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home:diseases:alzheimers_dementia [02.11.2019] – [Evidence of infectious cause] sallieq | home:diseases:alzheimers_dementia [09.14.2022] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1 | ||
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Meaning " | Meaning " | ||
- | Recent evidence suggests that infectious agents need serious investigation as potentially important factors that contribute to the progression, | + | Recent evidence suggests that infectious agents need serious investigation as potentially important factors that contribute to the progression, |
===== Diagnosis ===== | ===== Diagnosis ===== | ||
- | Physicians use the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to predict which patients have the highest risk of Alzheimer' | + | Physicians use the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to predict which patients have the highest risk of Alzheimer' |
In the clinical setting, Alzheimer' | In the clinical setting, Alzheimer' | ||
- | [{{ : | + | [{{ : |
===== Evidence of infectious cause ===== | ===== Evidence of infectious cause ===== | ||
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We are excited that someone [the team of Harvard researchers who first identified amyloid beta as an antimicrobial petide] is thinking out of the box in ways that others haven' | We are excited that someone [the team of Harvard researchers who first identified amyloid beta as an antimicrobial petide] is thinking out of the box in ways that others haven' | ||
- | //**Brian Balin, PhD**, [[http:// | + | //**Brian Balin, PhD**, [[https:// |
</ | </ | ||
- | * **Bacteria have already been shown to cause dementia and a corresponding deposit of amyloid proteins in a kind of syphilis** – It has been known for a century that dementia, brain atrophy and amyloidosis (deposit of amyloid proteins in organs or tissues) can be caused by chronic bacterial infections, namely by //Treponema pallidum// in the atrophic form of general paresis in syphilis.(({{pubmed> | + | * **Bacteria have already been shown to cause dementia and a corresponding deposit of amyloid proteins in a kind of syphilis** – It has been known for a century that dementia, brain atrophy and amyloidosis (deposit of amyloid proteins in organs or tissues) can be caused by chronic bacterial infections, namely by //Treponema pallidum// in the atrophic form of general paresis in syphilis.(({{pmid> |
- | * **Caregivers are more likely to get sick** – A subject whose spouse experienced incident dementia onset had a [[http:// | + | * **Caregivers are more likely to get sick** – A subject whose spouse experienced incident dementia onset had a [[https:// |
- | * **" | + | * **" |
- | * **Peripherally Applied Aβ-Containing Inoculates Induce Cerebral β-Amyloidosis** - Intraperitoneal inoculation with β-amyloid–rich extracts induced β-amyloidosis in the brains of β-amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice after prolonged incubation times, possibly indicating that bacteria were co-transported in the extracts.(({{pubmed> | + | * **Peripherally Applied Aβ-Containing Inoculates Induce Cerebral β-Amyloidosis** - Intraperitoneal inoculation with β-amyloid–rich extracts induced β-amyloidosis in the brains of β-amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice after prolonged incubation times, possibly indicating that bacteria were co-transported in the extracts.(({{pmid> |
- | * **Classic markers of inflammation are upregulated in Alzheimer' | + | * **Classic markers of inflammation are upregulated in Alzheimer' |
==== Specific pathogens already implicated in Alzheimer' | ==== Specific pathogens already implicated in Alzheimer' | ||
- | While many more pathogens will likely be identified in patients with Alzheimer' | + | While many more pathogens will likely be identified in patients with Alzheimer' |
- | Strong evidence is available for the presence of intracellular bacterium //Chlamydia pneumoniae// | + | Strong evidence is available for the presence of intracellular bacterium //Chlamydia pneumoniae// |
- | Finally, infection with // | + | Finally, infection with // |
===== Amyloid proteins, the hallmark of Alzheimer' | ===== Amyloid proteins, the hallmark of Alzheimer' | ||
- | According to the " | + | According to the " |
- | At this point, it seemed logical that stopping the production of amyloid-beta would also halt the cognitive decline associated with amyloid buildup. However, in a 2008 //Lancet// paper, Holmes //et al.// reported a trial in which an experimental vaccine succeeded in reducing production of amyloids (and the deposition of amyloids in the brain) but had no effect on neurological decline.(({{pubmed> | + | At this point, it seemed logical that stopping the production of amyloid-beta would also halt the cognitive decline associated with amyloid buildup. However, in a 2008 //Lancet// paper, Holmes //et al.// reported a trial in which an experimental vaccine succeeded in reducing production of amyloids (and the deposition of amyloids in the brain) but had no effect on neurological decline.(({{pmid> |
