Marshall Protocol Knowledge Base - home:tests

Test: 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-D)

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Wed, 14 Sep 2022 20:53:47 +0000

Test: 1,25-dihydroxvitamin D (1,25-D)

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Wed, 14 Sep 2022 20:53:47 +0000

Test: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE)

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Wed, 14 Sep 2022 20:53:47 +0000

01.03.2019		current
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-	ACE test is [[http://labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/ace/test.html\|described here]].	+	ACE test is [[https://labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/ace/test.html\|described here]].

	ACE or angiotensin-converting enzyme “Elevated ACE indicates the same as the 1,25-D and therefore adds nothing to the interpretation, except an increased level of confidence. On the other hand, if ACE is normal (as so many are), the ACE gives a decreased level of confidence. Nevertheless, if cost is not a factor, I always like to see as much data as I can.” Dr. Trevor Marshall, PhD		ACE or angiotensin-converting enzyme “Elevated ACE indicates the same as the 1,25-D and therefore adds nothing to the interpretation, except an increased level of confidence. On the other hand, if ACE is normal (as so many are), the ACE gives a decreased level of confidence. Nevertheless, if cost is not a factor, I always like to see as much data as I can.” Dr. Trevor Marshall, PhD
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-	[{{:home:medications:ace.gif\|ACE (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme) is a marker, which reflects the severity of inflammatory diseases such as sarcoidosis. In this graphic, taken from a [[http://bacteriality.com/2008/03/02/interview17/\|patient interview]] on Bacteriality, it's possible to see how one patient's ACE, waxed and waned over the course of the MP. Note that the ACE continued to fall.}}]	+	[{{:home:medications:ace.gif\|ACE (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme) is a marker, which reflects the severity of inflammatory diseases such as sarcoidosis. In this graphic, taken from a [[https://bacteriality.com/2008/03/02/interview17/\|patient interview]] on Bacteriality, it's possible to see how one patient's ACE, waxed and waned over the course of the MP. Note that the ACE continued to fall.}}]


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	<blockquote>Olmesartan Medoxomil 40mg q6hrs		<blockquote>Olmesartan Medoxomil 40mg q6hrs

-	It was seven years ago today I discovered http://www.sarcinfo.com and I now share wonderful news.	+	It was seven years ago today I discovered https://www.sarcinfo.com and I now share wonderful news.

	I had laboratory work done on 11/19/11 and my Angiotensin Converting Enzyme or ACE is now normal. It has been out of range since being diagnosed with sarcoidosis in December 2004.		I had laboratory work done on 11/19/11 and my Angiotensin Converting Enzyme or ACE is now normal. It has been out of range since being diagnosed with sarcoidosis in December 2004.
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	===== related =====		===== related =====

-	{{tag>arrange tests}}	+	{{tag>tests}}

		+	<nodisp>
	===== Notes and comments =====		===== Notes and comments =====
	TECH		TECH
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	<blockquote>Olmesartan Medoxomil 40mg q6hrs		<blockquote>Olmesartan Medoxomil 40mg q6hrs

-	It was seven years ago today I discovered http://www.sarcinfo.com and I now share wonderful news.	+	It was seven years ago today I discovered https://www.sarcinfo.com and I now share wonderful news.

	I had laboratory work done on 11/19/11 and my Angiotensin Converting Enzyme or ACE is now normal. It has been out of range since being diagnosed with sarcoidosis in December 2004.		I had laboratory work done on 11/19/11 and my Angiotensin Converting Enzyme or ACE is now normal. It has been out of range since being diagnosed with sarcoidosis in December 2004.
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-	===== References =====	+	===== References =====</nodisp>

Test: Colonoscopy

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Wed, 14 Sep 2022 20:53:47 +0000

01.03.2012		current
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		+
		+	{{tag>tests}}
	//jrfoutin, MarshallProtocol.com//</blockquote>		//jrfoutin, MarshallProtocol.com//</blockquote>

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		+	<nodisp>
	===== Notes and comments =====		===== Notes and comments =====

		+	</nodisp>

Test: C-Reactive Protein (CRP)

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Wed, 14 Sep 2022 20:53:47 +0000

01.09.2012		current
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	====== Test: C-Reactive Protein (CRP) ======		====== Test: C-Reactive Protein (CRP) ======

-	C-reactive protein (CRP) is an important and evolutionarily ancient component of the innate immune response.(({{pubmed>long:15198851}})) CRP has been described as "the prototypical acute-phase reactant to infections and inflammation in human beings." In the clinical setting, CRP is used "as a clinical indicator of acute infections and response to treatment, and to assess inflammatory status in chronic diseases."(({{pubmed>long:19000576}})) Initially it was thought that CRP might be a pathogenic secretion as it was elevated in people with a variety of illnesses including cancer.(({{pubmed>long:12813013}})) However, discovery of synthesis in the liver demonstrated that it is manufactured by the human body.	+	C-reactive protein (CRP) is an important and evolutionarily ancient component of the innate immune response.(({{pmid>long:15198851}})) CRP has been described as "the prototypical acute-phase reactant to infections and inflammation in human beings." In the clinical setting, CRP is used "as a clinical indicator of acute infections and response to treatment, and to assess inflammatory status in chronic diseases."(({{pmid>long:19000576}})) Initially it was thought that CRP might be a pathogenic secretion as it was elevated in people with a variety of illnesses including cancer.(({{pmid>long:12813013}})) However, discovery of synthesis in the liver demonstrated that it is manufactured by the human body.

-	The fact that CRP is an independent predictor of stroke and coronary artery disease but also a key contributor to effective bacterial clearance,(({{pubmed>long:16176663}})) underscores the importance of microbes in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Some patients on the Marshall Protocol (MP) have reported temporary increases in CRP, an observation which is consistent with a heightened immune response.	+	The fact that CRP is an independent predictor of stroke and coronary artery disease but also a key contributor to effective bacterial clearance,(({{pmid>long:16176663}})) underscores the importance of microbes in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Some patients on the Marshall Protocol (MP) have reported temporary increases in CRP, an observation which is consistent with a heightened immune response.

-	CRP's name comes from its capacity to bind the C-polysaccharide of //Streptococcus pneumoniae//, which provides innate defense against pneumococcal infection.(({{pubmed>long:12813013}}))	+	CRP's name comes from its capacity to bind the C-polysaccharide of //Streptococcus pneumoniae//, which provides innate defense against pneumococcal infection.(({{pmid>long:12813013}}))


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	===== Function =====		===== Function =====

-	[{{ :home:tests:crp_pretty.png?310\|C-reactive protein plays a key role in the body's immune response to pathogenic microbes. Source: [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-reactive_protein\|Wikipedia]]}}]	+	[{{ :home:tests:crp_pretty.png?310\|C-reactive protein plays a key role in the body's immune response to pathogenic microbes. Source: [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-reactive_protein\|Wikipedia]]}}]


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	* innate host defense – promotes phagocytosis by opsonizing bacteria (i.e. coating the microbe with antibodies or a complement protein so as to make it palatable to phagocytes)		* innate host defense – promotes phagocytosis by opsonizing bacteria (i.e. coating the microbe with antibodies or a complement protein so as to make it palatable to phagocytes)
	* clearance of damaged cells – binds phosphocholine expressed on the surface of dead or dying (i.e. apoptotic, necrotic) human and bacterial cells		* clearance of damaged cells – binds phosphocholine expressed on the surface of dead or dying (i.e. apoptotic, necrotic) human and bacterial cells
-	* regulation of the inflammatory response – may act through Fcgamma receptors to reduce inflammation and protect from certain autoimmune diseases(({{pubmed>long:15531769}}))	+	* regulation of the inflammatory response – may act through Fcgamma receptors to reduce inflammation and protect from certain autoimmune diseases(({{pmid>long:15531769}}))

-	During the acute phase response, levels of CRP rapidly increase up to 1000-fold, reaching a peak at 48 hours. With resolution of the acute phase response, CRP declines with a relatively short half-life of 18 hours.((//[[http://www.accessmedicine.com/resourceTOC.aspx?resourceID=38\|Current rheumatology diagnosis & treatment]]//. 2007. New York, Lange Medical Books/McGraw-Hill, Medical Pub. Division.))	+	During the acute phase response, levels of CRP rapidly increase up to 1000-fold, reaching a peak at 48 hours. With resolution of the acute phase response, CRP declines with a relatively short half-life of 18 hours.((//[[https://www.accessmedicine.com/resourceTOC.aspx?resourceID=38\|Current rheumatology diagnosis & treatment]]//. 2007. New York, Lange Medical Books/McGraw-Hill, Medical Pub. Division.))


