for adults.

-	Boronated compounds have been shown to be potent anti-osteoporotic, anti-inflammatory, hypolipemic, anti-coagulant and anti-neoplastic agents both in vitro and in vivo in animals.(({{pubmed>long:9638606}}))	+	Boronated compounds have been shown to be potent anti-osteoporotic, anti-inflammatory, hypolipemic, anti-coagulant and anti-neoplastic agents both in vitro and in vivo in animals.(({{pmid>long:9638606}}))

	<blockquote>In reality the average intake in developed countries is 1-2 mg of boron per day. Institutionalized patients may receive only 0.25 mg of daily boron. Chemical fertilizers inhibit the uptake of boron from the soil: an organic apple grown in good soil may have 20 mg boron, but if grown with fertilizer it may have only 1 mg of boron. Fertilizers combined with poor food choices have greatly reduced our boron intake compared to 50 or 100 years ago.		<blockquote>In reality the average intake in developed countries is 1-2 mg of boron per day. Institutionalized patients may receive only 0.25 mg of daily boron. Chemical fertilizers inhibit the uptake of boron from the soil: an organic apple grown in good soil may have 20 mg boron, but if grown with fertilizer it may have only 1 mg of boron. Fertilizers combined with poor food choices have greatly reduced our boron intake compared to 50 or 100 years ago.
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	===== Research =====		===== Research =====

-	Considerations for best practices in studies of fiber or other dietary components and the intestinal microbiome. (({{pubmed>long: 30130151}}))	+	Considerations for best practices in studies of fiber or other dietary components and the intestinal microbiome. (({{pmid>long: 30130151}}))

-	Walnut Consumption Alters the Gastrointestinal Microbiota, Microbially Derived Secondary Bile Acids, and Health Markers in Healthy Adults(({{pubmed>long:29726951}}))	+	Walnut Consumption Alters the Gastrointestinal Microbiota, Microbially Derived Secondary Bile Acids, and Health Markers in Healthy Adults(({{pmid>long:29726951}}))

-	Almond Consumption and Processing Affects the Composition of the Gastrointestinal Microbiota of Healthy Adult Men and Women (({{pubmed>long: 9373513}}))	+	Almond Consumption and Processing Affects the Composition of the Gastrointestinal Microbiota of Healthy Adult Men and Women (({{pmid>long: 9373513}}))

-	Broccoli consumption affects the human gastrointestinal microbiota. Functional prediction revealed that broccoli consumption increased the pathways involved in the functions of the endocrine system (P=.05), transport and catabolism (P=.04), and energy metabolism (P=.01). (({{pubmed>long:30317146}}))	+	Broccoli consumption affects the human gastrointestinal microbiota. Functional prediction revealed that broccoli consumption increased the pathways involved in the functions of the endocrine system (P=.05), transport and catabolism (P=.04), and energy metabolism (P=.01). (({{pmid>long:30317146}}))


	Dietary fats influence risk of developing peripheral metabolic diseases and cognitive disorders such as Alzheimer?s disease (AD). Inflammation of the brain (neuroinflammation), a state associated with progressive neuronal loss, is known to be heightened in cognitive decline and obesity.		Dietary fats influence risk of developing peripheral metabolic diseases and cognitive disorders such as Alzheimer?s disease (AD). Inflammation of the brain (neuroinflammation), a state associated with progressive neuronal loss, is known to be heightened in cognitive decline and obesity.
-	[[http://grantome.com/grant/NIH/I01-BX004146-01A1\|Obesity and associated comorbidities such as metabolic syndrome and diabetes affect up to 48% of Veterans]]. We hypothesize that dietary fats alter microglial metabolism to directly trigger dysregulated brain immune responses.	+	[[https://grantome.com/grant/NIH/I01-BX004146-01A1\|Obesity and associated comorbidities such as metabolic syndrome and diabetes affect up to 48% of Veterans]]. We hypothesize that dietary fats alter microglial metabolism to directly trigger dysregulated brain immune responses.

	Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine at the Medical College of Georgia has specified that immune cells in the brain consume the synapses between brain neurons, when exposed to a high-fat diet.		Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine at the Medical College of Georgia has specified that immune cells in the brain consume the synapses between brain neurons, when exposed to a high-fat diet.
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	===== Other =====		===== Other =====

-	[[http://nautil.us/issue/30/identity/how-the-western-diet-has-derailed-our-evolution\|how-the-western-diet-has-derailed-our-evolution]]	+	[[https://nautil.us/issue/30/identity/how-the-western-diet-has-derailed-our-evolution\|how-the-western-diet-has-derailed-our-evolution]]

	* food avoidance diets – Some patients have reported sensitivities to certain foods. Avoiding foods containing, for example, lactose or gluten may offer a decrease in symptom severity. Patients who feel this may be relevant to them should consult with a nutritionist.		* food avoidance diets – Some patients have reported sensitivities to certain foods. Avoiding foods containing, for example, lactose or gluten may offer a decrease in symptom severity. Patients who feel this may be relevant to them should consult with a nutritionist.
-	* salt avoidance – not recommended given that the body seems to naturally regulate sodium levels independently. Salt is also critical for kidney health. Sodium is used by the kidneys to excrete potassium. (({{pubmed>long:19833911}})) (({{pubmed>long:22071811}})) (for more see the //Times// article [[http://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/03/opinion/sunday/we-only-think-we-know-the-truth-about-salt.html\|Salt, we misjudged you]]	+	* salt avoidance – not recommended given that the body seems to naturally regulate sodium levels independently. Salt is also critical for kidney health. Sodium is used by the kidneys to excrete potassium. (({{pmid>long:19833911}})) (({{pmid>long:22071811}})) (for more see the //Times// article [[https://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/03/opinion/sunday/we-only-think-we-know-the-truth-about-salt.html\|Salt, we misjudged you]]
	* fasting – Fasting is not part of the MP. It is unknown whether it provides harm or benefit to a person on the treatment.		* fasting – Fasting is not part of the MP. It is unknown whether it provides harm or benefit to a person on the treatment.

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	2018 [[https://www.cell.com/cell-metabolism/fulltext/S1550-4131(18)30313-9\|Intermittent Fasting Confers Protection in CNS Autoimmunity by Altering the Gut Microbiota]]		2018 [[https://www.cell.com/cell-metabolism/fulltext/S1550-4131(18)30313-9\|Intermittent Fasting Confers Protection in CNS Autoimmunity by Altering the Gut Microbiota]]
-	(({{pubmed>long: 29874567}}))	+	(({{pmid>long: 29874567}}))

-	2019 [[https://newatlas.com/gut-bacteria-microbiome-virus-infection-immune-brain-degeneration/60623/\|Gut bacteria found to help protect brain and central nervous system from harmful viruses]] (({{pubmed>long: 31309928}}))	+	2019 [[https://newatlas.com/gut-bacteria-microbiome-virus-infection-immune-brain-degeneration/60623/\|Gut bacteria found to help protect brain and central nervous system from harmful viruses]] (({{pmid>long: 31309928}}))

-	2012 The migrating motor complex: control mechanisms and its role in health and disease. (({{pubmed>long: 22450306}}))	+	2012 The migrating motor complex: control mechanisms and its role in health and disease. (({{pmid>long: 22450306}}))

-	2018 Short-Term, Intermittent Fasting Induces Long-Lasting Gut Health and TOR-Independent Lifespan Extension (({{pubmed>long:29779873}}))	+	2018 Short-Term, Intermittent Fasting Induces Long-Lasting Gut Health and TOR-Independent Lifespan Extension (({{pmid>long:29779873}}))


	{{tag>Food_and_drink foods drinks summary foods_to_avoid}}		{{tag>Food_and_drink foods drinks summary foods_to_avoid}}
		+	<nodisp>
	===== Notes and comments =====		===== Notes and comments =====

-	(({{pubmed>long:000}}))	+	(({{pmid>long:000}}))

