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home:diseases:ibs [03.15.2019] – [Further research] sallieqhome:diseases:ibs [09.14.2022] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
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-Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a gastrointestinal disorder characterized by chronic abdominal pain and altered bowel habits.  It is the most commonly diagnosed gastrointestinal condition: the prevalence of IBS in North America is estimated to be approximately 10 to 15 percent  Until the advent of culture-independent studies, physicians supposed IBS was a psychosomatic (functional) disorder as there was limited indication of an organic cause, with physicians complaining that patients were unmotivated to seek out cognitive behavioral therapy.(({{pubmed>long:20484720}})) +Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a gastrointestinal disorder characterized by chronic abdominal pain and altered bowel habits.  It is the most commonly diagnosed gastrointestinal condition: the prevalence of IBS in North America is estimated to be approximately 10 to 15 percent  Until the advent of culture-independent studies, physicians supposed IBS was a psychosomatic (functional) disorder as there was limited indication of an organic cause, with physicians complaining that patients were unmotivated to seek out cognitive behavioral therapy.(({{pmid>long:20484720}})) 
  
-However, the notion that IBS is a psychological disorder has come under serious challenge.(({{pubmed>long:17040359}})) Recent research demonstrates that IBS is characterized by significant alterations in the gut microbiota.(({{pubmed>long:20937460}}))+However, the notion that IBS is a psychological disorder has come under serious challenge.(({{pmid>long:17040359}})) Recent research demonstrates that IBS is characterized by significant alterations in the gut microbiota.(({{pmid>long:20937460}}))
  
 The Marshall Protocol treats IBS by reactivating the innate immune response. In the course of treatment, patients' disease symptoms may become worse due to a process called immunopathology. The Marshall Protocol treats IBS by reactivating the innate immune response. In the course of treatment, patients' disease symptoms may become worse due to a process called immunopathology.
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   * **constipation** – MP patients with constipation should have the symptom treated for immediate relief and then measures should be adopted to prevent constipation.   * **constipation** – MP patients with constipation should have the symptom treated for immediate relief and then measures should be adopted to prevent constipation.
-  * **diarrhea** – Patients with diarrhea may wish to increase fluid intake and/or take anti-diarrheal medication.    (({{pubmed>long:26203094}}))  +  * **diarrhea** – Patients with diarrhea may wish to increase fluid intake and/or take anti-diarrheal medication.    (({{pmid>long:26203094}}))  
   * **[[home:symptoms:gastrointestinal:appetite|loss of appetite]]** – If nausea is preventing a patient from eating, it's very important to palliate the nausea. Over the counter medications such as Gravol (dramamine) may be helpful. If not, patients should ask their doctor for a prescription antiemetic, such as hydroxyzine.   * **[[home:symptoms:gastrointestinal:appetite|loss of appetite]]** – If nausea is preventing a patient from eating, it's very important to palliate the nausea. Over the counter medications such as Gravol (dramamine) may be helpful. If not, patients should ask their doctor for a prescription antiemetic, such as hydroxyzine.
  
-[{{ :home:diseases:ibs.jpeg?400|**IBS is characterized by microbial dysbiosis.** Electron micrograph of the cytoplasm of an enteroendocrine cell from a patient with IBS showing a structure resembling an intermediate body of //Chlamydia// (arrow) with characteristic condensed nucleoids. Dark homogenous structures are granules. M = Mitochondria, N = Nucleus, Bar = 0.5 μm. (Source: [[http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-230X/10/19|Dlugosz et al., 2010]])}}]+[{{ :home:diseases:ibs.jpeg?400|**IBS is characterized by microbial dysbiosis.** Electron micrograph of the cytoplasm of an enteroendocrine cell from a patient with IBS showing a structure resembling an intermediate body of //Chlamydia// (arrow) with characteristic condensed nucleoids. Dark homogenous structures are granules. M = Mitochondria, N = Nucleus, Bar = 0.5 μm. (Source: [[https://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-230X/10/19|Dlugosz et al., 2010]])}}]
  
 ===== Evidence of infectious cause ===== ===== Evidence of infectious cause =====
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 <blockquote>Recent studies provide increasing support for the concept that disturbances in gut flora occur in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and that such abnormalities may contribute to irritable bowel syndrome-type symptoms.  <blockquote>Recent studies provide increasing support for the concept that disturbances in gut flora occur in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and that such abnormalities may contribute to irritable bowel syndrome-type symptoms. 
  
-//**Riordan** et al.//(({{pubmed>long:17053447}}))</blockquote>+//**Riordan** et al.//(({{pmid>long:17053447}}))</blockquote>
  
 ==== Onset following gastrointestinal infection ==== ==== Onset following gastrointestinal infection ====
  
-Epidemiologic studies have shown that gastrointestinal infection is the strongest environmental risk factor for the development of IBS.(({{pubmed>long:10037630}})) (({{pubmed>long:17445753}})) Although most patients with gastroenteritis become asymptomatic, a small but significant proportion of subjects (7%–31%) develop postinfectious IBS, dyspepsia, or both. A recent systematic review and meta-analysis identified that the incidence for IBS development after infectious gastroenteritis was 10%.(({{pubmed>long:17661757}})) +Epidemiologic studies have shown that gastrointestinal infection is the strongest environmental risk factor for the development of IBS.(({{pmid>long:10037630}})) (({{pmid>long:17445753}})) Although most patients with gastroenteritis become asymptomatic, a small but significant proportion of subjects (7%–31%) develop postinfectious IBS, dyspepsia, or both. A recent systematic review and meta-analysis identified that the incidence for IBS development after infectious gastroenteritis was 10%.(({{pmid>long:17661757}})) 
  
