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home:othertreatments:antioxidants [07.03.2011] – [Interference with apoptosis] paulalberthome:othertreatments:antioxidants [09.14.2022] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
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 Evidence supporting the efficacy of antioxidants against disease is limited. Evidence supporting the efficacy of antioxidants against disease is limited.
  
-Supplementation with antioxidants beyond the [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reference_Daily_Intake|Recommended Daily Intake]] is contraindicated for Marshall Protocol (MP) patients. One exception is quercetin. Quercetin has well-defined molecular actions, and is used by MP patients for its palliative effects.+Supplementation with antioxidants beyond the [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reference_Daily_Intake|Recommended Daily Intake]] is contraindicated for Marshall Protocol (MP) patients. One exception is quercetin. Quercetin has well-defined molecular actions, and is used by MP patients for its palliative effects.
  
  
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 ==== Interference with apoptosis ==== ==== Interference with apoptosis ====
  
-Apoptosis, or regulated cell suicide, eliminates unwanted and damaged cells, including precancerous and cancerous cells. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are chemically-reactive molecules containing oxygen, which act to neutralize antioxidants, regulate apoptosis(({{pubmed>long:11256882}})). In their 2000 study, Salganki //et al.// reasoned that since ROS act as essential apoptotic mediators, increasing the ROS level might enhance apoptosis and thereby slow down tumor growth.(({{pubmed>long:10783311}})) Provocatively, that team showed that tumor growth was inhibited in mice fed an antioxidant-depleted diet while an antioxidant-rich diet had no impact on tumor growth. This work, while preliminary, offers one mechanism how megadoses of antioxidants are not protective against cancer and may actually exacerbate unchecked cell growth.+Apoptosis, or regulated cell suicide, eliminates unwanted and damaged cells, including precancerous and cancerous cells. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are chemically-reactive molecules containing oxygen, which act to neutralize antioxidants, regulate apoptosis(({{pmid>long:11256882}})). In their 2000 study, Salganki //et al.// reasoned that since ROS act as essential apoptotic mediators, increasing the ROS level might enhance apoptosis and thereby slow down tumor growth.(({{pmid>long:10783311}})) Provocatively, that team showed that tumor growth was inhibited in mice fed an antioxidant-depleted diet while an antioxidant-rich diet had no impact on tumor growth. This work, while preliminary, offers one mechanism how megadoses of antioxidants are not protective against cancer and may actually exacerbate unchecked cell growth.
  
  
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 Since the early 1990s scientists have been putting antioxidants through their paces, using double-blind randomised controlled trials - the gold standard for medical intervention studies. Time and again, however, the supplements failed to pass the test. True, they knock the wind out of free radicals in a test tube. But once inside the human body, they seem strangely powerless. Not only are they bad at preventing oxidative damage, they can even make things worse. At worst, antioxidants may even have the opposite effect, promoting the very problems they are supposed to stamp out. Since the early 1990s scientists have been putting antioxidants through their paces, using double-blind randomised controlled trials - the gold standard for medical intervention studies. Time and again, however, the supplements failed to pass the test. True, they knock the wind out of free radicals in a test tube. But once inside the human body, they seem strangely powerless. Not only are they bad at preventing oxidative damage, they can even make things worse. At worst, antioxidants may even have the opposite effect, promoting the very problems they are supposed to stamp out.
  
-//**Lisa Melton**, [[http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg19125631.500-the-antioxidant-myth-a-medical-fairy-tale.html|New Scientist]]// </blockquote>+//**Lisa Melton**, [[https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg19125631.500-the-antioxidant-myth-a-medical-fairy-tale.html|New Scientist]]// </blockquote>
  
  
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 <blockquote> <blockquote>
-In 1992 researchers at the US National Cancer Institute set about testing beta carotene. They recruited more than 18,000 people at high risk of developing lung cancer, either because they smoked or had been exposed to asbestos, and gave around half of them beta carotene supplements.(({{pubmed>long:8602180}})) The trial was supposed to run for six years, but the researchers pulled the plug two-thirds of the way through after discovering, to their surprise and horror, that those taking supplements were faring worse than the controls. Their lung cancer rate was 28 per cent higher, and the overall death rate was up 17 per cent. "It was a shock. It not only did no good but had the potential to do harm," Halliwell says. +In 1992 researchers at the US National Cancer Institute set about testing beta carotene. They recruited more than 18,000 people at high risk of developing lung cancer, either because they smoked or had been exposed to asbestos, and gave around half of them beta carotene supplements.(({{pmid>long:8602180}})) The trial was supposed to run for six years, but the researchers pulled the plug two-thirds of the way through after discovering, to their surprise and horror, that those taking supplements were faring worse than the controls. Their lung cancer rate was 28 per cent higher, and the overall death rate was up 17 per cent. "It was a shock. It not only did no good but had the potential to do harm," Halliwell says. 
  
-//**Lisa Melton**, [[http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg19125631.500-the-antioxidant-myth-a-medical-fairy-tale.html|New Scientist]]// </blockquote>+//**Lisa Melton**, [[https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg19125631.500-the-antioxidant-myth-a-medical-fairy-tale.html|New Scientist]]// </blockquote>
  
 ==== Vitamin E ==== ==== Vitamin E ====
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 It's a similar story with the world's most popular antioxidant.... Several [vitamin E studies] found no protective effect and one even concluded that vitamin E increased the risk of heart failure.  It's a similar story with the world's most popular antioxidant.... Several [vitamin E studies] found no protective effect and one even concluded that vitamin E increased the risk of heart failure. 
  