	Gillyb's update TEXT without LINKS		Gillyb's update TEXT without LINKS
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	* Legacy content		* Legacy content
-	* http://www.marshallprotocol.com/view_topic.php?id=842&forum_id=2&jump_to=94231#p94231 e179	+	* https://www.marshallprotocol.com/view_topic.php?id=842&forum_id=2&jump_to=94231#p94231 e179
	*		*
-	=====References=====	+	=====References=====</nodisp>

07.05.2020		current
Line 5:		Line 5:
	With a couple of exceptions, it is unnecessary for most Marshall Protocol (MP) patients to supplement with vitamins or minerals. A balanced diet of [[home:food:real_foods\|whole foods]] usually offers a person all the nutrients needed for good health. While nutritional supplements including multivitamins are wildly popular, there is no solid evidence that they contribute to long-term health, reduce symptoms, or cure chronic disease.		With a couple of exceptions, it is unnecessary for most Marshall Protocol (MP) patients to supplement with vitamins or minerals. A balanced diet of [[home:food:real_foods\|whole foods]] usually offers a person all the nutrients needed for good health. While nutritional supplements including multivitamins are wildly popular, there is no solid evidence that they contribute to long-term health, reduce symptoms, or cure chronic disease.

-	Patients who are concerned that their diet is less than ideal should study the [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reference_Daily_Intake\|Reference Daily Intake]] (RDI) values of the standard nutrients against their diet to determine if they are deficient. Patients should not consume more nutrients than what is recommended than the RDI. Note that both vitamin D and supplemented (not naturally occurring) folic acid are contraindicated.	+	Patients who are concerned that their diet is less than ideal should study the [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reference_Daily_Intake\|Reference Daily Intake]] (RDI) values of the standard nutrients against their diet to determine if they are deficient. Patients should not consume more nutrients than what is recommended than the RDI. Note that both vitamin D and supplemented (not naturally occurring) folic acid are contraindicated.

	Multivitamins and B-complex vitamins can be purchased without vitamin D but they contain folic acid. In order to avoid added vitamin D and folic acid and or potentially immunomodulatory herbs, take each of the vitamins and minerals needed, if any, separately.		Multivitamins and B-complex vitamins can be purchased without vitamin D but they contain folic acid. In order to avoid added vitamin D and folic acid and or potentially immunomodulatory herbs, take each of the vitamins and minerals needed, if any, separately.
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	"angiotensin 2 receptor antagonists can result in an increased urinary excretion of zinc with subsequent systemic zinc deficiency" therefore those on Olmesartan may be excreting Zinc.		"angiotensin 2 receptor antagonists can result in an increased urinary excretion of zinc with subsequent systemic zinc deficiency" therefore those on Olmesartan may be excreting Zinc.

-	see Braun LA, Rosenfeldt F. Pharmaco-nutrient interactions -a systematic review of zinc and antihypertensive therapy. Int J Clin Pract2013;67(8):717-25. doi: 10.1111/ijcp.12040 [published Online First: 2013/01/03	+	//see// Braun LA, Rosenfeldt F. Pharmaco-nutrient interactions -a systematic review of zinc and antihypertensive therapy. Int J Clin Pract2013;67(8):717-25. doi: 10.1111/ijcp.12040 [published Online First: 2013/01/03
	==== Food sources ====		==== Food sources ====

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	===== No evidence of a therapeutic benefit =====		===== No evidence of a therapeutic benefit =====

-	According to a 2009 study, approximately 33% of US adults use multivitamin/multimineral supplements (another 50% use dietary supplements).(({{pubmed>long:18235127}}))	+	According to a 2009 study, approximately 33% of US adults use multivitamin/multimineral supplements (another 50% use dietary supplements).(({{pmid>long:18235127}}))