  
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 ==== Abnormal composition ==== ==== Abnormal composition ====
  
-Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) has been documented in a proportion of patients with IBS (10%–84%). For example, in 2012, Greek researchers enrolled patients needing upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract endoscopy. Among 320 subjects SIBO was diagnosed in 62 (19.4%) with 42 of those having IBS (67.7%). Of all IBS sufferers, SIBO was found in 37.5%. //Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp.// and //Klebsiella pneumoniae// were the most common isolates within patients with SIBO. Several researchers have shown that eradicating SIBO results in symptomatic improvement.(({{pubmed>long:11151884}})) (({{pubmed>long:12591062}}))+Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) has been documented in a proportion of patients with IBS (10%–84%). For example, in 2012, Greek researchers enrolled patients needing upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract endoscopy. Among 320 subjects SIBO was diagnosed in 62 (19.4%) with 42 of those having IBS (67.7%). Of all IBS sufferers, SIBO was found in 37.5%. //Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp.// and //Klebsiella pneumoniae// were the most common isolates within patients with SIBO. Several researchers have shown that eradicating SIBO results in symptomatic improvement.(({{pmid>long:11151884}})) (({{pmid>long:12591062}}))
  
  
 ==== Higher temporal instability ==== ==== Higher temporal instability ====
  
-Accumulating evidence shows that patients with IBS have a higher temporal instability of the bacterial populations and that the microbiota composition is different compared with healthy controls.(({{pubmed>long:15747442}})) (({{pubmed>long:19693670}})) +Accumulating evidence shows that patients with IBS have a higher temporal instability of the bacterial populations and that the microbiota composition is different compared with healthy controls.(({{pmid>long:15747442}})) (({{pmid>long:19693670}})) 
  
  
 ==== Headline ==== ==== Headline ====
  
-Free versus total serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in a murine model of colitis.  (({{pubmed>long:    30710745}})) +Free versus total serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in a murine model of colitis.  (({{pmid>long:    30710745}})) 
  
 ==== Further research ==== ==== Further research ====
  
-Findings suggest that neither olmesartan nor other ARBs were associated with diarrhea among patients undergoing endoscopy. The spruelike enteropathy recently associated with olmesartan is likely a rare adverse effect and milder presentations are unlikely.  (({{pubmed>long:25023670}}))+Findings suggest that neither olmesartan nor other ARBs were associated with diarrhea among patients undergoing endoscopy. The spruelike enteropathy recently associated with olmesartan is likely a rare adverse effect and milder presentations are unlikely.  (({{pmid>long:25023670}}))
  
-In a methotrexate-induced model of intestinal mucositis, olmesartan reduced inflammation and induced enteropathy characterized by severe diarrhea, weight loss, and reduced sucrose activity.   (({{pubmed>long:25947920}}))+In a methotrexate-induced model of intestinal mucositis, olmesartan reduced inflammation and induced enteropathy characterized by severe diarrhea, weight loss, and reduced sucrose activity.   (({{pmid>long:25947920}}))
  
-Mast cell activation syndromes   (({{pubmed>long:    28780942}}))  +Mast cell activation syndromes   (({{pmid>long:    28780942}}))  
  
-Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are commonly reported in patients with mast cell disease.  (({{pubmed>long:    30007461}}))  +Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are commonly reported in patients with mast cell disease.  (({{pmid>long:    30007461}}))  
  
- Mast cells are located in close proximity to the vasculature, and vasoactive mediators released upon their activation can promote endothelial activation leading to blood brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction.  (({{pubmed>long:    30837844}}))  + Mast cells are located in close proximity to the vasculature, and vasoactive mediators released upon their activation can promote endothelial activation leading to blood brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction.  (({{pmid>long:    30837844}}))  
  
-Mast cell activation plays an important role in stress-mediated disease pathogenesis.   (({{pubmed>long:30837843}}))  +Mast cell activation plays an important role in stress-mediated disease pathogenesis.   (({{pmid>long:30837843}}))  
  
  
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 Lyme disease, irritable bowel syndrome/ulcerative colitis, radiculitis Lyme disease, irritable bowel syndrome/ulcerative colitis, radiculitis
  
-Read the [[http://bacteriality.com/2008/02/17/interview16/|interview]]+Read the [[https://bacteriality.com/2008/02/17/interview16/|interview]]
  
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 diabetes, sarcoidosis, irritable bowel syndrome diabetes, sarcoidosis, irritable bowel syndrome
  
-Read the [[http://bacteriality.com/2008/06/19/interview22/|interview]]+Read the [[https://bacteriality.com/2008/06/19/interview22/|interview]]
  
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 {{tag>disease}} {{tag>disease}}
  
 +<nodisp>
 ===== Notes and comments ===== ===== Notes and comments =====
  
  
  
-===== References =====+===== References =====</nodisp> 
home/diseases/ibs.1552692264.txt.gz · Last modified: by sallieq
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