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home:diseases:eyes [02.11.2019] – [Initial response to olmesartan] sallieqhome:diseases:eyes [09.14.2022] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
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   *  **iritis** – A form of anterior uveitis and refers to the inflammation of the iris of the eye.   *  **iritis** – A form of anterior uveitis and refers to the inflammation of the iris of the eye.
  
 +===== Recent research =====
 +
 +Lutein and Zeaxanthin—Food Sources, Bioavailability and Dietary Variety in Age-Related Macular Degeneration Protection
 +https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5331551/
 +
 +Getting the most out of spinach: Maximizing the antioxidant lutein
 +https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/12/181221123810.htm
 +Eat your spinach in the form of a smoothie or juice -- this is the best way to obtain the antioxidant lutein, according to new research. High levels of lutein are found in dark green vegetables, and researchers at the university have compared different ways of preparing fresh spinach in order to maximize the levels of lutein in finished food.
 +
 +Lutein and Brain Function
 +https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4638416/
 +Lutein is one of the most prevalent carotenoids in nature and in the human diet. Together with zeaxanthin, it is highly concentrated as macular pigment in the foveal retina of primates, attenuating blue light exposure, providing protection from photo-oxidation and enhancing visual performance. Recently, interest in lutein has expanded beyond the retina to its possible contributions to brain development and function. Only primates accumulate lutein within the brain, but little is known about its distribution or physiological role. Our team has begun to utilize the rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) model to study the uptake and bio-localization of lutein in the brain. Our overall goal has been to assess the association of lutein localization with brain function. In this review, we will first cover the evolution of the non-human primate model for lutein and brain studies, discuss prior association studies of lutein with retina and brain function, and review approaches that can be used to localize brain lutein. We also describe our approach to the biosynthesis of 13C-lutein, which will allow investigation of lutein flux, localization, metabolism and pharmacokinetics. Lastly, we describe potential future research opportunities.
 +
 +Inhibitory Effects of Lutein on Endotoxin-Induced Uveitis in Lewis Rats
 +https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2125584
 +Lutein deposits in the macula and lens of human eyes with high concentration and is well known as an eye-protective nutrient for its beneficial effects on eye disease such as age-related macular degeneration and cataract. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of lutein on endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) in rats.
 +...
 +Lutein suppressed the development of EIU in a dose-dependent fashion. The anti-inflammatory effect of 100 mg/kg lutein was as strong as that of 1 mg/kg dexamethasone. Treatment with lutein reduced the concentrations of NO, TNF-α, IL-6, PGE2, MCP-1, and MIP-2 in aqueous humor. Lutein also suppressed the activation of NF-κB in the ICB as well as iNOS and COX-2 expression and IκB degradation in RAW cells.
 +
 +Foods highest in Lutein+Zeaxanthin: (based on levels per 200-Calorie serving)
 +https://nutritiondata.self.com/foods-000138000000000000000.html#ixzz5o6l2k3dS
 +
 +Individual lutein and zeaxanthin values of common foods:
 +https://i.imgur.com/jhpvacY.png
  
 ===== Marshall Protocol for chronic eye diseases ===== ===== Marshall Protocol for chronic eye diseases =====
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 ==== Initial response to olmesartan ====   ==== Initial response to olmesartan ====  
  
-It should be noted that some patients experience a drop in eye inflammation as soon as they start the ARB medication olmesartan.  This is because aside from its ability to stimulate the innate immune system, olmesartan has significant anti-inflammatory properties. Benicar binds and blocks the Angiotensin Receptor, decreasing levels of Nuclear Factor Kappa B, a protein that stimulates the release of inflammatory cytokines - causing a drop in inflammation.  For example, when researchers at the Keio University School of Medicine used a bacterial endotoxin to create a condition similar to uveitis in mice, they found that the eye inflammation of the animals decreased significantly after they were administered [[home:othertreatments:immune_suppressants:telmisartan|Telmisartan]], +It should be noted that some patients experience a drop in eye inflammation as soon as they start the ARB medication olmesartan.  This is because aside from its ability to stimulate the innate immune system, olmesartan has significant anti-inflammatory properties. Benicar binds and blocks the Angiotensin Receptor, decreasing levels of Nuclear Factor Kappa B, a protein that stimulates the release of inflammatory cytokines - causing a drop in inflammation.   
- a dangerously different ARB.(({{pubmed>long:16043867}}))+ 
 +When researchers at the Keio University School of Medicine used a bacterial endotoxin to create a condition similar to uveitis in mice, they found that the eye inflammation of the animals decreased significantly after they were administered [[home:othertreatments:immune_suppressants:telmisartan|Telmisartan]], 
 + (a dangerously different ARB).(({{pmid>long:16043867}}))
  