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	CRP has been shown to be generated in response to several gram-negative species of bacteria including:		CRP has been shown to be generated in response to several gram-negative species of bacteria including:

-	* //Chlamydia pneumoniae// – Johnson //et al.// showed that the presence of viable //C. pneumoniae// in patients who underwent endarterectomy for carotid artery stenosis independently predicted C-reactive protein levels.(({{pubmed>long:11739967}}))	+	* //Chlamydia pneumoniae// – Johnson //et al.// showed that the presence of viable //C. pneumoniae// in patients who underwent endarterectomy for carotid artery stenosis independently predicted C-reactive protein levels.(({{pmid>long:11739967}}))
-	* //Psuedomonas aeruginosa// – Ng //et al.// used a horseshoe crab animal model to demonstrate that serum levels of CRP are upregulated by about 60-fold in 6-48 hours after infection with the gram-negative bacterial pathogen, //P. aeruginosa//.(({{pubmed>long:15198851}}))	+	* //Psuedomonas aeruginosa// – Ng //et al.// used a horseshoe crab animal model to demonstrate that serum levels of CRP are upregulated by about 60-fold in 6-48 hours after infection with the gram-negative bacterial pathogen, //P. aeruginosa//.(({{pmid>long:15198851}}))

	Of course, one of the structural components of gram-negative bacteria are endotoxins, the bioavailability of which leads to the immunopathological reaction as described by the Marshall Pathogenesis.		Of course, one of the structural components of gram-negative bacteria are endotoxins, the bioavailability of which leads to the immunopathological reaction as described by the Marshall Pathogenesis.
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	C-reactive protein is a predictor of:		C-reactive protein is a predictor of:
-	* long-term risk of heart attack and stroke in apparently healthy men and women(({{pubmed>long:8797513}})) (({{pubmed>long:9727541}})) (({{pubmed>long:9077376}}))	+	* long-term risk of heart attack and stroke in apparently healthy men and women(({{pmid>long:8797513}})) (({{pmid>long:9727541}})) (({{pmid>long:9077376}}))
-	* risk of cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease(({{pubmed>long:11036126}}))	+	* risk of cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease(({{pmid>long:11036126}}))
-	* development of hypertension(({{pubmed>long:14665655}}))	+	* development of hypertension(({{pmid>long:14665655}}))

-	The association between serum C-reactive protein levels and subsequent risk of stroke, heart attack, and death from cardiac causes supports the importance of inflammation and chronic infection in the pathogenesis of cerebrovascular and coronary artery disease.(({{pubmed>long:9887164}})) (({{pubmed>long:11036126}}))	+	The association between serum C-reactive protein levels and subsequent risk of stroke, heart attack, and death from cardiac causes supports the importance of inflammation and chronic infection in the pathogenesis of cerebrovascular and coronary artery disease.(({{pmid>long:9887164}})) (({{pmid>long:11036126}}))

-	Because there are a large number of disparate conditions that can induce CRP production, an elevated CRP level does not have diagnostic specificity.(({{pubmed>long:16818927}}))	+	Because there are a large number of disparate conditions that can induce CRP production, an elevated CRP level does not have diagnostic specificity.(({{pmid>long:16818927}}))

	A more sensitive CRP test, called a highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) assay, is available to determine heart disease risk.		A more sensitive CRP test, called a highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) assay, is available to determine heart disease risk.
	===== Other diseases =====		===== Other diseases =====

-	In addition to the blood serum, CRP has also been detected in the cerebrospinal fluid,(({{pubmed>long:11861461}})) which suggests the protein could be secreted in response to microbial infection.	+	In addition to the blood serum, CRP has also been detected in the cerebrospinal fluid,(({{pmid>long:11861461}})) which suggests the protein could be secreted in response to microbial infection.

-	CRP also tends to be associated with other chronic inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, Crohn's disease, and psoriatic arthritis. While elevated levels of CRP are an indication of ongoing infection and inflammation of many such diseases, it is certainly not present in all diseases. For example, conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus, ulcerative colitis, and scleroderma tend to present with modest, if not absent, increases in CRP.(({{pubmed>long:12813013}}))	+	CRP also tends to be associated with other chronic inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, Crohn's disease, and psoriatic arthritis. While elevated levels of CRP are an indication of ongoing infection and inflammation of many such diseases, it is certainly not present in all diseases. For example, conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus, ulcerative colitis, and scleroderma tend to present with modest, if not absent, increases in CRP.(({{pmid>long:12813013}}))

	Ultimately, the absence of CRP as a sensitive marker for inflammatory disease may parallel the inconsistency with which any one species of pathogen is found in chronic disease. It would appear that the body employs a variety of mechanisms for responding to infection, only one of which is the production of CRP.		Ultimately, the absence of CRP as a sensitive marker for inflammatory disease may parallel the inconsistency with which any one species of pathogen is found in chronic disease. It would appear that the body employs a variety of mechanisms for responding to infection, only one of which is the production of CRP.
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	===== Read more =====		===== Read more =====

-	* [[http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=4648\|Inflammation, Heart Disease and Stroke: The Role of C-Reactive Protein]]	+	* [[https://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=4648\|Inflammation, Heart Disease and Stroke: The Role of C-Reactive Protein]]

		+	{{tag>tests}}
		+	<nodisp>
	===== Notes and comments =====		===== Notes and comments =====

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-	//July 13, 2011// -- [[http://labtestsonline.org/news/crp-may-have-role-in-predicting-breast-cancer-outcomes/\|CRP May Have Role in Predicting Breast Cancer Outcomes]]	+	//July 13, 2011// -- [[https://labtestsonline.org/news/crp-may-have-role-in-predicting-breast-cancer-outcomes/\|CRP May Have Role in Predicting Breast Cancer Outcomes]]


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	PMID: 21996139		PMID: 21996139
	</blockquote>		</blockquote>
-	===== References =====	+	===== References =====</nodisp>

Test: Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA)

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Wed, 14 Sep 2022 20:53:47 +0000

01.03.2019		current
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-	Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) is a common method of testing bone density as [[http://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/dual_energy_x-ray_absorpitometry_dexa/hic_osteoporosis_and_bone_densitometry_testing.aspx\|described here]].	+	Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) is a common method of testing bone density as [[https://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/dual_energy_x-ray_absorpitometry_dexa/hic_osteoporosis_and_bone_densitometry_testing.aspx\|described here]].

	===== Testing for osteoporosis =====		===== Testing for osteoporosis =====
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	A Review - Vitamin D and Calcium in Sarcoidosis (7-5-03)		A Review - Vitamin D and Calcium in Sarcoidosis (7-5-03)
-	http://www.sarcinfo.com/calcium.htm	+	https://www.sarcinfo.com/calcium.htm

	Epidemiological study finds a strong association between high 1,25 D levels and osteoporosis. Relationships between bone mineral density, serum vitamin D metabolites and calcium:phosphorus intake in healthy perimenopausal women. Brot C, Jorgensen N, Madsen OR, Jensen LB, Sorensen OH.		Epidemiological study finds a strong association between high 1,25 D levels and osteoporosis. Relationships between bone mineral density, serum vitamin D metabolites and calcium:phosphorus intake in healthy perimenopausal women. Brot C, Jorgensen N, Madsen OR, Jensen LB, Sorensen OH.

-	The Danish epidemiologist Brot studied 500 healthy women ( that is they were not drawn from a population with particular health issues) aged 42 to 58 and concluded that in this group bone density was strongly inversely proportional to 1,25 D levels ( that is low bone density was strongly associated with high 1,25 D levels) and only rather weakly directly proportional to 25 D levels. The sample was chosen randomly - and was not done to test the impact of any particular treatment programme. (({{pubmed>long:10363752}}))	+	The Danish epidemiologist Brot studied 500 healthy women ( that is they were not drawn from a population with particular health issues) aged 42 to 58 and concluded that in this group bone density was strongly inversely proportional to 1,25 D levels ( that is low bone density was strongly associated with high 1,25 D levels) and only rather weakly directly proportional to 25 D levels. The sample was chosen randomly - and was not done to test the impact of any particular treatment programme. (({{pmid>long:10363752}}))

-	Influence of smoking (({{pubmed>long:10602348}}))	+	Influence of smoking (({{pmid>long:10602348}}))

-	vitamin K(1) intake was not associated with effects on BMD or fracture risk. (({{pubmed>long:16683180}}))	+	vitamin K(1) intake was not associated with effects on BMD or fracture risk. (({{pmid>long:16683180}}))

-	Dietary intake of folate, but not vitamin B2 or B12, is associated with increased bone mineral density 5 years after the menopause: results from a 10-year follow-up study in early postmenopausal women. (({{pubmed>long:18175033}}))	+	Dietary intake of folate, but not vitamin B2 or B12, is associated with increased bone mineral density 5 years after the menopause: results from a 10-year follow-up study in early postmenopausal women. (({{pmid>long:18175033}}))


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	When patients with an elevated level of 1,25-D are given Fosamax (or other biphosphanates), it can cause calcium deposition into the soft tissues, reduced organ function and possible osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ). All these meds have some effect on the immune or endocrine system and are, therefore, to be avoided.		When patients with an elevated level of 1,25-D are given Fosamax (or other biphosphanates), it can cause calcium deposition into the soft tissues, reduced organ function and possible osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ). All these meds have some effect on the immune or endocrine system and are, therefore, to be avoided.

