
While there are notable exceptions, the Marshall ProtocolA curative medical treatment for chronic inflammatory disease. Based on the Marshall Pathogenesis. (MP) should not be combined with any other protocols, treatments or supplements, especially those which are immunosuppressive or immunomodulatory. Using other treatments while on the MP can impede progress on the MP – or be dangerous to MP patients.
For intolerable symptoms, certain palliative medications such as sleep medication, pain medication, and antidepressants are acceptable. It is generally recommend that MP patients use the lowest dose of medication that is effective.
Non-MP medications, treatments, and supplements can be classified into one of three categories:
contraindicated - wean with the help of a physician
warning - therapy may be used under certain circumstances
okay - acceptable under all circumstances
MP patients are expected to be forthright about all non-MP supplements and medications they are taking when starting the MP. MP patients are also expected to wean or wean from those substances which are contraindicated. An extensive, but not complete, list is shown below. MP patients should consult with their physicians if they have questions.
Please note that there are instances where it is acceptable for MP patients to take certain palliative medicines or supplements. Supplements that give patients needed palliative relief for intolerable symptoms can be used. For example, if a patient has abdominal pain that is relieved by milk thistle, or if a supplement improves the quality of their sleep, then its use is permitted. Similarly, if a patient cannot obtain the RDA of a necessary nutrient, such as calcium, from diet alone, sometimes a supplement may be appropriate. (This does not apply to vitamin D.)
While the medications used on the MP have excellent safety profiles, it is not fully known how they might interact with all other medications. MP patients should ask their physician or pharmacist to review all of their non-MP medications with this in mind.
Growing evidence supports the contention that chronic diseases are caused by pathogens, not by a deficiency in some substance.
The body and the innate immune system represent a delicate balance between cells' nuclear receptorsIntracellular receptor proteins that bind to hydrophobic signal molecules (such as steroid and thyroid hormones) or intracellular metabolites and are thus activated to bind to specific DNA sequences which affect transcription. and the molecules that control numerous complex and intertwined feedback pathways. Any substance, including supplements and food, can bind key receptors and alter feedback pathways, potentially interfering with immune function or dysregulating a pathway that regulates important hormones.
Most of the body’s healing processes work better if they are left alone while you are on the MP. The concept that we should intervene in these diseases with supplements or therapies has not worked, and I deprecate it. I have seen this happen so often before…trying to Band-Aid the metabolite shifts [with supplements] will not help recovery and will often make the disease worse. They are almost always counter-productive.
Trevor Marshall, PhD
A broad array of substances can palliate symptoms at the expense of long-term health improvement. If patients with latent pathogens feel better after taking a supplement, it’s almost always because the substance is affecting a pathway that allows it to slow the activity of the immune system. By palliating the immune response, use of the substance temporarily decreases the inflammationThe complex biological response of vascular tissues to harmful stimuli such as pathogens or damaged cells. It is a protective attempt by the organism to remove the injurious stimuli as well as initiate the healing process for the tissue. generated in response to the bacteria, causing a feeling of “wellness.” Yet, as in the case of vitamin D, this situation in which the immune system is depressed simply allows the bacteria to spread with greater ease.
We surgeons have been operating on the gut for literally thousands of years and the microbiotaThe bacterial community which causes chronic diseases - one which almost certainly includes multiple species and bacterial forms. has just been this extraordinary elephant in the room. We seem to have completely ignored the fact that we've co-evolved with thousands of bacteria over millions of years and that they somehow may be important to our health. As doctors, we routinely do terrible things to the microbiota and I'm sure this has implications for our health.