  
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 =====Evidence of infectious cause===== =====Evidence of infectious cause=====
  
-Cell wall deficient bacteria have been detected on multiple occasions in the eye.  Researchers at Columbia under Emil Wirostko detected non-cultivable cell wall-deficient bacterial pathogens in patients with chronic ocular inflammatory disease. In one experiment, they injected these organisms into mouse eyelids, which subsequently caused the mice to develop inflammatory eye disease. They also found that these cell wall deficient pathogens could disseminate and cause similar inflammation in the heart, gut and lungs.(({{pubmed>long:8140710}}))+Cell wall deficient bacteria have been detected on multiple occasions in the eye.  Researchers at Columbia under Emil Wirostko detected non-cultivable cell wall-deficient bacterial pathogens in patients with chronic ocular inflammatory disease. In one experiment, they injected these organisms into mouse eyelids, which subsequently caused the mice to develop inflammatory eye disease. They also found that these cell wall deficient pathogens could disseminate and cause similar inflammation in the heart, gut and lungs.(({{pmid>long:8140710}}))
  
-Additionally, photographs by Emil Wirostko show a substantial number of L-form bacteria inside the immune system cells present in the vitreous of the eye.  Several years later, his son, Dr. William Wirostko, implicated bacteria such as //Staphylococcus hominis// and //Staphylococcus aureus// in inflammatory diseases of the eye.(({{pubmed>long:15043554}})) (({{pubmed>long:15860311}}))+Additionally, photographs by Emil Wirostko show a substantial number of L-form bacteria inside the immune system cells present in the vitreous of the eye.  Several years later, his son, Dr. William Wirostko, implicated bacteria such as //Staphylococcus hominis// and //Staphylococcus aureus// in inflammatory diseases of the eye.(({{pmid>long:15043554}})) (({{pmid>long:15860311}}))
  
  
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 ==== Age-related macular degeneration ==== ==== Age-related macular degeneration ====
  
-Similarly, researchers at the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary found //Chlamydia pneumoniae// present in the diseased eye tissue of five out of nine people with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) -  a disease in which the center of the inner lining of the eye, known as the macula area of the retina, suffers thinning, atrophy, and in some cases bleeding. However, the bacterium was not found in the eyes of more than 20 individuals without AMD.(({{pubmed>long:15909160}}))+Similarly, researchers at the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary found //Chlamydia pneumoniae// present in the diseased eye tissue of five out of nine people with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) -  a disease in which the center of the inner lining of the eye, known as the macula area of the retina, suffers thinning, atrophy, and in some cases bleeding. However, the bacterium was not found in the eyes of more than 20 individuals without AMD.(({{pmid>long:15909160}}))
  
-AMD can result in loss of central vision, which entails the inability to see fine details, to read, or to recognize faces. According to the American Academy of Ophthalmology, it is the leading cause of central vision loss (blindness) in the United States today for people over 50 years of age. “The paper showed that //C. pneumoniae// is capable of modifying the function of important cell types involved in regulating normal eye function,” [[http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2005/11/051110221819.htm|said]] lead author Murat Kalayoglu, MD, PhD.(({{pubmed>long:15909160}}))+AMD can result in loss of central vision, which entails the inability to see fine details, to read, or to recognize faces. According to the American Academy of Ophthalmology, it is the leading cause of central vision loss (blindness) in the United States today for people over 50 years of age. “The paper showed that //C. pneumoniae// is capable of modifying the function of important cell types involved in regulating normal eye function,” [[https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2005/11/051110221819.htm|said]] lead author Murat Kalayoglu, MD, PhD.(({{pmid>long:15909160}}))
  