-	{{tag>tests arrange}}	+	{{tag>tests }}

		+	<nodisp>
	===== Notes and comments =====		===== Notes and comments =====
	TECH		TECH
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	by Gillian Sanson An interview with her here:		by Gillian Sanson An interview with her here:
	//BROKEN LINK// :-		//BROKEN LINK// :-
-	[[http://www.womenshealthmatters.ca/resources/show_res.cfm?ID=42199\Womenshealth]]	+	[[https://www.womenshealthmatters.ca/resources/show_res.cfm?ID=42199\Womenshealth]]

	Although she does not have our new information on "vitamin" D and does not understand that a low 25-D is most frequently associated with a high 1,25-D; she is generally on the right track.		Although she does not have our new information on "vitamin" D and does not understand that a low 25-D is most frequently associated with a high 1,25-D; she is generally on the right track.
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-	http://www.marshallprotocol.com/forum39/8793-5.html	+	https://www.marshallprotocol.com/forum39/8793-5.html

	<note>Dear MPKB Reader: You have arrived at one of the articles that has not yet completed the development and review process in the knowledge base. Some of the content here may be helpful, but please know that this page is not complete. There are about 400 articles in the KB, and this is one we are still working on. Thanks for your patience.</note>		<note>Dear MPKB Reader: You have arrived at one of the articles that has not yet completed the development and review process in the knowledge base. Some of the content here may be helpful, but please know that this page is not complete. There are about 400 articles in the KB, and this is one we are still working on. Thanks for your patience.</note>
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-	*	+	* </nodisp>

Vitamin D metabolite test instructions

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Wed, 14 Sep 2022 20:53:47 +0000

06.04.2014		current
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	Patients have the option to order a [[home:tests:homekit\|home 25-D test kit directly from various labs]].		Patients have the option to order a [[home:tests:homekit\|home 25-D test kit directly from various labs]].

		+	{{tag>tests}}
		+	<nodisp>
	===== Notes and comments =====		===== Notes and comments =====

	* Legacy content		* Legacy content
-	* http://www.marshallprotocol.com/forum2/366.html#p1870 e20	+	* https://www.marshallprotocol.com/forum2/366.html#p1870 e20
		+
		+	The alleged instability of 1,25 vitamin D when not frozen appears not to be correct, according to this paper: https://www.clinchem.org/cgi/reprint/27/5/773</nodisp>

-	The alleged instability of 1,25 vitamin D when not frozen appears not to be correct, according to this paper: http://www.clinchem.org/cgi/reprint/27/5/773

Test: Electrolytes

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Wed, 14 Sep 2022 20:53:47 +0000

12.27.2018		current
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	====== Test: Electrolytes ======		====== Test: Electrolytes ======

-	Electrolytes test is [[http://labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/electrolytes/test.html\|described here]].	+	Electrolytes test is [[https://labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/electrolytes/test.html\|described here]].

	* carbon dioxide (CO2)		* carbon dioxide (CO2)
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-	{{tag>tests incomplete}}	+	{{tag>tests }}

		+	<nodisp>
	===== Notes and comments =====		===== Notes and comments =====
	TECH		TECH
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-	<note>a link to the document http://mpkb.org/home/othertreatments/sodium_bicarbonate would be appropriate somewhere here IMO	+	<note>a link to the document https://mpkb.org/home/othertreatments/sodium_bicarbonate would be appropriate somewhere here IMO
	//Sallie Q// Jan 2014</note>		//Sallie Q// Jan 2014</note>

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	My sodium is low. What should I do?		My sodium is low. What should I do?

-	===== References =====	+	===== References =====</nodisp>

Home 25-D test kits

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Wed, 14 Sep 2022 20:53:47 +0000

08.23.2017		current
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	^ Site ^ Lab ^ Test ^ Price ^		^ Site ^ Lab ^ Test ^ Price ^
-	\| [[http://zrtlab.com\|ZRTlab.com]] \| [[http://zrtlab.com\|ZRT Laboratory]] \| item no longer appears \| removed \|	+	\| [[https://zrtlab.com\|ZRTlab.com]] \| [[https://zrtlab.com\|ZRT Laboratory]] \| item no longer appears \| removed \|
-	\| [[http://www.canaryclub.org/\|canaryclub.org]] \| [[http://zrtlab.com\|ZRT Laboratory]] \| [[http://www.canaryclub.org/vitamin-d-sunshine-test-d2-d3-25-hydroxy.html\|Vitamin D, 25-OH, Total]] \| $65.00 (USD) \|	+	\| [[https://www.canaryclub.org/\|canaryclub.org]] \| [[https://zrtlab.com\|ZRT Laboratory]] \| [[https://www.canaryclub.org/vitamin-d-sunshine-test-d2-d3-25-hydroxy.html\|Vitamin D, 25-OH, Total]] \| $65.00 (USD) \|
-	\| [[http://directlabs.com\|directlabs.com]] \| [[https://www.labcorp.com\|LabCorp]] \| [[https://directlabs.com/Resources/Vitamins/VitaminD/tabid/273/language/en-US/Default.aspx\|Vitamin D, 25 Hydroxy]] \| $59.00 (USD)((See: [[https://directlabs.com/OrderTests/MonthlySpecials/tabid/2492/language/en-US/Default.aspx\|monthly specials by this lab]])) \|	+	\| [[https://directlabs.com\|directlabs.com]] \| [[https://www.labcorp.com\|LabCorp]] \| [[https://directlabs.com/Resources/Vitamins/VitaminD/tabid/273/language/en-US/Default.aspx\|Vitamin D, 25 Hydroxy]] \| $59.00 (USD)((See: [[https://directlabs.com/OrderTests/MonthlySpecials/tabid/2492/language/en-US/Default.aspx\|monthly specials by this lab]])) \|
-	\| [[http://vitamind3uk.com\|vitamind3uk.com]] \| [[http://zrtlab.com\|ZRT Laboratory]] \| [[http://www.vitamind3uk.com/VitaminD_Home_Test.html\|Home Test for Vitamin D3 Levels]] \| £54.00 \|	+	\| [[https://vitamind3uk.com\|vitamind3uk.com]] \| [[https://zrtlab.com\|ZRT Laboratory]] \| [[https://www.vitamind3uk.com/VitaminD_Home_Test.html\|Home Test for Vitamin D3 Levels]] \| £54.00 \|
-	\| [[http://www.vitamindtest.org.uk/\|vitamindtest.org.uk]] \| [[http://www.vitamindtest.org.uk/vitamindbackground.html\|Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals]] \| [[http://www.vitamindtest.org.uk/vitamindbackground.html\|25-hydroxy Vitamin D2 and D3]] \| £25.00 \|	+	\| [[https://www.vitamindtest.org.uk/\|vitamindtest.org.uk]] \| [[https://www.vitamindtest.org.uk/vitamindbackground.html\|Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals]] \| [[https://www.vitamindtest.org.uk/vitamindbackground.html\|25-hydroxy Vitamin D2 and D3]] \| £25.00 \|


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	Many local draws are shipped some distance to the analyzing lab. Some patients have shipped samples overseas. One patient reported that a result from a sample shipped overseas was a lower value than the result from the same draw given to a local lab. This may be related to the length of time in shipment or environmental conditions during shipment.		Many local draws are shipped some distance to the analyzing lab. Some patients have shipped samples overseas. One patient reported that a result from a sample shipped overseas was a lower value than the result from the same draw given to a local lab. This may be related to the length of time in shipment or environmental conditions during shipment.

		+	{{tag>tests}}
		+	<nodisp>
	===== Notes and comments =====		===== Notes and comments =====

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	===== References =====		===== References =====
		+	</nodisp>

Imaging tests including MRI, CT scan, and X-rays

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Wed, 14 Sep 2022 20:53:47 +0000

02.20.2017		current
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-	Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a test that produces very clear pictures, or images, of the human body without the use of x-rays. MRI uses a large magnet, radio waves and a computer to produce these images as [[http://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/magnetic_resonance_imaging_mri/hic_magnetic_resonance_imaging_mri.aspx\|described here]].	+	Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a test that produces very clear pictures, or images, of the human body without the use of x-rays. MRI uses a large magnet, radio waves and a computer to produce these images as [[https://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/magnetic_resonance_imaging_mri/hic_magnetic_resonance_imaging_mri.aspx\|described here]].

	64-slice CT scanner. Beta blockers are usually given in conjunction with this type of scan, and an IV contrast material is used. Evidently the contrast dose is lower but the radiation exposure is higher, compared to the older 16-slice CT scans.		64-slice CT scanner. Beta blockers are usually given in conjunction with this type of scan, and an IV contrast material is used. Evidently the contrast dose is lower but the radiation exposure is higher, compared to the older 16-slice CT scans.
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	Xrays are very subjective in interpretation. It is best to get the original radiographer's reports (usually available from the lab who took the Xray films)		Xrays are very subjective in interpretation. It is best to get the original radiographer's reports (usually available from the lab who took the Xray films)

-	[[http://xkcd.com/radiation/]]	+	[[https://xkcd.com/radiation/]]

	Risk is not only from radiation exposure, but may arise from dyes used, depending on individual sensitivity, so it is prudent to ask what contrast agents are in use for the proposed scan.		Risk is not only from radiation exposure, but may arise from dyes used, depending on individual sensitivity, so it is prudent to ask what contrast agents are in use for the proposed scan.
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-	{{tag>incomplete}}	+	{{tag>incomplete tests}}

	<note>Dear MPKB Reader: You have arrived at one of the articles that has not yet completed the development and review process in the knowledge base. Some of the content here may be helpful, but please know that this page is not complete. There are about 400 articles in the KB, and this is one we are still working on. Thanks for your patience.</note>		<note>Dear MPKB Reader: You have arrived at one of the articles that has not yet completed the development and review process in the knowledge base. Some of the content here may be helpful, but please know that this page is not complete. There are about 400 articles in the KB, and this is one we are still working on. Thanks for your patience.</note>