	Long-term studies on the use of multivitamins show that the pills tend not to protect against disease:		Long-term studies on the use of multivitamins show that the pills tend not to protect against disease:
-	* Supplements don't prevent infections in the elderly – A 2005 //BMJ// study said that there was "conflicting data" in their systematic review in the use of multivitamins and mineral supplements in preventing infections in elderly people.(({{pubmed>long:15805125}})) However, in [[http://www.bmj.com/content/331/7509/142.full\|an erratum]], the authors retroactively excluded three studies from their analysis and said there was "no benefit."	+	* Supplements don't prevent infections in the elderly – A 2005 //BMJ// study said that there was "conflicting data" in their systematic review in the use of multivitamins and mineral supplements in preventing infections in elderly people.(({{pmid>long:15805125}})) However, in [[https://www.bmj.com/content/331/7509/142.full\|an erratum]], the authors retroactively excluded three studies from their analysis and said there was "no benefit."
-	* Children who end up taking vitamins in the United States today don't actually need them - A 2009 //Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine// found that about one-third of American children ages 2 to 17 had used a vitamin or mineral supplement within the previous month, but that most of them did not need to supplement their diet.(({{pubmed>long:19188647}}))	+	* Children who end up taking vitamins in the United States today don't actually need them - A 2009 //Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine// found that about one-third of American children ages 2 to 17 had used a vitamin or mineral supplement within the previous month, but that most of them did not need to supplement their diet.(({{pmid>long:19188647}}))
-	* Increased risk of pre-term birth – Regular multivitamin-mineral supplement use during pregnancy, in a developed country setting, is not associated with size at birth. However, a 2010 study of British women found that daily multivitamin use in the third trimester was associated with preterm birth.(({{pubmed>long:20353456}}))	+	* Increased risk of pre-term birth – Regular multivitamin-mineral supplement use during pregnancy, in a developed country setting, is not associated with size at birth. However, a 2010 study of British women found that daily multivitamin use in the third trimester was associated with preterm birth.(({{pmid>long:20353456}}))


	==== Cancer ====		==== Cancer ====

-	Use of vitamin and mineral supplements among cancer survivors is widespread. In studies combining different cancer sites, 64% to 81% of survivors reported using any vitamin or mineral supplements and 26% to 77% reported using any multivitamins.(({{pubmed>long:18235127}})) However:	+	Use of vitamin and mineral supplements among cancer survivors is widespread. In studies combining different cancer sites, 64% to 81% of survivors reported using any vitamin or mineral supplements and 26% to 77% reported using any multivitamins.(({{pmid>long:18235127}})) However:
-	* Multivitamins don't protect against cancer – A study of more than 160,000 post-menopausal women, published in the //Archives of Internal Medicine// found that multivitamins did not prevent cancer, heart attacks, or strokes and did not reduce overall mortality.(({{pubmed>long:19204221}}))	+	* Multivitamins don't protect against cancer – A study of more than 160,000 post-menopausal women, published in the //Archives of Internal Medicine// found that multivitamins did not prevent cancer, heart attacks, or strokes and did not reduce overall mortality.(({{pmid>long:19204221}}))
-	* Multivitamins may increase breast cancer – A large prospective study of 35,329 cancer-free women found that multivitamin use was associated with a moderate but statistically significant increased risk of breast cancer (breast cancer survivors reported the highest use of multivitamins among cancer survivors(({{pubmed>long:18235127}}))) after an average follow-up of 9.5 years.(({{pubmed>long:20335555}})) After adjustment for breast cancer risk factors, women who used multivitamins had a 19% higher risk of breast cancer than those who did not use multivitamins.	+	* Multivitamins may increase breast cancer – A large prospective study of 35,329 cancer-free women found that multivitamin use was associated with a moderate but statistically significant increased risk of breast cancer (breast cancer survivors reported the highest use of multivitamins among cancer survivors(({{pmid>long:18235127}}))) after an average follow-up of 9.5 years.(({{pmid>long:20335555}})) After adjustment for breast cancer risk factors, women who used multivitamins had a 19% higher risk of breast cancer than those who did not use multivitamins.
-	* Vitamins don't protect against lung cancer – A 2008 prospective cohort of 77,721 men and women found that supplemental multivitamins, vitamin C, vitamin E, and folate were not associated with a decreased risk of lung cancer. Supplemental vitamin E was associated with a small increased risk.(({{pubmed>long:17989343}}))	+	* Vitamins don't protect against lung cancer – A 2008 prospective cohort of 77,721 men and women found that supplemental multivitamins, vitamin C, vitamin E, and folate were not associated with a decreased risk of lung cancer. Supplemental vitamin E was associated with a small increased risk.(({{pmid>long:17989343}}))