 === Recent research into AMD === === Recent research into AMD ===
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 CONCLUSIONS:  CONCLUSIONS: 
-High adherence to a Mediterranean diet and regular physical activity seem to be protective factors for AMD in a Portuguese population. The effect of the diet is likely driven by the increased consumption of vegetables, fruits, and nuts.  (({{pubmed>long:29547735}}))+High adherence to a Mediterranean diet and regular physical activity seem to be protective factors for AMD in a Portuguese population. The effect of the diet is likely driven by the increased consumption of vegetables, fruits, and nuts.  (({{pmid>long:29547735}}))
  
  
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 We also found probable evidence that higher intakes of meat increased the risk of cataracts and macular degeneration. Dietary calcium and iron appeared protective against glaucoma, but not in supplemental form.  We also found probable evidence that higher intakes of meat increased the risk of cataracts and macular degeneration. Dietary calcium and iron appeared protective against glaucoma, but not in supplemental form. 
  
-We would caution intake of supplementary antioxidants for those with ocular disease.   (({{pubmed>long:28582804}}))+We would caution intake of supplementary antioxidants for those with ocular disease.   (({{pmid>long:28582804}}))
  
 ==== Diabetic macular edema ==== ==== Diabetic macular edema ====
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 CONCLUSIONS:  CONCLUSIONS: 
-Higher homocysteine levels were associated with an increased CSMT, AMT, and AMV in diabetic patients without DME. This link may indicate that patients with type 2 diabetes with increased levels of plasma tHcy are more prone to develop a clinical manifestation of DME.   (({{pubmed>long:28391536}}))+Higher homocysteine levels were associated with an increased CSMT, AMT, and AMV in diabetic patients without DME. This link may indicate that patients with type 2 diabetes with increased levels of plasma tHcy are more prone to develop a clinical manifestation of DME.   (({{pmid>long:28391536}}))
  
  
 ==== Cataracts ==== ==== Cataracts ====
  
-Similarly, Wirostko’s group noted that cataracts developed in the eyes of 14 of the 15 mice who had been exposed to the cell wall deficient forms, whereas no cataracts developed in the eyes of 200 control mice that had not come in contact with the pathogens.  This data led the team to suggest that cell wall deficient organisms can penetrate the lens capsule to produce cataracts, and that these same organisms could cause human cataracts.(({{pubmed>long:1751463}}))+Similarly, Wirostko’s group noted that cataracts developed in the eyes of 14 of the 15 mice who had been exposed to the cell wall deficient forms, whereas no cataracts developed in the eyes of 200 control mice that had not come in contact with the pathogens.  This data led the team to suggest that cell wall deficient organisms can penetrate the lens capsule to produce cataracts, and that these same organisms could cause human cataracts.(({{pmid>long:1751463}}))
  
  
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 In a prospective, non-randomised, comparative study, Kountouras et al found that the frequency of HP infection in a group of glaucoma patients was higher than in control subjects.8 In their study, HP infection was histologically confirmed in 88.2% of glaucoma patients. In a prospective, non-randomised, comparative study, Kountouras et al found that the frequency of HP infection in a group of glaucoma patients was higher than in control subjects.8 In their study, HP infection was histologically confirmed in 88.2% of glaucoma patients.
  