		+	<nodisp>
	===== Notes and comments =====		===== Notes and comments =====
	TECH		TECH
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	If you are having an MRI with contrast they will be using an I.V. form of the element gadolinium, that is usually largely eliminated with no problem in most people. There may be a problem in those with kidney problems, and the FDA has issued a black box warning recently about this. It mostly involve MRA's, but could be relevant to MRI's. See:		If you are having an MRI with contrast they will be using an I.V. form of the element gadolinium, that is usually largely eliminated with no problem in most people. There may be a problem in those with kidney problems, and the FDA has issued a black box warning recently about this. It mostly involve MRA's, but could be relevant to MRI's. See:
-	http://kidneydiseases.about.com/b/a/007094.htm	+	https://kidneydiseases.about.com/b/a/007094.htm

	The gadolinium would be fine for most people on the MP, but everyone should be aware of the black box warning. In those with kidney involvement I would always see if an MRI without contrast would be good enough to visualize what needs to be examined.		The gadolinium would be fine for most people on the MP, but everyone should be aware of the black box warning. In those with kidney involvement I would always see if an MRI without contrast would be good enough to visualize what needs to be examined.
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	This is a horrible source, but it might be worth following up on these studies:		This is a horrible source, but it might be worth following up on these studies:
-	http://www.cracked.com/article_18840_5-common-medical-procedures-that-secretly-arent-worth-it_p1.html	+	https://www.cracked.com/article_18840_5-common-medical-procedures-that-secretly-arent-worth-it_p1.html


Line 97:		Line 98:
	The New England Journal of Medicine (Nov.29, 2007) reported the average American's radiation exposure has doubled since 1980, largely because of the booming use of CT scans. A patient undergoing an abdominal CT scan receives over 50 times more radiation than in a standard X-ray. A person who receives two scans is bathed in as much radiation as if he stood two miles from ground zero at Hiroshima.		The New England Journal of Medicine (Nov.29, 2007) reported the average American's radiation exposure has doubled since 1980, largely because of the booming use of CT scans. A patient undergoing an abdominal CT scan receives over 50 times more radiation than in a standard X-ray. A person who receives two scans is bathed in as much radiation as if he stood two miles from ground zero at Hiroshima.

-	For a more readable synopsis and comment, see [[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/22010076/\Msnbc]]	+	For a more readable synopsis and comment, see [[https://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/22010076/\Msnbc]]

	Part of the research report says:		Part of the research report says:
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	===== References =====		===== References =====
-	*	+	* </nodisp>

Kidney (renal) function tests

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Wed, 14 Sep 2022 20:53:47 +0000

01.15.2019		current
Line 24:		Line 24:
	Olmesartan has two key properties: Vitamin D Receptor agonist and potent anti-inflammatory. While it may seem logical to discontinue olmesartan given that it stimulates the immune response, leading to immunopathology and subsequently elevated kidney values, abruptly withdrawing olmesartan can be dangerous.		Olmesartan has two key properties: Vitamin D Receptor agonist and potent anti-inflammatory. While it may seem logical to discontinue olmesartan given that it stimulates the immune response, leading to immunopathology and subsequently elevated kidney values, abruptly withdrawing olmesartan can be dangerous.

-	By reducing inflammation, olmesartan offers ongoing protection to the kidneys even while it is stimulating the VDR.(({{pubmed>long:13679467}})) (({{pubmed>long:16601581}})) When the medication is discontinued, the patient's symptoms of disease can become significantly worse as olmesartan's anti-inflammatory protection is withdrawn. This is because while the drop in inflammation is immediate, the immune response which has been accelerated by olmesartan will continue to be strong even days, weeks, or months after [[home:mp:break#weaning_olmesartan_when_necessary\|discontinuing olmesartan]].	+	By reducing inflammation, olmesartan offers ongoing protection to the kidneys even while it is stimulating the VDR.(({{pmid>long:13679467}})) (({{pmid>long:16601581}})) When the medication is discontinued, the patient's symptoms of disease can become significantly worse as olmesartan's anti-inflammatory protection is withdrawn. This is because while the drop in inflammation is immediate, the immune response which has been accelerated by olmesartan will continue to be strong even days, weeks, or months after [[home:mp:break#weaning_olmesartan_when_necessary\|discontinuing olmesartan]].

	Instead of discontinuing olmesartan, physicians are advised to work with their patients to employ [[home:mp:managing_immunopathology\|one of several strategies]] to reduce the immunopathological response. Reducing, but not discontinuing entirely, antibiotics has often proven helpful.		Instead of discontinuing olmesartan, physicians are advised to work with their patients to employ [[home:mp:managing_immunopathology\|one of several strategies]] to reduce the immunopathological response. Reducing, but not discontinuing entirely, antibiotics has often proven helpful.
Line 33:		Line 33:
	The benefits of olmesartan on patients with kidney inflammation include:		The benefits of olmesartan on patients with kidney inflammation include:

-	* decreased insulin resistance, fewer symptoms of the metabolic syndrome, and decreased inflammation in patients with chronic kidney disease.(({{pubmed>long:17130263}}))	+	* decreased insulin resistance, fewer symptoms of the metabolic syndrome, and decreased inflammation in patients with chronic kidney disease.(({{pmid>long:17130263}}))
-	* the ability to ameliorate renal injury and fibrosis in rats when taken at ultrahigh doses.(({{pubmed>long:16755152}}))	+	* the ability to ameliorate renal injury and fibrosis in rats when taken at ultrahigh doses.(({{pmid>long:16755152}}))
-	* decreased (intra)renal vascular resistance, increased renal perfusion, and significantly reduced oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes(({{pubmed>long:15716329}}))	+	* decreased (intra)renal vascular resistance, increased renal perfusion, and significantly reduced oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes(({{pmid>long:15716329}}))
-	* protection of the kidneys in diabetic nephropathy(({{pubmed>long:16755152}}))	+	* protection of the kidneys in diabetic nephropathy(({{pmid>long:16755152}}))
-	* offer a survival benefit in hemodialysis patients, may help in preservation of renal function in predialysis patient, and affect the tissue repair process, reducing renal fibrosis(({{pubmed>long:20540037}}))	+	* offer a survival benefit in hemodialysis patients, may help in preservation of renal function in predialysis patient, and affect the tissue repair process, reducing renal fibrosis(({{pmid>long:20540037}}))

	===== Recent studies of Olmesartan in patients =====		===== Recent studies of Olmesartan in patients =====
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	For MP patients with disease involvement in the kidneys, kidney-specific metabolites may increase in a way that is consistent with an active or activated immune response. The following research support this idea:		For MP patients with disease involvement in the kidneys, kidney-specific metabolites may increase in a way that is consistent with an active or activated immune response. The following research support this idea:

-	* BUN – One study found that hemodialysis patients who had high serum values of urea nitrogen (BUN) were less likely to have the acute infection, //Helicobacter pylori//.(({{pubmed>long:14696511}})) This suggests that temporary markers of kidney stress such as BUN may correlate with a robust and successful immune response.	+	* BUN – One study found that hemodialysis patients who had high serum values of urea nitrogen (BUN) were less likely to have the acute infection, //Helicobacter pylori//.(({{pmid>long:14696511}})) This suggests that temporary markers of kidney stress such as BUN may correlate with a robust and successful immune response.
-	* creatinine – According to Goldstein, clinicians caring for patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) have been hindered by the reliance on serum creatinine or decreased urine output, both kidney function markers, to make the AKI diagnosis. Even more vexing is the fact that similar serum creatinine changes can occur without kidney damage, for example in the context of dehydration, nephrotic syndrome or hepatorenal syndrome.(({{pubmed>long:22189039}}))	+	* creatinine – According to Goldstein, clinicians caring for patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) have been hindered by the reliance on serum creatinine or decreased urine output, both kidney function markers, to make the AKI diagnosis. Even more vexing is the fact that similar serum creatinine changes can occur without kidney damage, for example in the context of dehydration, nephrotic syndrome or hepatorenal syndrome.(({{pmid>long:22189039}}))

-	In a 2011 study appearing in //Kidney International//, Agarwal //et al.// gave 16 patients with chronic kidney disease daily doses of paricalcitol, an orally active vitamin D receptor (VDR) activator.(({{pubmed>long:21716260}})) (Note that the VDR plays a key role in innate immunity.) The vitamin D analog was stopped after four days, and measurements were continued for three. During therapy, researchers found that subjects' serum creatinine significantly increased at a rate of 0.010 mg/dl/day and urine creatinine at a rate of 17.6 mg/day. Researchers also found a small increase in blood levels of BUN.	+	In a 2011 study appearing in //Kidney International//, Agarwal //et al.// gave 16 patients with chronic kidney disease daily doses of paricalcitol, an orally active vitamin D receptor (VDR) activator.(({{pmid>long:21716260}})) (Note that the VDR plays a key role in innate immunity.) The vitamin D analog was stopped after four days, and measurements were continued for three. During therapy, researchers found that subjects' serum creatinine significantly increased at a rate of 0.010 mg/dl/day and urine creatinine at a rate of 17.6 mg/day. Researchers also found a small increase in blood levels of BUN.


