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home:diseases:cancer [06.29.2019] – [Stress derived from interaction of particular personalities] sallieqhome:diseases:cancer [06.29.2019] – sallieq
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 +===== Microbial involvement =====
  
  
-===== Single species vs. communities of microbes =====+==== Single species vs. communities of microbes ====
  
 Alicia H. Chang and Julie Parsonnet of Stanford University writes that a transmissible cause of cancer was suspected as early as the 16th century. It was not until the late 20th century definitively identified a bacterial cause of at least some types of cancer to most researchers' satisfaction.(({{pubmed>long:20930075}})) Identifying the full range of microbes which cause cancer, however, has been more challenging. To date, there have been a handful of cases that fulfill Koch's postulates (e.g., //H. pylori// and gastric cancer) where a single microbe is known to cause a single type of cancer. Consistent with Koch, researchers have tended to work in this vein, for example, looking at the 500+ species that inhabit the colon in the hopes of pinpointing the one and only bacterial species responsible for colorectal cancer.(({{pubmed>long:20930075}})) Alicia H. Chang and Julie Parsonnet of Stanford University writes that a transmissible cause of cancer was suspected as early as the 16th century. It was not until the late 20th century definitively identified a bacterial cause of at least some types of cancer to most researchers' satisfaction.(({{pubmed>long:20930075}})) Identifying the full range of microbes which cause cancer, however, has been more challenging. To date, there have been a handful of cases that fulfill Koch's postulates (e.g., //H. pylori// and gastric cancer) where a single microbe is known to cause a single type of cancer. Consistent with Koch, researchers have tended to work in this vein, for example, looking at the 500+ species that inhabit the colon in the hopes of pinpointing the one and only bacterial species responsible for colorectal cancer.(({{pubmed>long:20930075}}))
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-===== Slow-growing microbes elicit inflammation =====+==== Slow-growing microbes elicit inflammation ====
  
 <blockquote>In almost all examples of bacterial inflammation and human cancer, the implicated bacteria reside in the host for many years and create an environment of persistent inflammation. Specific bacteria that have been shown to cause chronic inflammation and an increased risk of cancer include //Helicobacter pylori// (gastric adenocarcinoma) and //Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium// or //Paratyphi// (biliary cancer). <blockquote>In almost all examples of bacterial inflammation and human cancer, the implicated bacteria reside in the host for many years and create an environment of persistent inflammation. Specific bacteria that have been shown to cause chronic inflammation and an increased risk of cancer include //Helicobacter pylori// (gastric adenocarcinoma) and //Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium// or //Paratyphi// (biliary cancer).
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-===== Inflammation induces cancer =====+==== Inflammation induces cancer ====
  
 According to Chang,(({{pubmed>long:20930075}})) Virchow first described the irritation hypothesis of carcinogenesis in the 19th century concluding that chronic irritation stimulated the cancer cells to grow. The inflammatory process is characterized by damage caused by the host's immune response to the infection rather than by the infecting organism itself. Over 100 years since Virchow's discoveries, the “chronic irritation hypothesis” remains a widely supported mechanism for carcinogenesis by infectious agents. Today the relationship between inflammation, innate immunity and cancer is widely accepted.(({{pubmed>long:21088404}}))  According to Chang,(({{pubmed>long:20930075}})) Virchow first described the irritation hypothesis of carcinogenesis in the 19th century concluding that chronic irritation stimulated the cancer cells to grow. The inflammatory process is characterized by damage caused by the host's immune response to the infection rather than by the infecting organism itself. Over 100 years since Virchow's discoveries, the “chronic irritation hypothesis” remains a widely supported mechanism for carcinogenesis by infectious agents. Today the relationship between inflammation, innate immunity and cancer is widely accepted.(({{pubmed>long:21088404}})) 
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-===== Microbial interaction and disease =====+==== Microbial interaction and disease ====
  
 According to some sporadic reports, cancer regresses following spontaneous bacterial infection.(({{pubmed>long:15663328}})) Competition between an ever-changing mix of microbes, and the variable attention the immune system pays to any one component of that mix, may explain the waxing and waning of different cancerous states.  According to some sporadic reports, cancer regresses following spontaneous bacterial infection.(({{pubmed>long:15663328}})) Competition between an ever-changing mix of microbes, and the variable attention the immune system pays to any one component of that mix, may explain the waxing and waning of different cancerous states. 
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-===== Metastatic communities parallel biofilm =====+==== Metastatic communities parallel biofilm ====
  
 Some have suggested provocatively that communities of metastatic cancerous cells closely resemble communities of microbes known as biofilm. Some have suggested provocatively that communities of metastatic cancerous cells closely resemble communities of microbes known as biofilm.
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  <blockquote>These findings suggest that pro-tumorigenic entotic engulfment activity is associated with mutant p53 expression, and the two combined are a key factor in genomic instability (({{pubmed>long:30076358}}))</blockquote>   <blockquote>These findings suggest that pro-tumorigenic entotic engulfment activity is associated with mutant p53 expression, and the two combined are a key factor in genomic instability (({{pubmed>long:30076358}}))</blockquote> 
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home/diseases/cancer.txt · Last modified: 09.14.2022 by 127.0.0.1
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