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home:othertreatments:antidepressants [04.13.2020] – [Types of anti-anxiety agents and antidepressants] sallieqhome:othertreatments:antidepressants [09.14.2022] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
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   * escitalopram (Cipralex, Esipram, Lexapro, Seroplex)   * escitalopram (Cipralex, Esipram, Lexapro, Seroplex)
   * fluoxetine (Actan, Fluxene, Lorien, Lovan, Prozac, Tuneluz)   * fluoxetine (Actan, Fluxene, Lorien, Lovan, Prozac, Tuneluz)
-  * fluphenazine (Modecate, Prolixin Decanoate, Dapotum D, Anatensol, Fludecate, Sinqualone Deconoate, Dapotum Injektion, Flunanthate, Moditen Enanthate Injection, Sinqualone Enanthate, Prolixin, Permitil, Dapotum, Lyogen, Moditen, Omca, Sediten, Selecten, Sevinol, Sinqualone, Trancin) – shown to be "a direct inhibitor of the innate immune signaling pathway"(({{pubmed>long:20382888}}))+  * fluphenazine (Modecate, Prolixin Decanoate, Dapotum D, Anatensol, Fludecate, Sinqualone Deconoate, Dapotum Injektion, Flunanthate, Moditen Enanthate Injection, Sinqualone Enanthate, Prolixin, Permitil, Dapotum, Lyogen, Moditen, Omca, Sediten, Selecten, Sevinol, Sinqualone, Trancin) – shown to be "a direct inhibitor of the innate immune signaling pathway"(({{pmid>long:20382888}}))
   * nortriptyline (Aventyl, Norpress, Pamelor)   * nortriptyline (Aventyl, Norpress, Pamelor)
   * paroxetine (Aropax, Paxil, Paxil CR, Paxxet, Pexeva, Sereupin, Seroxat)   * paroxetine (Aropax, Paxil, Paxil CR, Paxxet, Pexeva, Sereupin, Seroxat)
   * S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine (SAM-e)   * S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine (SAM-e)
-  * sertraline (Eleva, Lustral, Sertra, Xydep, Zoloft) – shown to be "a direct inhibitor of the innate immune signaling pathway"(({{pubmed>long:20382888}}))+  * sertraline (Eleva, Lustral, Sertra, Xydep, Zoloft) – shown to be "a direct inhibitor of the innate immune signaling pathway"(({{pmid>long:20382888}}))
   * St. John's wort – contains about a dozen compounds of potential pharmacological activity. St. John's wort induces hepatic drug metabolism through activation of the pregnane X receptor, among other mechanisms. The activation of PXR would give immunosupression similar to minocycline. Contraindicated.   * St. John's wort – contains about a dozen compounds of potential pharmacological activity. St. John's wort induces hepatic drug metabolism through activation of the pregnane X receptor, among other mechanisms. The activation of PXR would give immunosupression similar to minocycline. Contraindicated.
   * trazodone (APO-Trazodone, Desyrel, Donaren)   * trazodone (APO-Trazodone, Desyrel, Donaren)
-  * trifluoperazine (Eskazinyl, Eskazine, Jatroneural, Modalina, Stelazine, Terfluzine, Trifluoperaz, Triftazin) – shown to be "a direct inhibitor of the innate immune signaling pathway"(({{pubmed>long:20382888}}))+  * trifluoperazine (Eskazinyl, Eskazine, Jatroneural, Modalina, Stelazine, Terfluzine, Trifluoperaz, Triftazin) – shown to be "a direct inhibitor of the innate immune signaling pathway"(({{pmid>long:20382888}}))
   * venlafaxine (Effexor, Effexor XR, PMS-Venlafaxine XR, Venlafaxine XR)   * venlafaxine (Effexor, Effexor XR, PMS-Venlafaxine XR, Venlafaxine XR)
  
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 According to published reports, lithium affects the immune system profoundly. According to published reports, lithium affects the immune system profoundly.
  
-Lithium has some antiviral effects. A 2000 study stated that the drug has been shown to have antiviral effects in experimental and clinical conditions, particularly against herpes viruses.(({{pubmed>long:11071016}})) However, the antidepressant's immunosuppressive effects may be dominant over its anti-infective impact. Lithium may exacerbate autoimmune conditions such as thyroiditis or rarely Graves' disease.(({{pubmed>long:19942149}})) The common clinical side effects of the drug are goitre (swelling in the thyroid gland) in up to 40% and hypothyroidism in about 20%.+Lithium has some antiviral effects. A 2000 study stated that the drug has been shown to have antiviral effects in experimental and clinical conditions, particularly against herpes viruses.(({{pmid>long:11071016}})) However, the antidepressant's immunosuppressive effects may be dominant over its anti-infective impact. Lithium may exacerbate autoimmune conditions such as thyroiditis or rarely Graves' disease.(({{pmid>long:19942149}})) The common clinical side effects of the drug are goitre (swelling in the thyroid gland) in up to 40% and hypothyroidism in about 20%.
  
