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home:alternate [10.13.2018] – [Spontaneous remission theory] sallieqhome:alternate [09.14.2022] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
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 <mainarticle> [[home:alternate:environment|Environmental causation of disease]] </article> <mainarticle> [[home:alternate:environment|Environmental causation of disease]] </article>
  
-Chronic inflammatory diseases have existed for at least thousands of years. Manifestations of both arteriosclerosis can be observed in mummies of ancient Egypt. [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ötzi_the_Iceman|Ötzi the Neolithic Iceman]] who lived around 3300 BC was found to have arthritis.+Chronic inflammatory diseases have existed for at least thousands of years. Manifestations of both arteriosclerosis can be observed in mummies of ancient Egypt. [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ötzi_the_Iceman|Ötzi the Neolithic Iceman]] who lived around 3300 BC was found to have arthritis.
  
 This relative consistency of disease prevalence suggests that a number of the proposed environmental causes for disease, like man-made toxins and junk food are not the exclusive cause. This relative consistency of disease prevalence suggests that a number of the proposed environmental causes for disease, like man-made toxins and junk food are not the exclusive cause.
  
-It has been widely hypothesized that lifestyle factors, including a poor diet and a lack of exercise, are driving what the World Health Organization [[http://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/publications/facts/obesity/en/|has termed]] "an obesity epidemic," but even the most ambitious obesity intervention programs, which have gone to great lengths to increase rates of exercise and improve eating habits of a population, have been, for lack of a better term, failures. +It has been widely hypothesized that lifestyle factors, including a poor diet and a lack of exercise, are driving what the World Health Organization has termed "an obesity epidemic," but even the most ambitious obesity intervention programs, which have gone to great lengths to increase rates of exercise and improve eating habits of a population, have been, for lack of a better term, failures. 
  
 In contrast to infectious agents, little evidence implicates typical doses of dietary chemicals as primary causes of human cancer, probably because humans have evolved effective flexible enzymatic systems for degrading potentially carcinogenic chemicals. In contrast to infectious agents, little evidence implicates typical doses of dietary chemicals as primary causes of human cancer, probably because humans have evolved effective flexible enzymatic systems for degrading potentially carcinogenic chemicals.
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 There are currently a range of diseases for which there is [[home:pathogenesis:evidence_bacteria#epidemiological_evidence|epidemiological evidence]], [[home:pathogenesis:evolution|evolutionary evidence]], and [[home:pathogenesis:evidence_bacteria#other_evidence|other kinds of evidence]] strongly suggesting bacterial involvement. [[home:pathogenesis:kochs_postulates|Koch's postulates]] stipulate that chronic diseases caused by infections must be caused by a single species of pathogen, yet the minority of chronic diseases have been shown to be caused by a single species of pathogen.    There are currently a range of diseases for which there is [[home:pathogenesis:evidence_bacteria#epidemiological_evidence|epidemiological evidence]], [[home:pathogenesis:evolution|evolutionary evidence]], and [[home:pathogenesis:evidence_bacteria#other_evidence|other kinds of evidence]] strongly suggesting bacterial involvement. [[home:pathogenesis:kochs_postulates|Koch's postulates]] stipulate that chronic diseases caused by infections must be caused by a single species of pathogen, yet the minority of chronic diseases have been shown to be caused by a single species of pathogen.   
      