James Kinross, Imperial College of London at 2008 International Conference on Metagenomics
| Type of substance | Varieties | Recommendation | Rationale | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| anesthestics | general anesthetics – epinephrine, norepinephrine, levonordefrine; local anesthetics – lidocaine (xylocaine), mepivicaine (Isocaine), prilocaine (Citanest) | avoid epinephrine and other general anesthetics when possible; consult with MD about epi-pen | epinephrine can have side effects | ||
| anti-anxiety agents and antidepressants | amitriptyline (Apo-amitriptyline, Elatrol, Elavil, Endep, Laroxyl, Saroten, Sarotex, Tryptizol), aripiprazole (Abilify), bupropion (Budeprion SR/XL, Bupropion SR/XL, Wellbutrin SR/XL, Zetron, Zyban SR), citalopram (Alcytan, Celexa, Cipramil, Cittá), diazepam (Ducene, Ivax Pharm, Stesolid, Valium), duloxetine (Cymbalta), escitalopram (Cipralex, Esipram, Lexapro, Seroplex), fluoxetine (Actan, Fluxene, Lorien, Lovan, Prozac, Tuneluz), nortriptyline (Aventyl, Norpress, Pamelor), paroxetine (Aropax, Paxil, Paxil CR, Paxxet , Pexeva, Sereupin, Seroxat), sertraline (Eleva, Lustral, Sertra, Xydep, Zoloft), trazodone (APO-Trazodone, Desyrel, Donaren), venlafaxine (Effexor, Effexor XR, PMS-Venlafaxine XR, Venlafaxine XR) | use to manage intolerable symptoms; when symptoms become tolerable, work with MD to wean slowly | may be immunomodulatory | ||
| antibacterials, non-MP | doxycycline, high-dose antibiotics, isoniazid (Nydrazid), methotrexate (Trexall, Rheumatrex), metronidazole (Flagyl), Sulfasalazine, hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil), myambutol (Ethambutol), pyrazinamide, rifampicin | wean | immunomodulatory | ||
| antibiotics, beta-lactam | ampicillin, cephalosporin (Rocephin/Ceftriaxone), penicillin, imipenem/cilastatin (Primaxin) | wean | leads to formation of L-form bacteriaDifficult-to-culture bacteria that lack a cell wall and are not detectable by traditional culturing processes. Sometimes referred to as cell wall deficient bacteria. | ||
| antibiotics, fluoroquinolone | ciprofloxacin (Cipro), gatifloxacin (Tequin), levofloxacin (Levaquin/Quixin), moxifloxacin (Avelox), norfloxacin (Noroxin), ofloxacin (Ocuflox/Floxin/Floxacin) | can be used only for acute infections | ineffective, possibility of resistance | ||
| anticoagulants | aspirin, Heparin, warfarin (Coumadin) | wean all use of anticoagulants except aspirin and only in the event of a cardiac emergency | possibly unpredictable effects | ||
| anticonvulsant and antiseizure agents | baclofen (Lioresal) , carbamazepine (Carbatrol, Equetro, Novo-Carbamazepine, Tegral, Tegretol), carisoprodol (Soma), clonazepam (Klonopin), divalproex sodium (Depakote), gabapentin (Neurontin, Nupentin, Ratio-Gabapentin), lamotrigine (Lamictal), oxcarbazepine (Trileptal), phenobarbital, phenytoin (Dilantin), pregabalin (Lyrica), topiramate (Topamax), valproic acid (Depakene) | use to manage intolerable symptoms; when symptoms become tolerable, work with MD to wean slowly | may be immunomodulatory | ||
| antidiarrheal agents | Lomotil, Imodium | unless diarrhea is due to food poisoning or other acute infection, it is not advisable to stop diarrhea unless it is causing dehydration or the cramping is intolerable | |||
| antifungal agents | fluconazole (Diflucan), griseofulvin (Fulvicin), itraconazole (Sporonox), ketoconazole (Nizoral) nystatin, terfinabine (Lamisil) | wean unless absolutely necessary | immunomodulatory | ||
| antihistamines | cetirizine (Zyrtec, Zirtek, Reactine), desloratadine (Aerius, Delot, Claramax, Clarinex, NeoClarityn), Dimetapp, dimenhydrinate (Dramamine), diphenhydramine (Benadryl, Nytol), NyQuil | avoid except for intolerable symptoms | immunomodulatory | ||
| anti-TNF drugs | adalimumab (Humira), Enbrel (etanercept), infliximab (Remicade), pentoxyfyllene (Trental) | wean | immunosuppressive | ||
| anti-ulcer agents | omeprazole (Losec, Prilosec) | can be used only if adjusting MP meds and use of low-carb diet does not reduce gastric reflux; take 3 hours away from antibiotics | can interfere with proper digestion | ||
