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home:pathogenesis:vitamind:metabolism [01.01.2019] – [Metabolism of vitamin D and the Vitamin D Receptor] sallieqhome:pathogenesis:vitamind:metabolism [01.01.2019] – [Notes and comments] sallieq
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 A number of studies have suggested that patients with chronic inflammatory diseases are deficient in 25-hydroxyvitamin-D (25-D) and that consuming greater quantities of vitamin D, which elevates 25-D levels, alleviates symptoms of disease. Some years ago, molecular biology identified 25-D as a secosteroid. Secosteroids would typically be expected to depress inflammation, which is in line with the reports of symptomatic improvement. The simplistic first-order mass-action model used to guide the early vitamin studies has given way to a more complex description of action. When active, the Vitamin D nuclear receptor (VDR) affects transcription of at least 913 genes and impacts processes ranging from calcium metabolism to expression of key antimicrobial peptides.  A number of studies have suggested that patients with chronic inflammatory diseases are deficient in 25-hydroxyvitamin-D (25-D) and that consuming greater quantities of vitamin D, which elevates 25-D levels, alleviates symptoms of disease. Some years ago, molecular biology identified 25-D as a secosteroid. Secosteroids would typically be expected to depress inflammation, which is in line with the reports of symptomatic improvement. The simplistic first-order mass-action model used to guide the early vitamin studies has given way to a more complex description of action. When active, the Vitamin D nuclear receptor (VDR) affects transcription of at least 913 genes and impacts processes ranging from calcium metabolism to expression of key antimicrobial peptides. 
  
-Located in the nucleus of a variety of cells including immune cells, the VDR is a control system of sorts. When exposed to infection and damage, especially that which is caused by pathogens, the body begins to convert the inactive form 25-D into the active form, 1,25-D. As cellular concentrations of 1,25-D increase, 1,25-D activates the VDR, turning on any number of genes the receptor transcribes.  [[https://autoimmunityresearch.org/hormones.pdf|Hormonal changes result from change in 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin-D]]+Located in the nucleus of a variety of cells including immune cells, the VDR is a control system of sorts. When exposed to infection and damage, especially that which is caused by pathogens, the body begins to convert the inactive form 25-D into the active form, 1,25-D. As cellular concentrations of 1,25-D increase, 1,25-D activates the VDR, turning on any number of genes the receptor transcribes.  
 +  
 +[[https://autoimmunityresearch.org/hormones.pdf|Hormonal changes result from change in 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin-D]]
  
 According to a 2010 analysis, the VDR significantly affects 229 human genes. Many of these genes have long been associated with autoimmune diseases and cancers including, for example, the genes IRF8 (linked to multiple sclerosis), and PTPN2 (connected to Crohn's disease and type I diabetes).(({{pubmed>long:20736230}})) The activation of certain genes also leads to the synthesis of antimicrobial peptides. The antimicrobial peptides are the body's "natural antibiotics" and have a potent anti-bacterial effect. According to a 2010 analysis, the VDR significantly affects 229 human genes. Many of these genes have long been associated with autoimmune diseases and cancers including, for example, the genes IRF8 (linked to multiple sclerosis), and PTPN2 (connected to Crohn's disease and type I diabetes).(({{pubmed>long:20736230}})) The activation of certain genes also leads to the synthesis of antimicrobial peptides. The antimicrobial peptides are the body's "natural antibiotics" and have a potent anti-bacterial effect.
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 <blockquote> <blockquote>
-Not sure where this should go. Here? Psoriasis? Innate immunity?+Not sure where this should go. Here? Psoriasis? Innate immunity?  MOVING >Psoriasis
  
 PLoS One. 2009 Jul 22;4(7):e6340. PLoS One. 2009 Jul 22;4(7):e6340.
home/pathogenesis/vitamind/metabolism.txt · Last modified: 09.14.2022 by 127.0.0.1
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