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	In conclusion, VDR activation may alter creatinine metabolism. An increase in creatinine generation may lead to an increase in serum creatinine and, if eGFR is used to measure kidney function, it may give the appearance that kidney function is declining when truly it may not be altered.		In conclusion, VDR activation may alter creatinine metabolism. An increase in creatinine generation may lead to an increase in serum creatinine and, if eGFR is used to measure kidney function, it may give the appearance that kidney function is declining when truly it may not be altered.

-	//Rajiv Agarwal et al.//(({{pubmed>long:21716260}}))	+	//Rajiv Agarwal et al.//(({{pmid>long:21716260}}))
	</blockquote>		</blockquote>

Line 111:		Line 111:
	<blockquote>when used between 10–100 mM, suppression of growth and killing of all bacterial species were observed including not only drug-resistant strains, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, but also uncharacterized environmental bacterial strains as well. The mechanism of action is as yet unclear.		<blockquote>when used between 10–100 mM, suppression of growth and killing of all bacterial species were observed including not only drug-resistant strains, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, but also uncharacterized environmental bacterial strains as well. The mechanism of action is as yet unclear.

-	Creatinine inhibits bacterial replication //Thomas McDonald, Kristen M Drescher, Annika Weber and Steven Tracy// 2012 (({{pubmed>long:22293916}}))</blockquote>	+	Creatinine inhibits bacterial replication //Thomas McDonald, Kristen M Drescher, Annika Weber and Steven Tracy// 2012 (({{pmid>long:22293916}}))</blockquote>


Line 119:		Line 119:

	{{tag>tests kidneys}}		{{tag>tests kidneys}}
		+	<nodisp>
	===== Notes and comments =====		===== Notes and comments =====

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	This article talks about how bacteria can lead to release of nitric oxide:		This article talks about how bacteria can lead to release of nitric oxide:
-	http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC118062/	+	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC118062/


-	Blood Urea Nitrogen test is [[http://labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/bun/test.html\|described here]].	+	Blood Urea Nitrogen test is [[https://labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/bun/test.html\|described here]].


Line 161:		Line 162:


-	<blockquote>http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/releases/231646.php	+	<blockquote>https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/releases/231646.php

-	http://www.cell.com/cell-host-microbe/abstract/S1931-3128(11)00194-6	+	https://www.cell.com/cell-host-microbe/abstract/S1931-3128(11)00194-6


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	It is not uncommon for creatinine levels to rise while having immunopathology during the MP. All of the usual methods for [[:home:mp:managing_immunopathology\|managing immunopathology]] should be employed.		It is not uncommon for creatinine levels to rise while having immunopathology during the MP. All of the usual methods for [[:home:mp:managing_immunopathology\|managing immunopathology]] should be employed.

-	The creatinine test is [[http://labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/creatinine/test.html\|described here]].	+	The creatinine test is [[https://labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/creatinine/test.html\|described here]].

-	A good article to review is "[[http://bacteriality.com/2008/02/23/misconceptions/#6\|Misconception #6: If my blood work (particularly that which pertains to kidney function) goes out of range after starting the MP, that’s a bad sign.]]" by Amy Proal.	+	A good article to review is "[[https://bacteriality.com/2008/02/23/misconceptions/#6\|Misconception #6: If my blood work (particularly that which pertains to kidney function) goes out of range after starting the MP, that’s a bad sign.]]" by Amy Proal.

	Also, for more information, see Dr. Marshall's [[home:publications:marshall_westchina_2008\|talk to doctors at West China Hospital]], where he addresses this particular test.		Also, for more information, see Dr. Marshall's [[home:publications:marshall_westchina_2008\|talk to doctors at West China Hospital]], where he addresses this particular test.
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	"Elevations in serum creatinine with RAAS blockade: why isn't it a sign of kidney injury?"		"Elevations in serum creatinine with RAAS blockade: why isn't it a sign of kidney injury?"
-	http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18695383	+	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18695383



	From Gary's progress (garyv).		From Gary's progress (garyv).
-	http://www.marshallprotocol.com/view_topic.php?id=12517&forum_id=35&jump_to=199982#p199982	+	https://www.marshallprotocol.com/view_topic.php?id=12517&forum_id=35&jump_to=199982#p199982
	(Gary does not report any ill health. He works an IT job and actively maintains his farm while on the MP.)		(Gary does not report any ill health. He works an IT job and actively maintains his farm while on the MP.)
	Lab results (2010):		Lab results (2010):
Line 223:		Line 224:

	From CaptBubba's progress.		From CaptBubba's progress.
-	http://www.marshallprotocol.com/view_topic.php?id=12474&forum_id=17&jump_to=198938#p198938	+	https://www.marshallprotocol.com/view_topic.php?id=12474&forum_id=17&jump_to=198938#p198938
	(She posts in the medical professional's forum. She reports plans for taking a 10-day vacation with her husband to Alaska the week following these lab results.)		(She posts in the medical professional's forum. She reports plans for taking a 10-day vacation with her husband to Alaska the week following these lab results.)
	Lab results (2010):		Lab results (2010):
Line 238:		Line 239:

	From Claire's progress (Her health condition remains stable.)		From Claire's progress (Her health condition remains stable.)
-	http://marshallprotocol.com/view_topic.php?id=8979&forum_id=35&jump_to=186714#p186714	+	https://marshallprotocol.com/view_topic.php?id=8979&forum_id=35&jump_to=186714#p186714
	Lab results:		Lab results:
	Sept'09 Nov'09		Sept'09 Nov'09
Line 248:		Line 249:

	From Freddie's progress. (He just turned 71 years old and reports continued improvements in health after 5+ years on MP.)		From Freddie's progress. (He just turned 71 years old and reports continued improvements in health after 5+ years on MP.)
-	http://www.marshallprotocol.com/view_topic.php?id=5422&forum_id=35&jump_to=200005#p200005	+	https://www.marshallprotocol.com/view_topic.php?id=5422&forum_id=35&jump_to=200005#p200005
	Lab results: Mar'09 Jan'10 Aug'10		Lab results: Mar'09 Jan'10 Aug'10
	BUN 37 40 61 (ref 6-20) //highest was 106//		BUN 37 40 61 (ref 6-20) //highest was 106//
Line 264:		Line 265:
	From: Dr Trevor Marshall		From: Dr Trevor Marshall
	Date: 2010-09-06 16:15:30		Date: 2010-09-06 16:15:30
-	Reply: http://www.marshallprotocol.com/reply.php?topic_id=13865	+	Reply: https://www.marshallprotocol.com/reply.php?topic_id=13865

-	Verena, even though eGFR values frequently drop into the twenties, and occasionally into the teens, there has been no kidney failure. Nobody has needed dialysis, and it would be ludicrous for anybody to have been biopsied under these circumstances.	+	Varia, even though eGFR values frequently drop into the twenties, and occasionally into the teens, there has been no kidney failure. Nobody has needed dialysis, and it would be ludicrous for anybody to have been biopsied under these circumstances.

	We have seen really high Creatinine, we should dig out these values and put them in the MPKB. I don't recall the values off the top of my head...		We have seen really high Creatinine, we should dig out these values and put them in the MPKB. I don't recall the values off the top of my head...

-	http://mpkb.org/home/protocol/olmesartan/kidney_disease	+	https://mpkb.org/home/protocol/olmesartan/kidney_disease


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-	<blockquote>In certain cases, improved clinical outcomes are associated with elevated kidney metabolites. A recent Japanese four-year follow up study of 877 men found that lower serum creatinine was significantly associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes.(({{pubmed>long:19074997}}))	+	<blockquote>In certain cases, improved clinical outcomes are associated with elevated kidney metabolites. A recent Japanese four-year follow up study of 877 men found that lower serum creatinine was significantly associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes.(({{pmid>long:19074997}}))
	</blockquote>		</blockquote>

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	</blockquote>		</blockquote>

-	===== References =====	+	===== References =====</nodisp>

Tests: cholesterol and triglycerides (lipids)

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Wed, 14 Sep 2022 20:53:47 +0000

Tests of liver function

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Wed, 14 Sep 2022 20:53:47 +0000

01.03.2012		current
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	===== Beneficial effects of olmesartan on liver disease =====		===== Beneficial effects of olmesartan on liver disease =====

-	The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is frequently activated in patients with chronic liver diseases. Angiotensin-II (AT-II) has been suggested to play an important role in the progression of liver fibrogenesis.(({{pubmed>long:11584371}})) (({{pubmed>long:16919500}}))	+	The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is frequently activated in patients with chronic liver diseases. Angiotensin-II (AT-II) has been suggested to play an important role in the progression of liver fibrogenesis.(({{pmid>long:11584371}})) (({{pmid>long:16919500}}))

	Some of the documented protective effects of the angiotension receptor blocker, olmesartan, include the ability to:		Some of the documented protective effects of the angiotension receptor blocker, olmesartan, include the ability to:

-	* inhibit liver fibrosis and aid liver healing – Olmesartan medoxomil was given to fibrotic rats. Liver hydroxyproline content, the mRNA expression of collagen alpha1(I) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), and plasma levels of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) were significantly reduced by olmesartan treatment, suggesting that olmesartan improved liver fibrosis.(({{pubmed>long:12871826}})) A second study came to similar conclusion.(({{pubmed>long:19303015}}))	+	* inhibit liver fibrosis and aid liver healing – Olmesartan medoxomil was given to fibrotic rats. Liver hydroxyproline content, the mRNA expression of collagen alpha1(I) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), and plasma levels of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) were significantly reduced by olmesartan treatment, suggesting that olmesartan improved liver fibrosis.(({{pmid>long:12871826}})) A second study came to similar conclusion.(({{pmid>long:19303015}}))
-	* reduce fatty liver – Fatty liver developed in Zucker fatty rats was ameliorated by olmesartan treatment.(({{pubmed>long: 15082419}})) "Taken in sum," one team concluded, "ARB improves the overproduction and accumulation of TG in the liver associated with insulin resistance, and it does so through mechanisms independent of its hypotensive action."	+	* reduce fatty liver – Fatty liver developed in Zucker fatty rats was ameliorated by olmesartan treatment.(({{pmid>long: 15082419}})) "Taken in sum," one team concluded, "ARB improves the overproduction and accumulation of TG in the liver associated with insulin resistance, and it does so through mechanisms independent of its hypotensive action."