| antiviral agents | acyclovir (Zovirax),famciclovir (Famvir), ganciclovir (Cytovene and Cymevene), osletamivir (Tamiflu), valganciclovir (Valcyte), valcyclovir HCL (Valtrex), zanamivir (Relenza) | wean | immunomodulatory | ||
| bone density conservation agents | calcitonin (Miacalcin nasal spray), raloxifene (Evista), teriparatide (Forteo); bisphosphonates – alendronate (Alendro, Fosamax), etidronate (Didronel), ibandronate (Boniva), pamidronate (Aredia), risedronate (Actonel), tiludronate (Skelid), zoledronic acid (Zometa, Zomera, Aclasta and Reclast) | wean | calcium deposition into soft tissues, reduced organ function | ||
| chemotherapy | | ||||
| corticosteroids | beclomethasone (Beconase), betamethasone, cortisol, cortisone, Deflazacort, dexamethasone (Decadron), DHEA, fluticazone (Flonase), fludrocortisone (Florinef), hydrocortisone (Cortef), methylprednisolone (Medrol, Medrol DosePak, Solu-Medrol, Solu-Medrol infusion), prednisolone (Prednisone), triamcinolone | wean | immunosuppressive | ||
| diet pills | orlistat (Xenical), rimonabant (Acomplia) | wean; low-carb diet safer | ineffective | ||
| diuretics, potassium-sparing | amiloride (Midamor), furosemide (Furix, Lasix), spironolactone (Aldactone, Spiractin), triamterene (Dyrenium) | wean all but Lasix | all except Lasix cause potassium retention | ||
| diuretics, thiazide | chlorthalidone (Hygroton), chlorothiazide (Diuril), hydrochlorothiazide (added to medications – HCT, HCTZ; brand names – Aquazide H, HydroDIURIL, Microzide), indapamide (Lozol) | wean | unnecessarily taxing on kidneys | ||
| ergot alkaloids | ergoloid (Hydergine, Hydergina, Gerimal, Niloric, Redizork, Alkergot, Cicanol, Redergin.), ergotamine, cafergot | wean | may interfere with MP antibiotics, unknown mechanism of action | ||
| eye medications and eye drops | cyclosporine (Restasis), Nevanac, Optive, prednisolone (Prednisone), terramycin | wean steroids; use Optive or artificial tears instead | a number of eye meds are immunosuppressive | ||
| hormone and pro-hormone therapy | birth control; female hormones – estradiol (Climara HRT patch, Delestrogen, Divigel, Estrace, Estrium, Menostar, Vagifem, Vivelle, Vivelle-Dot Patch), estrogens, pregnenolone, Premarin, progesterone, progestin; human growth hormone; male hormones – DHEA, testosterone; thyroid hormones – cytomel (Liothyronine Sodium), levothyroxine (Eltroxin, Euthyrox, Levothroid, Levoxyl, L-Thyroxine, Synthroid, Unithroid) | avoid unless intolerable deficiency | interfere with Benicar’s control of VDRThe Vitamin D Receptor. A nuclear receptor located throughout the body that plays a key role in the innate immune response. and PPARgamma receptors | ||
| hypoglycemics | Avandamet (contains rosiglitazone), exenatide (Byetta), pioglitazone (Actos), metformin (Glucophage, Glumetza, Ratio-Metformin), nateglinide (Starlix), rosiglitazone (Avandia) | wean | affects TNF-alpha secretion and atherosclerotic development, or interacts with olmesartan (Benicar)Medication taken regularly by patients on the Marshall Protocol for its ability to activate the Vitamin D Receptor. | ||
| immune boosters | allergy shots (immunotherapy), gamma-Globulins, naltrexone (Low-Dose Naltrexone (LDN)), glyconutrients (D-mannose, D-ribose) | wean | limited evidence of efficacy, the last thing the majority of MP patients need is an elevated immune response | ||
| immunosuppressants | alefacept (Amevive), azathioprine (Imuran), basiliximab (Simulect), chlorambucil (Leukeran), cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan, Neosar, Revimmune), cyclosporine (Restasis), Muromonab-CD3, pentoxifylline (Trental), sirolimus (Rapamune), tacrolimus (Advagraf, Prograf, Protopic) | wean | immunomodulatory | ||
