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home:pathogenesis:evidence_bacteria [01.13.2020] – [Other evidence] sallieqhome:pathogenesis:evidence_bacteria [01.13.2020] – [Other evidence] sallieq
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 ===== Other evidence ===== ===== Other evidence =====
  
-There is also the following types of evidence, the first three of which are noted in a [[http://www.medicinejournal.co.uk/article/S1357-3039(06)00185-X/abstract|1998 article]] and 2005 paper(({{pubmed>long:9779355}})) by David Relman and David Fredricks:+There is also the following types of evidence, the first three of which are noted in a [[http://www.medicinejournal.co.uk/article/S1357-3039(06)00185-X/abstract|1998 article]] and 2005(({{pubmed>long:9779355}})) paper by David Relman and David Fredricks:
   * **Clinical features** – Chronic diseases often share the same clinical presentation as those of known infectious diseases including fever and leucocytosis (an elevated number of white cells in the blood).   * **Clinical features** – Chronic diseases often share the same clinical presentation as those of known infectious diseases including fever and leucocytosis (an elevated number of white cells in the blood).
   * **Histology** – The inflammation of affected tissues in a chronic disease is very similar to inflammation caused by infection of characteristic microbial structures. [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granuloma|Granuloma]] (an organized collection of immune cells) are widely agreed to be precipitated by infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, leprosy, histoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis and syphilis.(({{pubmed>long:14527294}})) However, a number of researchers continue to assume that certain chronic diseases such as sarcoidosis and Crohn's disease are not caused by infection even though they present with granuloma which are similar to those found in diseases known to be infectious. In fact, a Japanese team showed that one could use //Propionibacterium acnes// in mice to induce lung granuloma mimicking sarcoidosis.(({{pubmed>long:20424662}}))   * **Histology** – The inflammation of affected tissues in a chronic disease is very similar to inflammation caused by infection of characteristic microbial structures. [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granuloma|Granuloma]] (an organized collection of immune cells) are widely agreed to be precipitated by infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, leprosy, histoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis and syphilis.(({{pubmed>long:14527294}})) However, a number of researchers continue to assume that certain chronic diseases such as sarcoidosis and Crohn's disease are not caused by infection even though they present with granuloma which are similar to those found in diseases known to be infectious. In fact, a Japanese team showed that one could use //Propionibacterium acnes// in mice to induce lung granuloma mimicking sarcoidosis.(({{pubmed>long:20424662}}))
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   * **[[transmission|Transmission of disease through blood, bone marrow, organs or other tissues]]** – Organs and tissue from sarcoidosis patients have been known to cause sarcoidosis in the transplanted recipients.(({{pubmed>long:12002380}})) (({{pubmed>long:7951107}})) (({{pubmed>long:11607780}}))   * **[[transmission|Transmission of disease through blood, bone marrow, organs or other tissues]]** – Organs and tissue from sarcoidosis patients have been known to cause sarcoidosis in the transplanted recipients.(({{pubmed>long:12002380}})) (({{pubmed>long:7951107}})) (({{pubmed>long:11607780}}))
   * **Disease appearing in tattoos** – Over the last 40 years, there have been numerous reports of patients developing skin cancer in their tattoos including melanoma, basal cell carcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas, and keratoacanthomas.(({{pubmed>long:18617744}})) Also, the literature contains multiple reports of sarcoidosis patients developing skin lesions within tattoos. According to one researcher, this is "a well-recognized occurrence in patients with sarcoidosis."(({{pubmed>long:16027303}})) That a tattoo procedure could induce this kind of reaction strongly suggests that diseases such as cancer and sarcoidosis are caused by the introduction of infectious pathogens through contaminated needles.    * **Disease appearing in tattoos** – Over the last 40 years, there have been numerous reports of patients developing skin cancer in their tattoos including melanoma, basal cell carcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas, and keratoacanthomas.(({{pubmed>long:18617744}})) Also, the literature contains multiple reports of sarcoidosis patients developing skin lesions within tattoos. According to one researcher, this is "a well-recognized occurrence in patients with sarcoidosis."(({{pubmed>long:16027303}})) That a tattoo procedure could induce this kind of reaction strongly suggests that diseases such as cancer and sarcoidosis are caused by the introduction of infectious pathogens through contaminated needles. 
