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home:diseases:rickets [10.17.2018] – [Further reading] sallieq | home:diseases:rickets [09.14.2022] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1 | ||
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===== Role of phosphorous ===== | ===== Role of phosphorous ===== | ||
- | In a 2007 study, Harvard Medical School researchers engineered mice without vitamin D receptors (VDRs). Since vitamin D can have no effect on the body unless it can bind to the VDR, the mice could use no vitamin D whatsoever in their bodies. The researchers found that if the mice were given a diet high in calcium and phosphorous they did not develop rickets and their bones were just as strong as normal mice with active Vitamin D Receptors.(({{pubmed> | + | In a 2007 study, Harvard Medical School researchers engineered mice without vitamin D receptors (VDRs). Since vitamin D can have no effect on the body unless it can bind to the VDR, the mice could use no vitamin D whatsoever in their bodies. The researchers found that if the mice were given a diet high in calcium and phosphorous they did not develop rickets and their bones were just as strong as normal mice with active Vitamin D Receptors.(({{pmid> |
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- | A second study by the same research team at Harvard corrected rickets by replacing calcium and phosphate ions in the bloodstream of mice without Vitamin D Receptors, thereby confirming the results. The team concluded that rickets is not caused by a deficiency of vitamin D but instead results from hypophosphatemia, | + | A second study by the same research team at Harvard corrected rickets by replacing calcium and phosphate ions in the bloodstream of mice without Vitamin D Receptors, thereby confirming the results. The team concluded that rickets is not caused by a deficiency of vitamin D but instead results from hypophosphatemia, |
- | This work is also echoed by Schubert and De Luca who found that muscle weakness in hypophosphatemic rats could be corrected with supplementation of phosphorus, and that hypocalcemia together with vitamin D deficiency did not produce muscle weakness.(({{pubmed> | + | This work is also echoed by Schubert and De Luca who found that muscle weakness in hypophosphatemic rats could be corrected with supplementation of phosphorus, and that hypocalcemia together with vitamin D deficiency did not produce muscle weakness.(({{pmid> |
===== Role of calcium ===== | ===== Role of calcium ===== | ||
- | According to a 2000 paper by Goswami //et al.//, " | + | According to a 2000 paper by Goswami //et al.//, " |
Along with phosphorous, | Along with phosphorous, | ||
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//**Joyce Waterhouse, PhD**// </ | //**Joyce Waterhouse, PhD**// </ | ||
- | Other studies have confirmed that a low level of calcium can lead to rickets. One team assessed the absorption of calcium in 15 Nigerian children with active rickets. They found that all 15 children had resolution or improvement of rickets after six months of treatment with calcium supplements. (({{pubmed> | + | Other studies have confirmed that a low level of calcium can lead to rickets. One team assessed the absorption of calcium in 15 Nigerian children with active rickets. They found that all 15 children had resolution or improvement of rickets after six months of treatment with calcium supplements. (({{pmid> |
- | This paper is acknowledged by the {{https:// | + | This paper is acknowledged by the [[https:// |
< | < | ||
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< | < | ||
- | //**Dr. Anthony Norman**// | + | //**Dr. Anthony Norman**// |
</ | </ | ||
- | However, a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial at Creighton University Medical Center found no beneficial effect of vitamin D on calcium absorption in older women.(({{pubmed> | + | However, a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial at Creighton University Medical Center found no beneficial effect of vitamin D on calcium absorption in older women.(({{pmid> |
==== Marshall Protocol patients ==== | ==== Marshall Protocol patients ==== | ||
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< | < | ||
- | //**Tulasi Ponnapakkam, | + | //**Tulasi Ponnapakkam, |
==== Nigerian children ==== | ==== Nigerian children ==== | ||
- | Thacher //et al// conducted a case-control study to determine factors associated with rickets in Nigerian children. The study compared 123 Nigerian children who had rickets with matched control subjects. Of the 134 subjects with rickets, only 46 subjects (37%) had 25-hydroxyvitamin D values <30 nmol/L (12 ng/mL).(({{pubmed> | + | Thacher //et al// conducted a case-control study to determine factors associated with rickets in Nigerian children. The study compared 123 Nigerian children who had rickets with matched control subjects. Of the 134 subjects with rickets, only 46 subjects (37%) had 25-hydroxyvitamin D values <30 nmol/L (12 ng/mL).(({{pmid> |
< | < | ||
Vitamin D deficiency appears unlikely to be the primary etiologic factor of rickets in African children. Moreover, low dietary calcium intake alone does not account for rickets. Insufficient dietary calcium probably interacts with genetic, hormonal, and other nutritional factors to cause rickets in susceptible children. | Vitamin D deficiency appears unlikely to be the primary etiologic factor of rickets in African children. Moreover, low dietary calcium intake alone does not account for rickets. Insufficient dietary calcium probably interacts with genetic, hormonal, and other nutritional factors to cause rickets in susceptible children. | ||
- | // | + | // |
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//**Marie Demay**, personal communication//</ | //**Marie Demay**, personal communication//</ | ||
- | As a nod to this molecular evidence, the [[http:// | + | As a nod to this molecular evidence, the [[https:// |
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Robins (2009) notes that nearly half of all African Americans are classified as vitamin-D deficient and yet show no signs of calcium deficiency, which would be a logical result of vitamin D deficiency. Indeed, they “have a lower prevalence of osteoporosis, | Robins (2009) notes that nearly half of all African Americans are classified as vitamin-D deficient and yet show no signs of calcium deficiency, which would be a logical result of vitamin D deficiency. Indeed, they “have a lower prevalence of osteoporosis, | ||
- | //**Peter Frost, PhD**, [[http:// | + | //**Peter Frost, PhD**, [[https:// |
===== Reexamining the cause of rickets ===== | ===== Reexamining the cause of rickets ===== | ||
- | The role of calcium is being reexamined in North America as well. DeLucia //et al.// emphasize that “Nutritional calcium deficiency may occur in North American infants and is not limited to the setting of developing countries.”(({{pubmed> | + | The role of calcium is being reexamined in North America as well. DeLucia //et al.// emphasize that “Nutritional calcium deficiency may occur in North American infants and is not limited to the setting of developing countries.”(({{pmid> |
- | Trevor Marshall, PhD has suggested that rickets may be related to Th1 inflammation, | + | Trevor Marshall, PhD has suggested that rickets may be related to Th1 inflammation, |
===== Further reading ===== | ===== Further reading ===== | ||
- | * [[http:// | + | * [[https:// |
- | {{tag>diseases | + | {{tag>disease |
+ | < | ||
===== Notes and comments ===== | ===== Notes and comments ===== | ||
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* include link to this article in the list of diseases | * include link to this article in the list of diseases | ||
* Legacy content | * Legacy content | ||
- | * http:// | + | * https:// |
< | < | ||
In fact, many of the patients on the Marshall Protocol have been avoiding consumption of vitamin D – some of them for several years – to the point where most patients in later stages of the treatment have 25-D levels below the detectable threshold. Yet, there has not been a single reported case of rickets.</ | In fact, many of the patients on the Marshall Protocol have been avoiding consumption of vitamin D – some of them for several years – to the point where most patients in later stages of the treatment have 25-D levels below the detectable threshold. Yet, there has not been a single reported case of rickets.</ | ||
- | ===== References ===== | + | ===== References =====</ |