| inhalers, bronchodilator | albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin, Accu-Hale), formoterol (Foradil, Oxis, Oxese), levalbuterol (Xopenex), metaproterenol sulfate (Alupent), montelukast (Azlaire, Singulair), pirbuterol (Maxair), salmeterol (Serevent), tiotropium bromide (Spiriva) | acceptable and sometimes essential to reduce shortness of breath | not immunosuppressive as steroids are | ||
| inhalers, steroid | Advair, beclomethasone dipropionate (Vanceril, Qvar), budesonide (Pulmicort), Combivent, Duoneb, flunisolide (Aerobid), fluticasone (Flovent, Flixotide, Seretide, Advair), Seretide, Symbicort (budesonide w/formoterol), triamcinolone acetonide (Azmacort) | wean; work with MD to switch to bronchodilators | immunosuppressive | ||
| interferon | interferon alpha 2a (Roferon A); interferon alpha 2b (Intron A); human leukocyte interferon-alpha (Multiferon); interferon beta 1a, liquid form (Rebif); interferon beta 1a, lyophilized (Avonex); interferon beta 1b SubQ (Betaseron); interferon gamma 1b (Actimmune); pegylated interferon alpha 2a (Pegasys); pegylated interferon alpha 2b (PegIntron) | wean | immunomodulatory | ||
| mast cell stabilizers | Cromoglicate, Nedocromil | wean | |||
| NSAIDS (Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs) | COX-2 inhibitors – celecoxib (Celebrex); salicylates – aspirin; acetaminophen (Tylenol), ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), minocyclineBacteriostatic antibiotic used by Marshall Protocol patients. | minocycline is best option; avoid/wean COX-2 inhibitors; use other meds in moderation | |||
| pain medications | acetaminophen (paracetamol), aspirin, diazepam (Valium), hydrocodone-acetaminophen (Lortab, Norco, Percocet, Vicodin, Xodol), morphine, naproxen (Aleve, Anaprox, Naprelan 375, Naprosyn), oxycodone (Oxycontin), oxycodone-acetaminophen (Oxycocet, Percocet), pregabalin (Lyrica), propoxyphene-acetaminophen (Darvocet, Propox-N), tramadol (Ultracet, Ultram, Ultram ER, Zytram XL) | use as necessary to modulate intolerable immunopathologyAn unbearable or unsafe severity of bacterial die-off reaction. | immunomodulatory | ||
| sleep medications | clonazepam (Klonopin, PMS-Clonazepam, Rivotril, Rivotril drops), eszopiclone (Lunesta), melatonin, Nytol, temazepam (Restoril, Temazep), trazodone (APO-Trazodone, Desyrel, Donaren), zolpidem (Ambien, Ambien CR, Hypnogen, Stilnoct (Stilnox)) | take lowest possible dose to reduce intolerable symptoms; wean as symptoms allow | |||
| statins and other anti-cholesterol drugs | statins – atorvastatin (Lipitor), cholestipol (Cholestid), colesevalam HCL (Welchol), ezetimibe (Zetia), ezetimibe and simvastatin (Vytorin), fenofibrate (Tricor), fluvastatin (Lescol), lovastatin (Mevacor), Omacor, pravastatin (Pravachol), rosuvastatin (Crestor), simvastatin (Zocor); gemfibrozil (Lopid, Gemcor), cholestyramine (Questran), pantethine, Red yeast rice (monascus purpureus) | wean | immunomodulatory | ||
| stimulants | dextroamphetamine and amphetamine (Adderall, Adderall XR, d-amphetamine), caffeine, modafinil (Alertec, Modiodal, Provigil), methylphenidate (Concerta, Methylin, Methylphenid, Ritalin) | modafinil acceptable only if patient has diagnosed narcolepsy; caffeine acceptable in limited amounts | immunomodulatory | ||
| vitamin D and analogues | calciferol, calcitriol (Calcijex, Rocaltrol), calcifediol (Calderol), calcipotriol, calcipotriene (Dovonex), cholecalciferol aka vitamin D3Form of vitamin D made in the skin when exposed to light. Also available in fish and meat. This secosteroid is sometimes converted into 25-D. Also known as cholecalciferol and activated 7-dehydrocholesterol., ergocalciferol aka vitamin D2Form of vitamin D created by plants and fungi. When ingested the secosteroid is (sometimes) converted into 25-D. Also known as ergocholecalciferol. (Drisdol), Delta-D, Radiostol, Radiostol Forte | wean | immunosuppressive | ||
One of the abiding concerns with MP patients' use of over-the-counter supplements is that they contain occult vitamin D, even though it is not listed on the label. A number of supplements are immunomodulatory. Many lack evidence supporting their efficacy.