-//**Lisa Melton**, [[http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg19125631.500-the-antioxidant-myth-a-medical-fairy-tale.html|New Scientist]]// </blockquote>+//**Lisa Melton**, [[https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg19125631.500-the-antioxidant-myth-a-medical-fairy-tale.html|New Scientist]]// </blockquote>
  
 ====Vitamin C ==== ====Vitamin C ====
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 Vitamin C is another disappointment. "People are still trying to defend it, but you don't get an effect on free radical damage unless you start with people with a vitamin C deficiency," says Halliwell. "I think it is a lost cause." In fact, results from a vast US trial probing the links between diet and health, called the Women's Health Study, suggest that vitamin C supplements may accelerate atherosclerosis in some people with diabetes.  Vitamin C is another disappointment. "People are still trying to defend it, but you don't get an effect on free radical damage unless you start with people with a vitamin C deficiency," says Halliwell. "I think it is a lost cause." In fact, results from a vast US trial probing the links between diet and health, called the Women's Health Study, suggest that vitamin C supplements may accelerate atherosclerosis in some people with diabetes. 
  
-//**Lisa Melton**, [[http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg19125631.500-the-antioxidant-myth-a-medical-fairy-tale.html|New Scientist]]// </blockquote>+//**Lisa Melton**, [[https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg19125631.500-the-antioxidant-myth-a-medical-fairy-tale.html|New Scientist]]// </blockquote>
  
  
-Researchers at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center studied the effects of vitamin C on cancer cells.(({{pubmed>long:18829561}})) As it turns out, the vitamin seems to protect not just healthy cells, but cancer cells, too. “The use of vitamin C supplements could have the potential to reduce the ability of patients to respond to therapy,” said Dr. Mark Heaney, an associate attending physician at the cancer center.+Researchers at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center studied the effects of vitamin C on cancer cells.(({{pmid>long:18829561}})) As it turns out, the vitamin seems to protect not just healthy cells, but cancer cells, too. “The use of vitamin C supplements could have the potential to reduce the ability of patients to respond to therapy,” said Dr. Mark Heaney, an associate attending physician at the cancer center.
  
 Dr. Heaney and his colleagues tested five different chemotherapy drugs on cancer cells in the laboratory. Some of the cells were first treated with vitamin C. In each case and in dose-dependent fashion, chemotherapy did not work as well if cells had been exposed to vitamin C. The chemotherapy agents killed 30 to 70 percent fewer cancer cells when the cells were treated with the vitamin. Dr. Heaney and his colleagues tested five different chemotherapy drugs on cancer cells in the laboratory. Some of the cells were first treated with vitamin C. In each case and in dose-dependent fashion, chemotherapy did not work as well if cells had been exposed to vitamin C. The chemotherapy agents killed 30 to 70 percent fewer cancer cells when the cells were treated with the vitamin.
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 ==== Selenium ==== ==== Selenium ====
  
-A food frequency questionaire administered to 7,182 women in Northern Italy found that increased dietary selenium intake was associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes.(({{pubmed>long:20858268}}))+A food frequency questionaire administered to 7,182 women in Northern Italy found that increased dietary selenium intake was associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes.(({{pmid>long:20858268}}))
  
 ==== Other compounds ==== ==== Other compounds ====
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 ===== Read more ===== ===== Read more =====
  
-* [[http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/10/01/vitamin-c-may-interfere-with-cancer-treatment/|Vitamin C May Interfere With Cancer Treatment]]+* [[https://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/10/01/vitamin-c-may-interfere-with-cancer-treatment/|Vitamin C May Interfere With Cancer Treatment]]
  
  
 {{tag>non-MP_therapies}} {{tag>non-MP_therapies}}
 +<nodisp>
 ===== Notes and comments ===== ===== Notes and comments =====
-EDIT+
  
 "It may well be that the only one benefiting from supplements is the one making the profits." "It may well be that the only one benefiting from supplements is the one making the profits."
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   * Legacy content   * Legacy content
-    * http://www.marshallprotocol.com/view_topic.php?id=1078&forum_id=32&jump_to=86524#p86524 f33+    * https://www.marshallprotocol.com/view_topic.php?id=1078&forum_id=32&jump_to=86524#p86524 f33
     *      * 
     * This whole article is awkward reading. Can some of the block quotes be worked into text blocks or the sources be made more evident?  --- //Joyful 06.29.2009//     * This whole article is awkward reading. Can some of the block quotes be worked into text blocks or the sources be made more evident?  --- //Joyful 06.29.2009//
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 Another important mechanism involved in the host response to infection is oxidative stress, which plays a major role in the systemic inflammatory response in bacterial(16178750) and viral infections.(15944946)(Olteanu, see EndNote) Another important mechanism involved in the host response to infection is oxidative stress, which plays a major role in the systemic inflammatory response in bacterial(16178750) and viral infections.(15944946)(Olteanu, see EndNote)
  
-===== References =====+===== References =====</nodisp> 
home/othertreatments/antioxidants.1309718199.txt.gz · Last modified: 07.03.2011 by paulalbert
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