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--- home:diseases:hlh [07.26.2010] – inge
+++ home:diseases:hlh [07.29.2010] – paulalbert
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 ====== Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) ======
-<note>Dear MPKB Reader: You have arrived at an article that has not yet completed the development and review process in the knowledge base. Some of the content here may be helpful, but please know that this page is not complete. There are about 400 articles in the KB, and this is one we just haven't gotten around to. Thanks for your patience.</note>
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 HLH can be either primary or secondary. Secondary refers to the acquired form and is the form that will be described here.
-===== Association with infection =====
+===== Evidence of infectious cause =====
 Several findings link the syndrome to infections:
+  * The immune system is activated. High levels of serum TNF-α, interleukins, IFN-γ have been found in HLH patients.(({{pubmed>long:11076718}})) The actual hemophagocytosis is undertaken by macrophages.
+  * HLH has been associated with the following microbes: Epstein-Barr virus,(({{pubmed>long:20504238}})) //Salmonella thyphi//,(({{pubmed>long:10910545}})) Herpes simplex virus 1,(({{pubmed>long:20504238}})) HHV-6,(({{pubmed>long:20400100}})) //Mycobacterium tuberculosis//(({{pubmed>long:19449255}})) and other infectious agents.(({{pubmed>long:11076718}}))
+  * Treatment of infections can reduce hemophagocytosis.(({{pubmed>long:20504238}}))
-  * The immune system is activated. High levels of serum TNF-α, interleukins, IFN-γ have been found in HLH patients. (({{pubmed>long:11076718}})) The actual hemophagocytosis is undertaken by macrophages.
-  * HLH has been associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection, (({{pubmed>long:20504238}})) salmonella thyphi infection,(({{pubmed>long:10910545}})) Herpes simplex virus 1 infection,(({{pubmed>long:20504238}})) HHV-6,(({{pubmed>long:20400100}})) mycobacterium tuberculosis (({{pubmed>long:19449255}})) and other infectious agents.(({{pubmed>long:11076718}}))
-  * Treatment of infections can reduce hemophagocytosis (({{pubmed>long:20504238}}))
 ==== Possible mechanism for hemophagocytosis ====
-The actual hemophagocytosis may be viewed as a result of overstimulated macrophages. While blood cells may harbour infectious agents and therefore the infected individual could benefit from the macrophages attacking the blood cells, there is also the possibility that hemophagocytosis benefits the infectious agent. Bacteria in hemophagocytic macrophages could access nutrients from the ingested cells, or hemophagocytic macrophages could reduce bacteria-killing activity by killing the very cells that could attack them.  Yet, other macrophages could still be sufficiently activated to generate additional hemophagocytic macrophages. (({{pubmed>long:18085823}}))
+The actual hemophagocytosis may be viewed as a result of overstimulated macrophages. While blood cells may harbour infectious agents and therefore the infected individual could benefit from the macrophages attacking the blood cells, there is also the possibility that hemophagocytosis benefits the infectious agent. Bacteria in hemophagocytic macrophages could access nutrients from the ingested cells, or hemophagocytic macrophages could reduce bacteria-killing activity by killing the very cells that could attack them.  Yet, other macrophages could still be sufficiently activated to generate additional hemophagocytic macrophages.(({{pubmed>long:18085823}}))
 ==== Relation to chronic infection ====
 The significance of hemophagocytosis in chronic L-form disease is not well characterized.
 {{tag>diseases}}
 ===== Notes and comments =====
-REVISE
+EDIT
 So far, so good, Inge. Note the syntax for references.  --- //Paul Albert 07.15.2010//
 ===== References =====

home/diseases/hlh.txt · Last modified: 09.14.2022 by 127.0.0.1