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home:diseases:osteoporosis_osteopenia [12.19.2018] – [Vitamin D supplementation] sallieqhome:diseases:osteoporosis_osteopenia [07.04.2019] – [Other treatments] sallieq
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 ====== Osteoporosis and osteopenia ====== ====== Osteoporosis and osteopenia ======
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 +<relatedarticle> [[home:diseases:hyperparathyroidism|Secondary hyperparathyroidism]] </article>
  
 Both osteoporosis and osteopenia are diseases marked by a decrease in bone mineral density. Osteopenia is a less severe form of and sometimes precursor to osteoporosis. The loss of bone mass leads to a porous bone structure, frequent fractures, and delayed healing. Both osteoporosis and osteopenia are diseases marked by a decrease in bone mineral density. Osteopenia is a less severe form of and sometimes precursor to osteoporosis. The loss of bone mass leads to a porous bone structure, frequent fractures, and delayed healing.
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 ===== Other treatments ===== ===== Other treatments =====
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 +Calcitonin    (({{pubmed>long:    30725954}}))
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 +<blockquote>Salmon calcitonin (after this referred to as “calcitonin”) is an analog of human calcitonin used in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis, Paget disease of bone, and hypercalcemia. Its clinical importance derives from its ability to inhibit osteoclasts and increase renal excretion of calcium. 
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 +Through these processes, bone matrix resorption and serum calcium are both decreased.
 +</blockquote>
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 +==== Cannabinoids  ====
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 +An optimal correlation of cannabinoid dose, duration, moment of action, and affinity can lead to an increased bone regeneration capacity  (({{pubmed>long:30702341}}))
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 +Heavy cannabis use is associated with low bone mineral density, low BMI, high bone turnover, and an increased risk of fracture. (({{pubmed>long:27593602}}))  [[https://www.amjmed.com/article/S0002-9343(17)30392-3/fulltext|Response by H W Daniell, M.D.]]
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 +[[https://www.amjmed.com/article/S0002-9343(17)30391-1/fulltext| interpretation of those results; suggestion by S M Hanis, M. Sc. and K Mansori, Ph. D.]]
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 +Cannabinoids induce incomplete maturation of cultured human leukemia cells. (({{pubmed>long:3037549}}))
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 +The psychoactive component of marijuana, delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) suppresses different functions of immunocytes, including the antimicrobicidal activity of macrophages. (({{pubmed>long:10733093}}))
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 + the first observations of GcMAF effects on the transcriptionomics of the endocannabinoid system and expression of CB2R protein. These data point to a potential nexus between endocannabinoids, vitamin D and its transporter proteins, and the immune dysregulations observed with autism. (({{pubmed>long:    24739187}}))
  
 ==== Calcium supplementation ==== ==== Calcium supplementation ====
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 <blockquote>Calcium supplements have been widely used by older men and women. However, in little more than a decade, authoritative recommendations have changed from encouraging the widespread use of calcium supplements to stating that they should not be used for primary prevention of fractures. This substantial shift in recommendations has occurred as a result of accumulated evidence of marginal antifracture efficacy, and important adverse effects from large randomized controlled trials of calcium or coadministered calcium and vitamin D supplements. In this review, we discuss this evidence, with a particular focus on increased cardiovascular risk with calcium supplements, which we first described 5 years ago. Calcium supplements with or without vitamin D marginally reduce total fractures but do not prevent hip fractures in community-dwelling individuals. They also cause kidney stones, acute gastrointestinal events, and increase the risk of myocardial infarction and stroke. //Bolland MJ, Grey A, and Reid IR// 2013  (({{pubmed>long:25114781}}))</blockquote> <blockquote>Calcium supplements have been widely used by older men and women. However, in little more than a decade, authoritative recommendations have changed from encouraging the widespread use of calcium supplements to stating that they should not be used for primary prevention of fractures. This substantial shift in recommendations has occurred as a result of accumulated evidence of marginal antifracture efficacy, and important adverse effects from large randomized controlled trials of calcium or coadministered calcium and vitamin D supplements. In this review, we discuss this evidence, with a particular focus on increased cardiovascular risk with calcium supplements, which we first described 5 years ago. Calcium supplements with or without vitamin D marginally reduce total fractures but do not prevent hip fractures in community-dwelling individuals. They also cause kidney stones, acute gastrointestinal events, and increase the risk of myocardial infarction and stroke. //Bolland MJ, Grey A, and Reid IR// 2013  (({{pubmed>long:25114781}}))</blockquote>
  
-<blockquote>Web of industry, advocacy, and academia in the management of osteoporosis   http://www.bmj.com/content/351/bmj.h3170+<blockquote>Web of industry, advocacy, and academia in the management of osteoporosis   [[http://www.bmj.com/content/351/bmj.h3170| BMJ 2015;351:h3170 ]]
  
 "Calcium and vitamin D supplementation continue to be recommended to prevent and treat osteoporosis despite evidence of lack of benefit, say Andrew Grey and Mark Bolland. They examine why change is difficult and call for advocacy organisations, academics, and specialist societies to abandon industry ties" </blockquote> "Calcium and vitamin D supplementation continue to be recommended to prevent and treat osteoporosis despite evidence of lack of benefit, say Andrew Grey and Mark Bolland. They examine why change is difficult and call for advocacy organisations, academics, and specialist societies to abandon industry ties" </blockquote>
home/diseases/osteoporosis_osteopenia.txt · Last modified: 09.14.2022 by 127.0.0.1
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