Line 65:		Line 65:


		+
		+	{{tag>tests}}
		+	<nodisp>
	===== Notes and comments =====		===== Notes and comments =====

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	</blockquote>		</blockquote>

-	===== References =====	+	===== References =====</nodisp>

Tests of lung (pulmonary) function

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Wed, 14 Sep 2022 20:53:47 +0000

03.16.2012		current
Line 142:		Line 142:
	</blockquote>		</blockquote>

		+
		+	{{tag>tests}}
		+
		+	<nodisp>
	===== Notes and comments =====		===== Notes and comments =====



-	===== References =====	+	===== References =====</nodisp>

Tests of thyroid function

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Wed, 14 Sep 2022 20:53:47 +0000

01.04.2019		current
Line 9:		Line 9:
	===== Test: Thyroxine (T4) =====		===== Test: Thyroxine (T4) =====

-	Thyroxine (T4) test is [[http://labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/t4/test.html\|described here]].	+	Thyroxine (T4) test is [[https://labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/t4/test.html\|described here]].

	===== Test: Triiodothyronine (T3) =====		===== Test: Triiodothyronine (T3) =====

-	Triiodothyronine (T3) test is [[http://labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/t3/glance.html\|described here]].	+	Triiodothyronine (T3) test is [[https://labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/t3/glance.html\|described here]].

	Different doctors do different variations of thyroid panel tests.		Different doctors do different variations of thyroid panel tests.
Line 67:		Line 67:
	===== Test: Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) =====		===== Test: Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) =====

-	Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) test is [[http://labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/acth/test.html\|described here]].	+	Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) test is [[https://labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/acth/test.html\|described here]].

	ACTH levels in the blood are measured to help detect, diagnose, and monitor conditions associated with excessive or deficient cortisol in the body.		ACTH levels in the blood are measured to help detect, diagnose, and monitor conditions associated with excessive or deficient cortisol in the body.
Line 106:		Line 106:


-	{{tag>tests arrange}}	+	{{tag>tests }}


		+	<nodisp>
	===== Notes and comments =====		===== Notes and comments =====
	GETCONTENT		GETCONTENT
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-	===== References =====	+	===== References =====</nodisp>

Vitamin D metabolite calculator

anonymous@undisclosed.example.com (Anonymous) — Wed, 14 Sep 2022 05:14:49 +0000

01.29.2016		current
Line 6:		Line 6:
	Recent research, including work done by the Autoimmunity Research Foundation research team, has shown that the Vitamin D nuclear receptor plays a key role in chronic and inflammatory disease. The VDR's transcription of genes is controlled in turn by the Vitamin D metabolism, which is progressively inhibited as the Th1 metagenomic microbiota gradually accumulates in the body's nucleated cells.		Recent research, including work done by the Autoimmunity Research Foundation research team, has shown that the Vitamin D nuclear receptor plays a key role in chronic and inflammatory disease. The VDR's transcription of genes is controlled in turn by the Vitamin D metabolism, which is progressively inhibited as the Th1 metagenomic microbiota gradually accumulates in the body's nucleated cells.

-	Below is an algorithm which will give physicians insight into how the most common Vitamin D metabolites can indicate disease status. This interpretation is not intended as any form of medical diagnosis; the physician must also take into account the general patient presentation and workup, and other objective measures of illness. This algorithm is based on research published in several papers and presentations.(({{pubmed>long:18200565}})) (({{pubmed>long:19393200}})) ((Blaney G, et al. In press. [[home:publications:blaney_annals_2009\|Vitamin D Metabolites as Clinical Markers in Autoimmune and Chronic Disease]]. //Annals of NY Academy of Sciences//.)) ((Blaney G. [[home:publications:blaney_congress_on_autoimmunity_2008\|Vitamin D Metabolites as Clinical Markers in Autoimmune and Chronic Illness]]. International Congress on Autoimmunity, Porto, 2008.)) ((Perez T. [[home:publications:perez_congress_on_autoimmunity_2008\|MP Study Results]]. International Congress on Autoimmunity, Porto, 2008.))	+	Below is an algorithm which will give physicians insight into how the most common Vitamin D metabolites can indicate disease status. This interpretation is not intended as any form of medical diagnosis; the physician must also take into account the general patient presentation and workup, and other objective measures of illness. This algorithm is based on research published in several papers and presentations.(({{pmid>long:18200565}})) (({{pmid>long:19393200}})) ((Blaney G, et al. In press. [[home:publications:blaney_annals_2009\|Vitamin D Metabolites as Clinical Markers in Autoimmune and Chronic Disease]]. //Annals of NY Academy of Sciences//.)) ((Blaney G. [[home:publications:blaney_congress_on_autoimmunity_2008\|Vitamin D Metabolites as Clinical Markers in Autoimmune and Chronic Illness]]. International Congress on Autoimmunity, Porto, 2008.)) ((Perez T. [[home:publications:perez_congress_on_autoimmunity_2008\|MP Study Results]]. International Congress on Autoimmunity, Porto, 2008.))


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	<vitdinterpretation><html><br clear="left" /></html>		<vitdinterpretation><html><br clear="left" /></html>

-	{{tag>Starting_the_Marshall_Protocol}}	+	{{tag>tests Starting_the_Marshall_Protocol}}

	<html><style type="text/css">.doc {display: none;}		<html><style type="text/css">.doc {display: none;}

03.22.2017		current
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	<relatedarticle> [[home:pathogenesis:vitamind:low25d\|Diseases associated with low levels of 25-D]] </article>		<relatedarticle> [[home:pathogenesis:vitamind:low25d\|Diseases associated with low levels of 25-D]] </article>

-	Lower than normal levels of 25-D have been independently associated both with all-cause mortality(({{pubmed>long:18695076}})) and dozens of chronic inflammatory diseases ranging from alcoholism (({{pubmed>long:11005548}})) to allergies(({{pubmed>long:19154546}})) to prostate cancer.(({{pubmed>long:15663995}}))	+	Lower than normal levels of 25-D have been independently associated both with all-cause mortality(({{pmid>long:18695076}})) and dozens of chronic inflammatory diseases ranging from alcoholism (({{pmid>long:11005548}})) to allergies(({{pmid>long:19154546}})) to prostate cancer.(({{pmid>long:15663995}}))

	For this reason, low levels of 25-D can be used (in countries that supplement) as a [[home:pathogenesis:epidemiology#low_levels_of_25-d_as_a_proxy_for_disease\|proxy for chronic disease]].		For this reason, low levels of 25-D can be used (in countries that supplement) as a [[home:pathogenesis:epidemiology#low_levels_of_25-d_as_a_proxy_for_disease\|proxy for chronic disease]].
	===== Not a simple fat-soluble vitamin =====		===== Not a simple fat-soluble vitamin =====

-	A recent analysis concluded that surrogate markers for vitamin D exposure including age, vitamin D intake, supplement use, latitude, etc. taken together, could explain only 21 percent of the variation in vitamin D levels between people.(({{pubmed>long:20219959}}))	+	A recent analysis concluded that surrogate markers for vitamin D exposure including age, vitamin D intake, supplement use, latitude, etc. taken together, could explain only 21 percent of the variation in vitamin D levels between people.(({{pmid>long:20219959}}))

-	As a 2010 Tasmanian study demonstrated, body fat is not simply a passive reservoir for 25-D. The study showed that the associations between body adiposity (fat) measures and change in 25-D completely disappeared after adjustment for leptin (an appetite hormone), diminished after adjustment for IL-6 (a cytokine), but remained unchanged after adjustment for total cholesterol/HDL ratio. Therefore, in addition to season and sun exposure, 25-D levels appear to be determined by metabolic and, to a lesser extent, inflammatory factors, and these appear to mediate the effects of adiposity (body fat) on change in 25-D.(({{pubmed>long:20804516}}))	+	As a 2010 Tasmanian study demonstrated, body fat is not simply a passive reservoir for 25-D. The study showed that the associations between body adiposity (fat) measures and change in 25-D completely disappeared after adjustment for leptin (an appetite hormone), diminished after adjustment for IL-6 (a cytokine), but remained unchanged after adjustment for total cholesterol/HDL ratio. Therefore, in addition to season and sun exposure, 25-D levels appear to be determined by metabolic and, to a lesser extent, inflammatory factors, and these appear to mediate the effects of adiposity (body fat) on change in 25-D.(({{pmid>long:20804516}}))

	===== Reference range for 25-D =====		===== Reference range for 25-D =====
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	Observational studies show that populations which avoid vitamin D consumption have naturally low levels of 25-D and remain healthy with such levels.		Observational studies show that populations which avoid vitamin D consumption have naturally low levels of 25-D and remain healthy with such levels.