-Take Crohn's disease as an example. The following types and species of bacteria have been found in patients with Crohn's: L-form bacteria(({{pubmed>long:6134652}})), //Bacteroides fragilis//(({{pubmed>long:88760}})), //Chlamydia trachomatis//(({{pubmed>long:83465}})), //Listeria monocytogenes//(({{pubmed>long:7729631}})), //Mycobacterium avium//, subspecies paratuberculosis(({{pubmed>long:12843021}})), //Mycobacterium kansasii//(({{pubmed>long:80630}})), and //Pseudomonas maltophilia//(({{pubmed>long:780185}})). Yet none of these species are found consistently in Crohn's.+Take Crohn's disease as an example. The following types and species of bacteria have been found in patients with Crohn's: L-form bacteria(({{pmid>long:6134652}})), //Bacteroides fragilis//(({{pmid>long:88760}})), //Chlamydia trachomatis//(({{pmid>long:83465}})), //Listeria monocytogenes//(({{pmid>long:7729631}})), //Mycobacterium avium//, subspecies paratuberculosis(({{pmid>long:12843021}})), //Mycobacterium kansasii//(({{pmid>long:80630}})), and //Pseudomonas maltophilia//(({{pmid>long:780185}})). Yet none of these species are found consistently in Crohn's.
  
-For a 19th century researcher, Robert Koch had a strong, even visionary, grasp of molecular biology, but he did not have access to molecular tools. Koch might be shocked to learn the extent to which different species engage in [[home:pathogenesis:horizontal_gene|horizontal gene transfer]], to the point where the very definition of "species" may have to be reconsidered.(({{pubmed>long:15752428}}))+For a 19th century researcher, Robert Koch had a strong, even visionary, grasp of molecular biology, but he did not have access to molecular tools. Koch might be shocked to learn the extent to which different species engage in [[home:pathogenesis:horizontal_gene|horizontal gene transfer]], to the point where the very definition of "species" may have to be reconsidered.(({{pmid>long:15752428}}))
  
 The best way to resolve this inconsistency is to say simply that Koch was wrong and that chronic diseases are caused by a multitude of species and forms – a [[:home:pathogenesis:microbiota|metagenomic microbiota]]. The best way to resolve this inconsistency is to say simply that Koch was wrong and that chronic diseases are caused by a multitude of species and forms – a [[:home:pathogenesis:microbiota|metagenomic microbiota]].
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 {{tag>Pathogenesis Alternate_models}} {{tag>Pathogenesis Alternate_models}}
  
 +<nodisp>
 ===== Notes and comments ===== ===== Notes and comments =====
 +//broken link//
 + [[https://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/publications/facts/obesity/en/|has termed]]
  
  
   * Legacy content   * Legacy content
-    * [[http://www.marshallprotocol.com/users/5.html]] f127 +    * [[https://www.marshallprotocol.com/users/5.html]] f127 
     * s320a      * s320a 
-    * [[http://www.marshallprotocol.com/view_topic.php?id=3220&forum_id=37&jump_to=76179#p76179]] s253 +    * [[https://www.marshallprotocol.com/view_topic.php?id=3220&forum_id=37&jump_to=76179#p76179]] s253 
     * f169      * f169 
-    * [[http://www.marshallprotocol.com/forum32/3010.html#p26580]] f206  +    * [[https://www.marshallprotocol.com/forum32/3010.html#p26580]] f206  
-    * [[http://www.marshallprotocol.com/view_topic.php?id=3010&forum_id=32&jump_to=83422#p83422]] f207  +    * [[https://www.marshallprotocol.com/view_topic.php?id=3010&forum_id=32&jump_to=83422#p83422]] f207  
-    * [[http://www.marshallprotocol.com/view_topic.php?id=2529&forum_id=32&jump_to=75793#p75793]] f238  +    * [[https://www.marshallprotocol.com/view_topic.php?id=2529&forum_id=32&jump_to=75793#p75793]] f238  
-    * [[http://www.marshallprotocol.com/forum32/7329.html]] f222  +    * [[https://www.marshallprotocol.com/forum32/7329.html]] f222  
-    * [[http://www.marshallprotocol.com/view_topic.php?id=1078&forum_id=32&jump_to=128480#p128480]] f46+    * [[https://www.marshallprotocol.com/view_topic.php?id=1078&forum_id=32&jump_to=128480#p128480]] f46
  
  
-===== References =====+===== References =====</nodisp> 
home/alternate.txt · Last modified: 09.14.2022 by 127.0.0.1
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