| Name | Varieties | Recommendation | Rationale | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| aloe vera | wean | patient report of palliation | |||
| antacids | follow label directions; take at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after taking other meds | can interfere with absorption in GI tract | |||
| antioxidants | alpha lipoic acid, beta carotene, coenzyme Q10, glutathione, grape seed extract, green tea, melatonin, quercetin, selenium, vitamin C, vitamin E | wean supplements; exception: quercetin, which is only to be use to manage excessive immunopathologyA temporary increase in disease symptoms experienced by Marshall Protocol patients that results from the release of cytokines and endotoxins as disease-causing bacteria are killed. | immunomodulatory | ||
| baking soda | sodium bicarbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate | may have adverse reaction | may help with shortness of breath | ||
| calcium | can be used if there's a deficiency; avoid if hypercalciuria or hypercalcemia; no more than RDA for sarcoidosis patients | ||||
| chlorine dioxide | miracle mineral supplement, MMS solution | stop | non-MP antimicrobial exposes to danger of provoking runaway IP, does not restore innate immune function | ||
| colloidal silver | wean | unproven, turns skin grey | |||
| essential fatty acids (EFAs) | cod liver oil, fish oil, flax seed oil, hemp oil, omega-3 fatty acids, primrose oil, sunflower oil | wean | often contains vitamin D; may also be immunosuppressive through other mechanisms | ||
| enzymes | bromelain , serrapeptase | wean | immunomodulatory | ||
| glucosamine/chondroitin | wean | inhibits resolution of joint inflammation | |||
| guaifenesin | pills, syrup | acceptable in limited amounts; has skeletal muscle relaxant activity | mildly immunosuppressive | ||
| herbs, spices and other plants as supplements | cinnamon, curcumin, curry, garlic, ginkgo biloba, ginseng, hawthorn, milk thistle, mustard, rosemary, olive leaf extract, oregano oil, sage, turmeric | can be used in cooking; avoid supplemental forms | immunomodulatory | ||
| iron | avoid unless diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia | contributes to inflammation | |||
| magnesium | limited amounts can be used if not getting RDA | ||||
| minerals | calcium, iodine, iron, magnesium, potassium | | |||
| potassium | take only with MD approval and frequent testing | kidney disease could lead to renal resorption | |||
| probiotics | acidophilus | can be consumed if in food naturally; otherwise wean | some immunomodulatory, some are anticoagulants | ||
| propolis | bee propolis, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), propolis resin, propolis wax | may be used infrequently, i.e., chewing gum; otherwise wean | antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, potent allergen and sensitizing agent | ||
| quercetin | not to be used when taking Warfarin; acceptable for occasional use in moderating intolerable immunopathology | anti-inflammatory | |||
| vitamins | folic acid and derivatives (Apo-Folic, Folate, Folvite, Novofolacid), vitamin A, vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin), vitamin C (ascorbic acid), vitamin D, vitamin E | wean supplements | immunomodulatory | ||
| whey protein | naturally occurring can be consumed; avoid supplemental form | wean | may contain vitamin D; may be immunomodulatory | ||
| Name or type | Varieties | Recommendation | Rationale | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| acupuncture | use only for pain relief | ||||
| air purifiers | acceptable | ||||
| bacteriophage therapy | wean | may be immunosuppressive; encourages horizontal DNA transfer | |||
| baths, Epsom salt | acceptable, using tepid water | relieves pain, provides magnesium sulfate via the skin | |||
| baths, hot | may exacerbate immunopathology | can perfuse tissues with antibiotics | |||
| breathing exercises | acceptable, as time allows | reduces anxiety, oxygenates tissues | |||
| detoxification | chelation (removal of heavy metals), enemas, flushes | chelation disallowed; no official stance on other forms of detox; consult your MD | dangerous, limited evidence | ||
| homeopathy | wean | limited evidence | |||
| juicing | wean | may contain high levels of sugar and chlorogenic acid, which is immunomodulatory | |||