-	* A study which tested the level of 25-D in 90 “healthy, ambulatory Chilean women” showed that 27% of the premenopausal and 60% of the postmenopausal women had 25-D levels under 20 ng/ml. (({{pubmed>long:17290161}}))	+	* A study which tested the level of 25-D in 90 “healthy, ambulatory Chilean women” showed that 27% of the premenopausal and 60% of the postmenopausal women had 25-D levels under 20 ng/ml. (({{pmid>long:17290161}}))
-	* A study on healthy Bangladeshi women found that approximately 80% of the women had a level of 25-D under 16 ng/ml. (({{pubmed>long:16500882}}))	+	* A study on healthy Bangladeshi women found that approximately 80% of the women had a level of 25-D under 16 ng/ml. (({{pmid>long:16500882}}))
-	* In a 1992 study, healthy full-term infants from China had serum concentrations of 25-D ranging from an average of 5 ng/ml to 14 ng/ml. (({{pubmed>long:1578308}}))	+	* In a 1992 study, healthy full-term infants from China had serum concentrations of 25-D ranging from an average of 5 ng/ml to 14 ng/ml. (({{pmid>long:1578308}}))
	==== Patients with chronic diseases naturally downregulate levels of 25-D ====		==== Patients with chronic diseases naturally downregulate levels of 25-D ====

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-	There are several molecular pathways activate in chronic inflammatory disease, which cause levels of 25-D to fall to "deficient" levels. (For example, Reid //et al.// showed that blood levels 25-D decrease after an inflammatory insult such elective knee arthroplasty.(({{pubmed>long:21411617}}))) It is in the interest of such patients to have low levels of 25-D, as low levels increase the activity of the VDR – a receptor which, when activated, plays a key role in innate immune function.	+	There are several molecular pathways activate in chronic inflammatory disease, which cause levels of 25-D to fall to "deficient" levels. (For example, Reid //et al.// showed that blood levels 25-D decrease after an inflammatory insult such elective knee arthroplasty.(({{pmid>long:21411617}}))) It is in the interest of such patients to have low levels of 25-D, as low levels increase the activity of the VDR – a receptor which, when activated, plays a key role in innate immune function.

	Under such circumstances, a patient who supplements with vitamin D may see a rise in 25-D. However, the increase in serum levels of 25-D would not be quite as high as it otherwise would be in a healthy person.		Under such circumstances, a patient who supplements with vitamin D may see a rise in 25-D. However, the increase in serum levels of 25-D would not be quite as high as it otherwise would be in a healthy person.
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-	The rate at which 25-D declines in Marshall Protocol patients tends to vary. Adams //et al.// (right) showed that the rate of at which 25-D declined among people who taken high amounts of vitamin D supplements and subsequently abstained from supplements is approximately 10.7 ± 3.0 nmol/L per month.(({{pubmed>long:9245225}}))	+	The rate at which 25-D declines in Marshall Protocol patients tends to vary. Adams //et al.// (right) showed that the rate of at which 25-D declined among people who taken high amounts of vitamin D supplements and subsequently abstained from supplements is approximately 10.7 ± 3.0 nmol/L per month.(({{pmid>long:9245225}}))
	===== Recalcitrant 25-D – why 25-D could remain high over the course of several years =====		===== Recalcitrant 25-D – why 25-D could remain high over the course of several years =====

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	Here are several factors may play a role in contributing to unexpected levels of 25-D:		Here are several factors may play a role in contributing to unexpected levels of 25-D:

-	* Yeast may be able to produce a 25-D precursor – Patients who have large yeast overgrowth such as //Candida// may have elevated levels of 25-D as //Candida// produces ergosterol, a Vitamin D2 precursor.(({{pubmed>long:6016607}})) (({{pubmed>long:8561481}})) If this is the case, one would expect a large D2 contribution to total 25-D. This could be assessed if the test is broken down in this fashion, which it not always is.	+	* Yeast may be able to produce a 25-D precursor – Patients who have large yeast overgrowth such as //Candida// may have elevated levels of 25-D as //Candida// produces ergosterol, a Vitamin D2 precursor.(({{pmid>long:6016607}})) (({{pmid>long:8561481}})) If this is the case, one would expect a large D2 contribution to total 25-D. This could be assessed if the test is broken down in this fashion, which it not always is.

	<blockquote>I have found elevated levels of 25-D in compliant patients. It is usually due to an intestinal //Candida// overgrowth or biofilm. I have found treating with Nystatin, a non-absorbable antifungal azole effective in reducing //Candida// load and with resultant marked reduction in 25-D levels, often within 1 to 2 months.		<blockquote>I have found elevated levels of 25-D in compliant patients. It is usually due to an intestinal //Candida// overgrowth or biofilm. I have found treating with Nystatin, a non-absorbable antifungal azole effective in reducing //Candida// load and with resultant marked reduction in 25-D levels, often within 1 to 2 months.
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		+	{{tag>tests}}

		+	<nodisp>
	===== Notes and comments =====		===== Notes and comments =====

-	* Vitamin D: More May Not Be Better; Benefits in Healthy Adults Wear Off at Higher Doses, Research Suggests ... http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/05/130501192929.htm ...	+	* Vitamin D: More May Not Be Better; Benefits in Healthy Adults Wear Off at Higher Doses, Research Suggests ... https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/05/130501192929.htm ...
	"Above 21 nanograms per milliliters, the data suggest that the protective effect appears to wear off"		"Above 21 nanograms per milliliters, the data suggest that the protective effect appears to wear off"

	* Need to find page to put link to for the d-metabolite feedback diagram.		* Need to find page to put link to for the d-metabolite feedback diagram.
	* Legacy content		* Legacy content
-	* http://www.curemyth1.org/view_topic.php?id=670&forum_id=2 how to post your d test results e21 e28	+	* https://www.curemyth1.org/view_topic.php?id=670&forum_id=2 how to post your d test results e21 e28
-	* http://www.marshallprotocol.com/forum32/2019.html how often should I test d levels? f214	+	* https://www.marshallprotocol.com/forum32/2019.html how often should I test d levels? f214
-	* http://www.marshallprotocol.com/forum32/1756.html can my 25-d be too low?	+	* https://www.marshallprotocol.com/forum32/1756.html can my 25-d be too low?
-	* http://www.marshallprotocol.com/forum32/1599.html importance of reducing 25-d f338	+	* https://www.marshallprotocol.com/forum32/1599.html importance of reducing 25-d f338

	Question, when both D2 & D3 are measured, is the D3 result alone considered the 25D value?		Question, when both D2 & D3 are measured, is the D3 result alone considered the 25D value?
-	* http://www.questdiagnostics.com/vitamind/index.html	+	* https://www.questdiagnostics.com/vitamind/index.html
-	* http://www.questdiagnostics.com/hcp/topics/endo/vitamin_d.html	+	* https://www.questdiagnostics.com/hcp/topics/endo/vitamin_d.html

	Also, what about claims that Quest's new testing is creating false "high" results...		Also, what about claims that Quest's new testing is creating false "high" results...
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	I'm really surprised that this kind of thing is going on!		I'm really surprised that this kind of thing is going on!

-	Zeta brought the Cannell/Quest info to a discussion here http://www.inspire.com/groups/national-osteoporosis-foundation/discussion/v itamin-d-testing-problem/ I didn't read it closely then because I don't use Quest.	+	Zeta brought the Cannell/Quest info to a discussion here https://www.inspire.com/groups/national-osteoporosis-foundation/discussion/v itamin-d-testing-problem/ I didn't read it closely then because I don't use Quest.