-<blockquote>Uveitic glaucoma is a common complication of uveitis affecting some 20% of patients.  The term uveitic glaucoma is used to describe glaucoma resulting indirectly or directly from uveitis.  Glaucoma is more commonly associated with anterior uveitis and with chronic forms of uveitis.  Uveitis and its treatment can lead to elevated intraocular pressure  (IOP).  A persistent rise in IOP can lead to glaucamatous optic neuropathy and visual field loss. Intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation in uveitis can be secondary to open angle  or angle closure mechanisms.  It can also be to due corticosteroid induced glaucoma. The pathogenesis may be acute in onset, with rapid onset inflammation, obstruction of intertrabecular spaces and subsequent increased IOP. The pathogenesis may also be chronic, with repeated bouts of uveitis leading to fibroblastic infiltration and formation of scar tissue that slowly obstructs the anterior chamber angle.  [[http://eyewiki.aao.org/Uveitic_Glaucoma|Uveitic glaucoma]]</blockquote>+<blockquote>Uveitic glaucoma is a common complication of uveitis affecting some 20% of patients.  The term uveitic glaucoma is used to describe glaucoma resulting indirectly or directly from uveitis.  Glaucoma is more commonly associated with anterior uveitis and with chronic forms of uveitis.  Uveitis and its treatment can lead to elevated intraocular pressure  (IOP).  A persistent rise in IOP can lead to glaucamatous optic neuropathy and visual field loss. Intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation in uveitis can be secondary to open angle  or angle closure mechanisms.  It can also be to due corticosteroid induced glaucoma. The pathogenesis may be acute in onset, with rapid onset inflammation, obstruction of intertrabecular spaces and subsequent increased IOP. The pathogenesis may also be chronic, with repeated bouts of uveitis leading to fibroblastic infiltration and formation of scar tissue that slowly obstructs the anterior chamber angle.  [[https://eyewiki.aao.org/Uveitic_Glaucoma|Uveitic glaucoma]]</blockquote>
  
  
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 Symptoms of uveitis include redness of the eye, blurred vision, photosensitivity (photophobia), dark floating spots along the visual field, and eye pain. Symptoms of uveitis include redness of the eye, blurred vision, photosensitivity (photophobia), dark floating spots along the visual field, and eye pain.
  
-Some cases are widely accepted to be due to bacteria or viruses. Other cases are associated with "autoimmune diseases" including Crohn's disease, multiple sclerosis, and sarcoidosis.(({{pubmed>long:16942393}}))+Some cases are widely accepted to be due to bacteria or viruses. Other cases are associated with "autoimmune diseases" including Crohn's disease, multiple sclerosis, and sarcoidosis.(({{pmid>long:16942393}}))
  
-In a 2008 prospective study of 1,321 patients with uveitis, a team of French researchers used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to search for evidence of microbes. Researchers found a variety of fastidious and difficult-to-grow bacteria including spirochetes, //Bartonella// species, intracellular bacteria (//Chlamydia// species, //Rickettsia// species, //Coxiella burnetii//), and //Tropheryma whipplei// along with herpes viruses and fungi. //Bartonella quintana, Coxiella burnetii, Paracoccus yeei, Aspergillus oryzae,// and //Cryptococcus albidus// were found to be associated with uveitis for the first time. The fact that PCR was not able to find microbes in all samples may be a tribute to this technology's weaknesses.(({{pubmed>long:18520326}}))+In a 2008 prospective study of 1,321 patients with uveitis, a team of French researchers used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to search for evidence of microbes. Researchers found a variety of fastidious and difficult-to-grow bacteria including spirochetes, //Bartonella// species, intracellular bacteria (//Chlamydia// species, //Rickettsia// species, //Coxiella burnetii//), and //Tropheryma whipplei// along with herpes viruses and fungi. //Bartonella quintana, Coxiella burnetii, Paracoccus yeei, Aspergillus oryzae,// and //Cryptococcus albidus// were found to be associated with uveitis for the first time. The fact that PCR was not able to find microbes in all samples may be a tribute to this technology's weaknesses.(({{pmid>long:18520326}}))
  
  
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 //**Trevor Marshall, PhD**//</blockquote> //**Trevor Marshall, PhD**//</blockquote>
  