-  * **Disease appearing in scars** – There are several case reports of sarcoidosis lesions forming within scars, which are especially susceptible to infection. That these granuloma often take long periods of time to be realized corresponds with the growth rate of the slow-growing chronic pathogens which the Marshall Pathogenesis implicates in chronic disease.(({{pubmed>long:17243430}})) According to one report, a patient developed sarcoid granuloma fully 50 years after his initial injury.(({{pubmed>long:19094856}})) Sorabee //et al// write(({{pubmed>long:15640432}})) that in addition to reactivation of scars obtained from previous wounds, scar sarcoidosis has been reported at the sites of previous intramuscular injections, blood donation venepuncture sites, scars of herpes zoster,(({{pubmed>long:10086879}})) sarcoidosis on ritual scarification,(({{pubmed>long:2917808}})) and at the sites of allergen extracts for desensitisation.(({{pubmed>long:1458650}})) +  * **Disease appearing in scars** – There are several case reports of sarcoidosis lesions forming within scars, which are especially susceptible to infection. That these granuloma often take long periods of time to be realized corresponds with the growth rate of the slow-growing chronic pathogens which the Marshall Pathogenesis implicates in chronic disease.(({{pubmed>long:17243430}})) According to one report, a patient developed sarcoid granuloma fully 50 years after his initial injury.(({{pubmed>long:19094856}})) Sorabee //et al// write that in addition to reactivation of scars obtained from previous wounds(({{pubmed>long:15640432}})), scar sarcoidosis has been reported at the sites of previous intramuscular injections, blood donation venepuncture sites, scars of herpes zoster,(({{pubmed>long:10086879}})) sarcoidosis on ritual scarification,(({{pubmed>long:2917808}})) and at the sites of allergen extracts for desensitisation.(({{pubmed>long:1458650}})) 
   * **Absence of an effect for most chemicals thought to be toxic** – In contrast to infectious agents, little evidence implicates typical doses of dietary chemicals as primary causes of human cancer. Paul Ewald, PhD has concluded that humans have evolved effective flexible enzymatic systems for degrading potentially carcinogenic chemicals.(({{pubmed>long:9255573}})) Even aflatoxins, which are one of the most carcinogenic of dietary constituents, may exert their negative effects largely in conjunction with viral infection.(({{pubmed>long:9270015}}))   * **Absence of an effect for most chemicals thought to be toxic** – In contrast to infectious agents, little evidence implicates typical doses of dietary chemicals as primary causes of human cancer. Paul Ewald, PhD has concluded that humans have evolved effective flexible enzymatic systems for degrading potentially carcinogenic chemicals.(({{pubmed>long:9255573}})) Even aflatoxins, which are one of the most carcinogenic of dietary constituents, may exert their negative effects largely in conjunction with viral infection.(({{pubmed>long:9270015}}))
   * **Difficulty distinguishing autoimmune disease from infectious disease** – Although they have identified a signature that distinguishes healthy individuals from sarcoidosis or tuberculosis patients, the biosignatures of both diseases are nevertheless very similar. According to the [[http://www.mpg.de/5771449/biosignatures_tuberculosis_sarcoidosis|Max Planck Institute]], it is almost impossible to distinguish between tuberculosis and sarcoidosis with just a single signature. A set of different biosignatures is better suited for distinguishing in a first step between diseased and healthy individuals and, in a further step, between the specific diseases.   * **Difficulty distinguishing autoimmune disease from infectious disease** – Although they have identified a signature that distinguishes healthy individuals from sarcoidosis or tuberculosis patients, the biosignatures of both diseases are nevertheless very similar. According to the [[http://www.mpg.de/5771449/biosignatures_tuberculosis_sarcoidosis|Max Planck Institute]], it is almost impossible to distinguish between tuberculosis and sarcoidosis with just a single signature. A set of different biosignatures is better suited for distinguishing in a first step between diseased and healthy individuals and, in a further step, between the specific diseases.
home/pathogenesis/evidence_bacteria.txt · Last modified: 09.14.2022 by 127.0.0.1
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