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home:alternate [02.13.2019] – [Environmental causation theory] sallieqhome:alternate [09.14.2022] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
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 <mainarticle> [[home:alternate:environment|Environmental causation of disease]] </article> <mainarticle> [[home:alternate:environment|Environmental causation of disease]] </article>
  
-Chronic inflammatory diseases have existed for at least thousands of years. Manifestations of both arteriosclerosis can be observed in mummies of ancient Egypt. [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ötzi_the_Iceman|Ötzi the Neolithic Iceman]] who lived around 3300 BC was found to have arthritis.+Chronic inflammatory diseases have existed for at least thousands of years. Manifestations of both arteriosclerosis can be observed in mummies of ancient Egypt. [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ötzi_the_Iceman|Ötzi the Neolithic Iceman]] who lived around 3300 BC was found to have arthritis.
  
 This relative consistency of disease prevalence suggests that a number of the proposed environmental causes for disease, like man-made toxins and junk food are not the exclusive cause. This relative consistency of disease prevalence suggests that a number of the proposed environmental causes for disease, like man-made toxins and junk food are not the exclusive cause.
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 There are currently a range of diseases for which there is [[home:pathogenesis:evidence_bacteria#epidemiological_evidence|epidemiological evidence]], [[home:pathogenesis:evolution|evolutionary evidence]], and [[home:pathogenesis:evidence_bacteria#other_evidence|other kinds of evidence]] strongly suggesting bacterial involvement. [[home:pathogenesis:kochs_postulates|Koch's postulates]] stipulate that chronic diseases caused by infections must be caused by a single species of pathogen, yet the minority of chronic diseases have been shown to be caused by a single species of pathogen.    There are currently a range of diseases for which there is [[home:pathogenesis:evidence_bacteria#epidemiological_evidence|epidemiological evidence]], [[home:pathogenesis:evolution|evolutionary evidence]], and [[home:pathogenesis:evidence_bacteria#other_evidence|other kinds of evidence]] strongly suggesting bacterial involvement. [[home:pathogenesis:kochs_postulates|Koch's postulates]] stipulate that chronic diseases caused by infections must be caused by a single species of pathogen, yet the minority of chronic diseases have been shown to be caused by a single species of pathogen.   
      
-Take Crohn's disease as an example. The following types and species of bacteria have been found in patients with Crohn's: L-form bacteria(({{pubmed>long:6134652}})), //Bacteroides fragilis//(({{pubmed>long:88760}})), //Chlamydia trachomatis//(({{pubmed>long:83465}})), //Listeria monocytogenes//(({{pubmed>long:7729631}})), //Mycobacterium avium//, subspecies paratuberculosis(({{pubmed>long:12843021}})), //Mycobacterium kansasii//(({{pubmed>long:80630}})), and //Pseudomonas maltophilia//(({{pubmed>long:780185}})). Yet none of these species are found consistently in Crohn's.+Take Crohn's disease as an example. The following types and species of bacteria have been found in patients with Crohn's: L-form bacteria(({{pmid>long:6134652}})), //Bacteroides fragilis//(({{pmid>long:88760}})), //Chlamydia trachomatis//(({{pmid>long:83465}})), //Listeria monocytogenes//(({{pmid>long:7729631}})), //Mycobacterium avium//, subspecies paratuberculosis(({{pmid>long:12843021}})), //Mycobacterium kansasii//(({{pmid>long:80630}})), and //Pseudomonas maltophilia//(({{pmid>long:780185}})). Yet none of these species are found consistently in Crohn's.
  
-For a 19th century researcher, Robert Koch had a strong, even visionary, grasp of molecular biology, but he did not have access to molecular tools. Koch might be shocked to learn the extent to which different species engage in [[home:pathogenesis:horizontal_gene|horizontal gene transfer]], to the point where the very definition of "species" may have to be reconsidered.(({{pubmed>long:15752428}}))+For a 19th century researcher, Robert Koch had a strong, even visionary, grasp of molecular biology, but he did not have access to molecular tools. Koch might be shocked to learn the extent to which different species engage in [[home:pathogenesis:horizontal_gene|horizontal gene transfer]], to the point where the very definition of "species" may have to be reconsidered.(({{pmid>long:15752428}}))
  
 The best way to resolve this inconsistency is to say simply that Koch was wrong and that chronic diseases are caused by a multitude of species and forms – a [[:home:pathogenesis:microbiota|metagenomic microbiota]]. The best way to resolve this inconsistency is to say simply that Koch was wrong and that chronic diseases are caused by a multitude of species and forms – a [[:home:pathogenesis:microbiota|metagenomic microbiota]].
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 {{tag>Pathogenesis Alternate_models}} {{tag>Pathogenesis Alternate_models}}
  
 +<nodisp>
 ===== Notes and comments ===== ===== Notes and comments =====
 +//broken link//
 + [[https://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/publications/facts/obesity/en/|has termed]]
  
  
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-    * [[http://www.marshallprotocol.com/users/5.html]] f127 +    * [[https://www.marshallprotocol.com/users/5.html]] f127 
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-    * [[http://www.marshallprotocol.com/view_topic.php?id=3220&forum_id=37&jump_to=76179#p76179]] s253 +    * [[https://www.marshallprotocol.com/view_topic.php?id=3220&forum_id=37&jump_to=76179#p76179]] s253 
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-    * [[http://www.marshallprotocol.com/forum32/3010.html#p26580]] f206  +    * [[https://www.marshallprotocol.com/forum32/3010.html#p26580]] f206  
-    * [[http://www.marshallprotocol.com/view_topic.php?id=3010&forum_id=32&jump_to=83422#p83422]] f207  +    * [[https://www.marshallprotocol.com/view_topic.php?id=3010&forum_id=32&jump_to=83422#p83422]] f207  
-    * [[http://www.marshallprotocol.com/view_topic.php?id=2529&forum_id=32&jump_to=75793#p75793]] f238  +    * [[https://www.marshallprotocol.com/view_topic.php?id=2529&forum_id=32&jump_to=75793#p75793]] f238  
-    * [[http://www.marshallprotocol.com/forum32/7329.html]] f222  +    * [[https://www.marshallprotocol.com/forum32/7329.html]] f222  
-    * [[http://www.marshallprotocol.com/view_topic.php?id=1078&forum_id=32&jump_to=128480#p128480]] f46+    * [[https://www.marshallprotocol.com/view_topic.php?id=1078&forum_id=32&jump_to=128480#p128480]] f46
  
  
-===== References =====+===== References =====</nodisp> 
home/alternate.txt · Last modified: 09.14.2022 by 127.0.0.1
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