	I'm going to find out about the method used by my Lab, and Jacqueline I really appreciate that you brought this topic up again!		I'm going to find out about the method used by my Lab, and Jacqueline I really appreciate that you brought this topic up again!
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	Here are some of the links I checked:		Here are some of the links I checked:

-	http://laboratory-manager.advanceweb.com/Editorial/Content/Editorial.aspx?C C=191618	+	https://laboratory-manager.advanceweb.com/Editorial/Content/Editorial.aspx?C C=191618

-	http://mbnpa.org/files/documents/VitaminD/AccuracyInTestingVitaminD.pdf	+	https://mbnpa.org/files/documents/VitaminD/AccuracyInTestingVitaminD.pdf

-	http://www.questdiagnostics.com/hcp/topics/endo/vitamin_d.html	+	https://www.questdiagnostics.com/hcp/topics/endo/vitamin_d.html

-	http://www.curezone.com/forums/fm.asp?i=1345487 (or perhaps see http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2009/01/20/the-overwhelm ing-evidence-that-sunlight-fights-cancer.aspx )	+	https://www.curezone.com/forums/fm.asp?i=1345487 (or perhaps see https://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2009/01/20/the-overwhelm ing-evidence-that-sunlight-fights-cancer.aspx )

-	http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/reprint/87/4/1087S.pdf	+	https://www.ajcn.org/cgi/reprint/87/4/1087S.pdf
	----		----

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	Roux-en-y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery is associated with dramatic improvements in obesity-related comorbidity, but also with nutritional deficiencies. Vitamin D concentrations are depressed in the severely obese, but the impact of weight loss via RYGB is unknown. We determined associations between adiposity and systemic 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) during weight loss and the immediate and longer-term effects of RYGB. Plasma 25(OH)D concentrations and fat mass (FAT) were determined by immunoassay and air displacement plethysmography, respectively, at 0 (before RYGB surgery), and at 1, 6, and 24 months in severely obese white and African American (AA) women (n = 20). Decreases in adiposity were observed at 1, 6, and 24 months following RYGB (P < 0.05). Plasma 25(OH)D concentrations increased at 1 month (P = 0.004); a decreasing trend occurred over the remainder months after surgery (P = 0.02). Despite temporary improvement in vitamin D status, a high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency was observed (76, 71, 67, and 82%, at baseline, 1, 6, and 24 months, respectively), and plasma 25(OH)D concentrations were lower in AA compared to white patients (P < 0.05). Strong positive baseline and 1 month cross-sectional correlations between FAT and plasma 25(OH)D were observed, which remained after adjustment for age and race subgroup (β = 0.76 and 0.61, respectively, P = 0.02). In conclusion, 25(OH)D concentrations increased temporarily and then decreased during the 24 months following RYGB. The acute increase and the positive associations observed between adipose tissue mass and systemic 25(OH)D concentrations suggest storage in adipose tissue and release during weight loss</blockquote>.		Roux-en-y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery is associated with dramatic improvements in obesity-related comorbidity, but also with nutritional deficiencies. Vitamin D concentrations are depressed in the severely obese, but the impact of weight loss via RYGB is unknown. We determined associations between adiposity and systemic 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) during weight loss and the immediate and longer-term effects of RYGB. Plasma 25(OH)D concentrations and fat mass (FAT) were determined by immunoassay and air displacement plethysmography, respectively, at 0 (before RYGB surgery), and at 1, 6, and 24 months in severely obese white and African American (AA) women (n = 20). Decreases in adiposity were observed at 1, 6, and 24 months following RYGB (P < 0.05). Plasma 25(OH)D concentrations increased at 1 month (P = 0.004); a decreasing trend occurred over the remainder months after surgery (P = 0.02). Despite temporary improvement in vitamin D status, a high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency was observed (76, 71, 67, and 82%, at baseline, 1, 6, and 24 months, respectively), and plasma 25(OH)D concentrations were lower in AA compared to white patients (P < 0.05). Strong positive baseline and 1 month cross-sectional correlations between FAT and plasma 25(OH)D were observed, which remained after adjustment for age and race subgroup (β = 0.76 and 0.61, respectively, P = 0.02). In conclusion, 25(OH)D concentrations increased temporarily and then decreased during the 24 months following RYGB. The acute increase and the positive associations observed between adipose tissue mass and systemic 25(OH)D concentrations suggest storage in adipose tissue and release during weight loss</blockquote>.

-	The study discussed here: [[http://marshallprotocol.com/view_topic.php?id=8252&forum_id=39&jump_to=257136#p257136\|Tea and coffee consumption in relation to vitamin D and calcium levels in Saudi adolescents]] provides additional evidence that non-supplemented populations have low 25D. 330 Saudi adolescents with average 25D levels of 8-10ng/mL.	+	The study discussed here: [[https://marshallprotocol.com/view_topic.php?id=8252&forum_id=39&jump_to=257136#p257136\|Tea and coffee consumption in relation to vitamin D and calcium levels in Saudi adolescents]] provides additional evidence that non-supplemented populations have low 25D. 330 Saudi adolescents with average 25D levels of 8-10ng/mL.
-	===== References =====	+	===== References =====</nodisp>

04.14.2019		current
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	<relatedarticles> [[home:tests:25d\|Test: 25-D]], [[home:pathogenesis:vitamind:metabolism\|Metabolism of vitamin D and the Vitamin D Receptor]] </article>		<relatedarticles> [[home:tests:25d\|Test: 25-D]], [[home:pathogenesis:vitamind:metabolism\|Metabolism of vitamin D and the Vitamin D Receptor]] </article>

-	Also known as 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, 1,25-D is the active form of vitamin D, binding to and activating the Vitamin D Nuclear Receptor (VDR). 1,25-D is classified as a secosteroid and is tightly regulated by the body as are all the other hormones.(({{pubmed>long:19444938}})) For example, one study showed that patients given 800 IU/day of vitamin D for six weeks did not show any increase in blood levels of 1,25-D.(({{pubmed>long:18754003}}))	+	Also known as 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, 1,25-D is the active form of vitamin D, binding to and activating the Vitamin D Nuclear Receptor (VDR). 1,25-D is classified as a secosteroid and is tightly regulated by the body as are all the other hormones.(({{pmid>long:19444938}})) For example, one study showed that patients given 800 IU/day of vitamin D for six weeks did not show any increase in blood levels of 1,25-D.(({{pmid>long:18754003}}))


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	==== Of special note for women ====		==== Of special note for women ====

-	By their nature, levels of 1,25-D naturally fluctuate. Women who are interested in knowing their highest level of 1,25-D should have their blood drawn mid-cycle around Day 15 or so. This is at least according to one very small 1982 study, which demonstrated that the serum concentration of 1,25-D fluctuated with the menstrual cycle.(({{pubmed>long:6897337}})) Levels of 1,25-D were shown to be dramatically higher near ovulation in women not on the pill.	+	By their nature, levels of 1,25-D naturally fluctuate. Women who are interested in knowing their highest level of 1,25-D should have their blood drawn mid-cycle around Day 15 or so. This is at least according to one very small 1982 study, which demonstrated that the serum concentration of 1,25-D fluctuated with the menstrual cycle.(({{pmid>long:6897337}})) Levels of 1,25-D were shown to be dramatically higher near ovulation in women not on the pill.

	The higher the level, the more persuasive the evidence of Th1 inflammation will be for a doctor.		The higher the level, the more persuasive the evidence of Th1 inflammation will be for a doctor.
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-	MP patients getting their 1,25-D levels tested should ensure the [[home:tests:dtesting\|relevant instructions]] are closely followed including the freezing of blood samples. Over the course of at least 72 hours, 1,25-D does not appear to be degraded to any significant degree when stored at 24°C.(({{pubmed>long:7226510}}))	+	MP patients getting their 1,25-D levels tested should ensure the [[home:tests:dtesting\|relevant instructions]] are closely followed including the freezing of blood samples. Over the course of at least 72 hours, 1,25-D does not appear to be degraded to any significant degree when stored at 24°C.(({{pmid>long:7226510}}))

	===== Interpreting a 1,25-D test =====		===== Interpreting a 1,25-D test =====
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	Larger more reliable studies have found that healthy people have lower levels of 1,25-D than standard reference ranges might otherwise suggest.		Larger more reliable studies have found that healthy people have lower levels of 1,25-D than standard reference ranges might otherwise suggest.
-	* The largest and most reliable published study identifying a valid 1,25-D reference range is a Danish population study.(({{pubmed>long:10602348}})) For non-smokers, the average 1,25-D level was 29.0 pg/ml ± 9.5 pg/ml.	+	* The largest and most reliable published study identifying a valid 1,25-D reference range is a Danish population study.(({{pmid>long:10602348}})) For non-smokers, the average 1,25-D level was 29.0 pg/ml ± 9.5 pg/ml.
-	* A small study confirms these lower values when reporting a mean of 23.6 ± 1.3 pg/ml for 1,25-D in controls.(({{pubmed>long:6332830}}))	+	* A small study confirms these lower values when reporting a mean of 23.6 ± 1.3 pg/ml for 1,25-D in controls.(({{pmid>long:6332830}}))

	These ranges are consistent with levels measured from 1,700 patients at the University of Toronto and the Merck's Physicians' Handbook.		These ranges are consistent with levels measured from 1,700 patients at the University of Toronto and the Merck's Physicians' Handbook.
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	* [[home:pathogenesis:vitamind:forms\|Forms and structure of vitamin D]]		* [[home:pathogenesis:vitamind:forms\|Forms and structure of vitamin D]]
		+	* Calcium signalling in cell processes(({{pmid>long:31127110}}))

	{{tag>tests}}		{{tag>tests}}
		+	<nodisp>
	===== Notes and comments =====		===== Notes and comments =====

	* Legacy content		* Legacy content
-	* http://www.curemyth1.org/view_topic.php?id=670&forum_id=2 e21	+	* https://www.curemyth1.org/view_topic.php?id=670&forum_id=2 e21
	* effect of concurrent viral infection on 1,25-D f321 f343 ?		* effect of concurrent viral infection on 1,25-D f321 f343 ?
	* high initial 1,25-D mean less IP? f326		* high initial 1,25-D mean less IP? f326
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	* Quest diagnostics e22 e26 e27		* Quest diagnostics e22 e26 e27

-	===== References =====	+	===== References =====</nodisp>