- | In a seminal 2010 study, a team of Harvard researchers showed that amyloid beta can act as an antimicrobial peptide, having antimicrobial activity against eight common microorganisms, | + | In a seminal 2010 study, a team of Harvard researchers showed that amyloid beta can act as an antimicrobial peptide, having antimicrobial activity against eight common microorganisms, |
< | < | ||
The similarities between Abeta [amyloid beta] and antimicrobials had been staring us in the face for decades. Abeta looks in size, structure, and biochemical properties like an antimicrobial peptide [called LL-37]. In fact, we have shown that it is a bonafide antimicrobial peptide. | The similarities between Abeta [amyloid beta] and antimicrobials had been staring us in the face for decades. Abeta looks in size, structure, and biochemical properties like an antimicrobial peptide [called LL-37]. In fact, we have shown that it is a bonafide antimicrobial peptide. | ||
- | //**Rudolph E. Tanzi, PhD**, [[http:// | + | //**Rudolph E. Tanzi, PhD**, [[https:// |
</ | </ | ||
- | If amyloid beta were an antimicrobial, | + | If amyloid beta were an antimicrobial, |
==== Role of the Vitamin D Receptor ==== | ==== Role of the Vitamin D Receptor ==== | ||
- | According to the Marshall Pathogenesis, | + | According to the Marshall Pathogenesis, |
- | ==== Other immune | + | |
+ | Roles of Brain Angiotensin II in Cognitive Function and Dementia. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Immune | ||
The most serious | The most serious | ||
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increased | increased | ||
- | [[http:// | + | [[https:// |
=====Is the Marshall Protocol applicable for dementia patients? | =====Is the Marshall Protocol applicable for dementia patients? | ||
- | //Int J Cardiol. 2016 Oct//: ACEIs and ARBs may effectively prevent all-cause dementia, particularly VD, in patients with type 2 DM and hypertension. Moreover, compared with ACEIs, ARBs appear to be more advantageous in dementia prevention. | + | //Int J Cardiol. 2016 Oct//: ACEIs and ARBs may effectively prevent all-cause dementia, particularly VD, in patients with type 2 DM and hypertension. Moreover, compared with ACEIs, ARBs appear to be more advantageous in dementia prevention. |
< | < | ||
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===== Role of lifestyle factors ===== | ===== Role of lifestyle factors ===== | ||
- | A 2011 study [[http:// | + | A 2011 study [[https:// |
This study fails to consider that such " | This study fails to consider that such " | ||
===== Other antimicrobial therapies ===== | ===== Other antimicrobial therapies ===== | ||
- | Use of antimicrobials have shown some promise in reducing symptoms of Alzheimer' | + | Use of antimicrobials have shown some promise in reducing symptoms of Alzheimer' |
===== Epidemiology and costs to society ===== | ===== Epidemiology and costs to society ===== | ||
- | Alzheimer’s disease affects approximately 4.5 million people in the U.S. and this number will increase as the population ages and the life-span increases. It is projected in 50 years, as the population ages and the life-span increases, AD will afflict approximately 14 million people.(({{pubmed> | + | Alzheimer’s disease affects approximately 4.5 million people in the U.S. and this number will increase as the population ages and the life-span increases. It is projected in 50 years, as the population ages and the life-span increases, AD will afflict approximately 14 million people.(({{pmid> |
- | Dementia, and specifically Alzheimer' | + | Dementia, and specifically Alzheimer' |
===== Read More ===== | ===== Read More ===== | ||
- | [[http:// | + | [[https:// |
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{{tag> | {{tag> | ||
+ | < | ||
===== Notes and comments ===== | ===== Notes and comments ===== | ||
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* Legacy content | * Legacy content | ||
- | * [[http:// | + | * [[https:// |
- | * [[http:// | + | * [[https:// |
< | < | ||
From: wrotekDate: 2011-08-07 00:57:22 | From: wrotekDate: 2011-08-07 00:57:22 | ||
- | Reply: | + | Reply: |
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From: edj2001Date: | From: edj2001Date: | ||
- | Reply: | + | Reply: |
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< | < | ||
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CONCLUSIONS/ | CONCLUSIONS/ | ||
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- | http:// | + | https:// |
</ | </ | ||
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PMID: 21740543</ | PMID: 21740543</ | ||
< | < | ||
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</ | </ | ||
- | ===== References ===== | + | ===== References =====</ |