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home:diseases:kidney_stones [10.17.2018] – [Patients experiences] sallieqhome:diseases:kidney_stones [09.14.2022] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
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 ==== Epidemiological studies ==== ==== Epidemiological studies ====
  
-According to a 2011 systematic review performed by the Cochrane Collaboration, "Vitamin D3 combined with calcium significantly increased nephrolithiasis [kidney stones]."(({{pubmed>long:21735411}})) +According to a 2011 systematic review performed by the Cochrane Collaboration, "Vitamin D3 combined with calcium significantly increased nephrolithiasis [kidney stones]."(({{pmid>long:21735411}})) 
  
-A 1980 epidemiological study of lifeguards in Israel (who presumably were exposed to a great deal of sunshine) found that 11 of 45 (24%) had proven kidney stones, a rate twenty times the incidence in the general population.(({{pubmed>long:7424691}}))+A 1980 epidemiological study of lifeguards in Israel (who presumably were exposed to a great deal of sunshine) found that 11 of 45 (24%) had proven kidney stones, a rate twenty times the incidence in the general population.(({{pmid>long:7424691}}))
  
  
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 ===== Evidence of infectious cause ===== ===== Evidence of infectious cause =====
  
-It is commonly accepted that stones composed of struvite are "derived from bacteria."(({{pubmed>long:10650513}}))+It is commonly accepted that stones composed of struvite are "derived from bacteria."(({{pmid>long:10650513}}))
  
-According to researchers, most struvite (also referred to as "triple phosphate stones") were shown to be caused by //Proteus// or //Providencia// sub-species. In one study, //Proteus mirabilis// accounted for more than half of all urease-positive infections.(({{pubmed>long:10650513}})) Williams //et al//(({{pubmed>long:6472365}})) reported on 31 out of 39 patients with //Proteus// subspecies as the predominant urease-producing organisms. //Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Providencia, Serratia// subspecies and //Staphylococci// accounted for the remaining cases.+According to researchers, most struvite (also referred to as "triple phosphate stones") were shown to be caused by //Proteus// or //Providencia// sub-species. In one study, //Proteus mirabilis// accounted for more than half of all urease-positive infections.(({{pmid>long:10650513}})) Williams //et al//(({{pmid>long:6472365}})) reported on 31 out of 39 patients with //Proteus// subspecies as the predominant urease-producing organisms. //Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Providencia, Serratia// subspecies and //Staphylococci// accounted for the remaining cases.
  
-Calcium oxalate stones are the most common form of kidney stones and there is emerging evidence they are caused by bacteria, specifically [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanobacterium|nanobacteria]]. Certain small intracellular bacteria have been shown to be capable of forming calcium phosphate shells that serve as crystallization centers for kidney stones.(({{pubmed>long:12669155}})) Kajander //et al// note that, even in urine supersaturated by calcium oxalate and uric acid, kidney stone formation does not proceed unless there is a "nidi" (a central point or focus of bacterial growth in a living organism).(({{pubmed>long:12669155}})) +Calcium oxalate stones are the most common form of kidney stones and there is emerging evidence they are caused by bacteria, specifically [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanobacterium|nanobacteria]]. Certain small intracellular bacteria have been shown to be capable of forming calcium phosphate shells that serve as crystallization centers for kidney stones.(({{pmid>long:12669155}})) Kajander //et al// note that, even in urine supersaturated by calcium oxalate and uric acid, kidney stone formation does not proceed unless there is a "nidi" (a central point or focus of bacterial growth in a living organism).(({{pmid>long:12669155}})) 
  
  
 ===== Incidence and prevalence ===== ===== Incidence and prevalence =====
  
-Kidney stones occur in up to 15% of the population. Between 0.1 and 0.4% of people form a kidney stone every year. The recurrence rate is high, reaching 52% within 10 years and 75% within 20 years.(({{pubmed>long:10756693}})) +Kidney stones occur in up to 15% of the population. Between 0.1 and 0.4% of people form a kidney stone every year. The recurrence rate is high, reaching 52% within 10 years and 75% within 20 years.(({{pmid>long:10756693}})) 
  
  
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 sarcoidosis, psoriasis, insomnia, kidney stones sarcoidosis, psoriasis, insomnia, kidney stones
  
-Read the [[http://bacteriality.com/2007/08/10/interview1/|interview]]+Read the [[https://bacteriality.com/2007/08/10/interview1/|interview]]
  
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 ===== Notes and comments ===== ===== Notes and comments =====
  
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-===== References =====+===== References =====</nodisp> 
home/diseases/kidney_stones.txt · Last modified: 09.14.2022 by 127.0.0.1
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