| magnets | wean | no evidence | |||
| massage and other manipulation therapies | acupressure, chiropractic, craniosacral therapy, manual lymphatic drainage, massage, osteopathic manipulation, physical therapy | use judiciously | can exacerbate immunopathology | ||
| mouthwash | ACT, cepacol, cetylpyridinium chloride (Crest Pro-Health, Viadent, Pro-Health Night), Listerine, Scope | mouthwashes with cetylpyridinium chloride and without FD&C Yellow #5 or Tartrazine, E103 recommended | |||
| nebulizers | delivers liquid respiratory medication in the form of a mist | may be necessary for those with pulmonary problems | |||
| oxygen, supplemental | may be necessary for those with pulmonary problems | respiratory dysfunction can be dangerous | |||
| pets | spend some time with dog or cat | time spent with furry creatures can reduce anxiety/stress | |||
| pH balancing | alkalizing solutions, hyperbaric oxygen therapy | wean | limited evidence, reflects a simplistic understanding of the immune system | ||
| physical activity and exercise | walking, weightlifting, yoga | build activity slowly; don't exercise to excess | can exacerbate immunopathology or be immunosuppressive | ||
| prolotherapy | proliferative injection therapy | wean | increases inflammation | ||
| Rife | avoid the kind with light tubes; the other is a placebo | limited/no evidence of efficacy | |||
| saunas | traditional saunas, far infrared saunas (FIR) | saunas: use judiciously; FIR: avoid | FIR catalyze creation of vitamin D | ||
| sunshine exposure | light therapy | avoid | raises vitamin D levels, immunomodulatory, may cause intolerable immunopathology | ||
| TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation) | okay for muscle pain and headaches; consult with your MD | dangerous for patients with pacemakers | |||
| trigger point therapy | can help with pain | ||||
| visualization techniques | can help with depression and anxiety | ||||
1) Essential Oils from Young Living - they offer supplements (like Royaldophilus which is a capsule (meant to be taken orally as a probiotic) I broke open, mixed the contents with a little olive oil and applied to severe genital itch-itch that I had had for weeks went away in 2 days), oils used on the skin (like purification and oregano which I apply to cuts and surgical wounds to prevent infection), aromatherapy (like purification and thieves which can be diffused to improve air quality) and personal care products (like toothpaste and shampoo).
Young Living is a MLM mail order company and claims to have the best therapeutic quality oils, but essential oils are also available OTC at health food stores.
2) Breathe-Rite Strips - I use these every night to help me breathe better
3) Kinesiology - I think I am using the correct term. An acquaintance used this and deemed it curative :? for lyme. The lady described it as used to 'break up' the lyme cysts. If I have the wrong term, you or Trevor may know the name of the therapy I am describing.
Carol, MarshallProtocol.com
*EFAs section: says re cod liver oil & fish oil “often contains vit D”. Would be clearer to say “naturally high in vit D & not required to declare it”. Mouthwash section says: “mouthwashes with cetylpyridinium chloride and without FD&C Yellow #5 or Tartrazine, E103 recommended” - confusing - Tartrazine is E102. E103 is banned in US & Europe. — Julia 2009/01/05 18:20
*Meds list: “general anesthetics – epinephrine, norepinephrine, levonordefrine” These would be an ingredient of local anesthetics here in UK – ‘general’ wd be ones that knock you out. Incidentally, epinephrine is the US term for what everyone else calls adrenaline, so it wd be good to include the term adrenaline in that section. Section “inhalers, bronchiodilator” where I changed the spelling to bronchodilator – this may have broken a link? — Julia 2009/01/05 18:40
No reference to Lithium. Pubmed 7598629 states that it inhibits protein kinase C and affects gene transcription. — Joyful 2009/06/25 12:38
No reference to St. John's Wort. Common antidepressant. — Joyful 08.16.2009
Resource for market drug information:
Joyful: what's up with the section on bromelain? First of all, the body is full of enzymes. And how do we know that bromelain, etc. is immunomodulatory? — Paul Albert 07.05.2010