-The Vitamin D Receptor is involved in the transcription of several key proteins that form the structure of the retina. According to researchers at McGill University,(({{pubmed>long:16002434}})) these proteins include:+The Vitamin D Receptor is involved in the transcription of several key proteins that form the structure of the retina. According to researchers at McGill University,(({{pmid>long:16002434}})) these proteins include:
   * Epidermal retinal dehydrogenase   * Epidermal retinal dehydrogenase
   * Retinal outer segment membrane protein   * Retinal outer segment membrane protein
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 sarcoidosis (Hedfort Syndrome), uveitis sarcoidosis (Hedfort Syndrome), uveitis
  
-Read the [[http://bacteriality.com/2007/11/19/interview12|interview]]+Read the [[https://bacteriality.com/2007/11/19/interview12|interview]]
  
 <html></div></div></html> <html></div></div></html>
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 5 Cambridge Center 8th Floor 5 Cambridge Center 8th Floor
 Cambridge, MA 02142  Cambridge, MA 02142 
-http://www.mersi.us. +https://www.mersi.us. 
 Phone 617-621-6377  Phone 617-621-6377 
 Fax 617-494-1430   Fax 617-494-1430  
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 Dr. Foster wrote a book on uveitis; he and his research group have published a huge number of articles on it. Because he is such a well-known specialist, he has seen more cases of uveitis than pretty much anyone else. Dr. Foster wrote a book on uveitis; he and his research group have published a huge number of articles on it. Because he is such a well-known specialist, he has seen more cases of uveitis than pretty much anyone else.
  
-Here is a [[http://www.mersi.com/physicians/c-steven-foster-md-facs-facr/|link]] to his background and publication details:+Here is a [[https://www.mersi.com/physicians/c-steven-foster-md-facs-facr/|link]] to his background and publication details:
  
-You can also contact the [[http://www.uveitis.org/patients/support|online patient support group]] that Dr. Foster supports. People there may have recommendations for doctors to see in your area.+You can also contact the [[https://www.uveitis.org/patients/support|online patient support group]] that Dr. Foster supports. People there may have recommendations for doctors to see in your area.
  
 If you are faced with eye surgery or complicated-to-manage inflammatory eye conditions , it would be a good idea to get Dr. Foster's input. You and your doctor may not want to do what he says, but he has much more experience in this area than almost anyone else. He is unfamiliar with the MP, and, in fact, considers most inflammatory eye disease to be autoimmune in nature (not caused by active bacterial infection). However, for managing essential eye surgery, we have also consulted doctors trained by Dr. Foster.  If you are faced with eye surgery or complicated-to-manage inflammatory eye conditions , it would be a good idea to get Dr. Foster's input. You and your doctor may not want to do what he says, but he has much more experience in this area than almost anyone else. He is unfamiliar with the MP, and, in fact, considers most inflammatory eye disease to be autoimmune in nature (not caused by active bacterial infection). However, for managing essential eye surgery, we have also consulted doctors trained by Dr. Foster. 
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 +<nodisp>
 ===== Notes and comments ===== ===== Notes and comments =====
  
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 Study Shows Bacterium Present in Eyes with "Wet" Age-Related Macular Degeneration Study Shows Bacterium Present in Eyes with "Wet" Age-Related Macular Degeneration
-http://www.meei.harvard.edu/what/press.php+https://www.meei.harvard.edu/what/press.php
  
 ARB reduces Uveitis due to bacterial toxin ARB reduces Uveitis due to bacterial toxin
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 There is an article in PubMed Central in which Wirostko explains how mollicutes, transfected from humans, infected first the eyes of mice, then their whole bodies. Somehow it has slipped my attention since I first saw it. You might be interested to take a look. The images are not as compelling as the the original publications from the 1980's, however There is an article in PubMed Central in which Wirostko explains how mollicutes, transfected from humans, infected first the eyes of mice, then their whole bodies. Somehow it has slipped my attention since I first saw it. You might be interested to take a look. The images are not as compelling as the the original publications from the 1980's, however
  
-http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1298461/?page=1+https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1298461/?page=1
  
  
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 </blockquote> </blockquote>
-===== References =====+===== References =====</nodisp> 
home/diseases/eyes.1549927262.txt.gz · Last modified: 02.11.2019 by sallieq
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