	==== Cardiovascular issues ====		==== Cardiovascular issues ====

-	Vitamin D supplementation is ineffective in improving cardiovascular health among various patient populations, including in the presence or absence of vitamin D deficiency. (({{pubmed>long:28229054}}))	+	Vitamin D supplementation is ineffective in improving cardiovascular health among various patient populations, including in the presence or absence of vitamin D deficiency. (({{pmid>long:28229054}}))


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	<relatedarticle> [[home:food:folic\|Folic acid and folate]]</article>		<relatedarticle> [[home:food:folic\|Folic acid and folate]]</article>

-	In a 2010 randomized controlled trial appearing in //JAMA//, the effect of high-dose vitamin B (folic acid, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12) on diabetics was studied. In the trial, those receiving the B vitamins had significantly greater worsening of kidney function, measured as GFR. (Glomerular filtration rate is the test used to measure the level of kidney function.) The participants also had twice as many heart and stroke incidents.(({{pubmed>long:20424250}}))	+	In a 2010 randomized controlled trial appearing in //JAMA//, the effect of high-dose vitamin B (folic acid, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12) on diabetics was studied. In the trial, those receiving the B vitamins had significantly greater worsening of kidney function, measured as GFR. (Glomerular filtration rate is the test used to measure the level of kidney function.) The participants also had twice as many heart and stroke incidents.(({{pmid>long:20424250}}))


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	===== Read more =====		===== Read more =====

-	* [[http://www.slate.com/id/2240688/\|The Vita Myth: Do supplements really do any good?]]	+	* [[https://www.slate.com/id/2240688/\|The Vita Myth: Do supplements really do any good?]]
-	* [[http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/03/health/03vitamins.html\|Children Who Take Vitamins Often Don’t Need Them]]	+	* [[https://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/03/health/03vitamins.html\|Children Who Take Vitamins Often Don’t Need Them]]
-	* [[http://www.slate.com/id/2234004/\|Megavitamins: the vitamin business thrived through the recession. Why?]]	+	* [[https://www.slate.com/id/2234004/\|Megavitamins: the vitamin business thrived through the recession. Why?]]


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		+	<nodisp>
	===== Notes and comments =====		===== Notes and comments =====

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	Vitamin B therapy dangerous for millions of diabetics with kidney disease		Vitamin B therapy dangerous for millions of diabetics with kidney disease
-	http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2010-04/uowo-vbt042210.php	+	https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2010-04/uowo-vbt042210.php

	Dr. David Spence of Western's Robarts Research Institute and his colleagues began their study of people with kidney disease, anticipating that people who received high dose vitamin B therapy (folic acid, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12) could see improved kidney function and fewer heart attacks and stroke, compared with those on placebos.		Dr. David Spence of Western's Robarts Research Institute and his colleagues began their study of people with kidney disease, anticipating that people who received high dose vitamin B therapy (folic acid, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12) could see improved kidney function and fewer heart attacks and stroke, compared with those on placebos.
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	<blockquote>B-vitamins and diabetic nephropathy		<blockquote>B-vitamins and diabetic nephropathy
-	http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/731177	+	https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/731177
-	http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8143940</blockquote>	+	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8143940</blockquote>

	Oral cholecalciferol 3000 IU/day does not affect arterial stiffness or blood pressure after 16 weeks of treatment in healthy normotensive adults. (({{pubmed 27509187}}))		Oral cholecalciferol 3000 IU/day does not affect arterial stiffness or blood pressure after 16 weeks of treatment in healthy normotensive adults. (({{pubmed 27509187}}))
-	=====References=====	+	=====References=====</nodisp>