 Patients or physicians contemplating the Marshall Protocol should work out a plan with their doctor to wean lithium prior to beginning minocycline. Patients or physicians contemplating the Marshall Protocol should work out a plan with their doctor to wean lithium prior to beginning minocycline.
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 ===== Efficacy ===== ===== Efficacy =====
  
-As described in a [[http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/727323|Medscape article]], a 2010 review of four meta-analyses of efficacy trials submitted to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) suggests that antidepressants are only "marginally efficacious" compared with placebo and "document profound publication bias that inflates their apparent efficacy."(({{pubmed>long:20616621}}))+As described in a [[https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/727323|Medscape article]], a 2010 review of four meta-analyses of efficacy trials submitted to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) suggests that antidepressants are only "marginally efficacious" compared with placebo and "document profound publication bias that inflates their apparent efficacy."(({{pmid>long:20616621}}))
  
 In addition, when the researchers also analyzed the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D) trial, "the largest antidepressant effectiveness trial ever conducted," they found that "the effectiveness of antidepressant therapies was probably even lower than the modest one reported...with an apparent progressively increasing dropout rate across each study phase. In addition, when the researchers also analyzed the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D) trial, "the largest antidepressant effectiveness trial ever conducted," they found that "the effectiveness of antidepressant therapies was probably even lower than the modest one reported...with an apparent progressively increasing dropout rate across each study phase.
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   * **atherosclerosis** – Antidepressants may boost mood at the expense of accelerated atherosclerosis for middle-age men, according to an observational study of more than 500 twins who had served in the Vietnam War.((Shah AJ, et al "Association of antidepressant medications with carotid intima media thickness in middle aged veteran twins" ACC 2011.))   * **atherosclerosis** – Antidepressants may boost mood at the expense of accelerated atherosclerosis for middle-age men, according to an observational study of more than 500 twins who had served in the Vietnam War.((Shah AJ, et al "Association of antidepressant medications with carotid intima media thickness in middle aged veteran twins" ACC 2011.))
-  * **obesity** – According to a 2009 //JAMA// article, subjects treated with antipsychotics became overweight or obese in as little as 12 weeks.(({{pubmed>long:19861668}})) A team led by Dr. Christoph Correll of Zucker Hillside Hospital and the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research in New York studied 272 children and teens aged 4 to 19 with bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and disruptive or aggressive behavior spectrum disorders.(({{pubmed>long:20586697}})) After roughly 11 weeks, those who took Zyprexa gained an average of 18.7 pounds (8.5 kg), those on Seroquel gained 13.4 pounds (6.1 kg), those on Risperdal gained 11.7 pounds (3.5 kg) and those on Abilify gained 9.7 pounds (4.4 kg). "The weight gain is dramatic, rapid and pervasive," Correll [[http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE59Q4Q920091028|said]] in a telephone interview. +  * **obesity** – According to a 2009 //JAMA// article, subjects treated with antipsychotics became overweight or obese in as little as 12 weeks.(({{pmid>long:19861668}})) A team led by Dr. Christoph Correll of Zucker Hillside Hospital and the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research in New York studied 272 children and teens aged 4 to 19 with bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and disruptive or aggressive behavior spectrum disorders.(({{pmid>long:20586697}})) After roughly 11 weeks, those who took Zyprexa gained an average of 18.7 pounds (8.5 kg), those on Seroquel gained 13.4 pounds (6.1 kg), those on Risperdal gained 11.7 pounds (3.5 kg) and those on Abilify gained 9.7 pounds (4.4 kg). "The weight gain is dramatic, rapid and pervasive," Correll [[https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE59Q4Q920091028|said]] in a telephone interview. 
-  * **risk of autism** – A case control study, which looked at medical records of California mothers, found that expectant mothers who took an antidepressant medication increased their risk of delivering a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).(({{pubmed>long:21727247}})) The 2011 analysis suggested that exposure to a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, particularly during the first trimester, //may// somewhat increase the risk of ASD.+  * **risk of autism** – A case control study, which looked at medical records of California mothers, found that expectant mothers who took an antidepressant medication increased their risk of delivering a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).(({{pmid>long:21727247}})) The 2011 analysis suggested that exposure to a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, particularly during the first trimester, //may// somewhat increase the risk of ASD.
  
  
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 ===== Read more ===== ===== Read more =====
  
-  * [[http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2011/jun/23/epidemic-mental-illness-why/|The Epidemic of Mental Illness: Why?]] – In an essay in //The New York Review of Books//, Marcia Angell, former editor in chief of //The New England Journal of Medicine//, favorably entertains the premise that “psychoactive drugs are useless." +  * [[https://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2011/jun/23/epidemic-mental-illness-why/|The Epidemic of Mental Illness: Why?]] – In an essay in //The New York Review of Books//, Marcia Angell, former editor in chief of //The New England Journal of Medicine//, favorably entertains the premise that “psychoactive drugs are useless." 
-  * **Fluoxetine inhibits coxsackie virus replication** – A 2012 study showed that Prozac reduced the synthesis of viral RNA and protein.(({{pubmed>long:22751539}}))+  * **Fluoxetine inhibits coxsackie virus replication** – A 2012 study showed that Prozac reduced the synthesis of viral RNA and protein.(({{pmid>long:22751539}}))
  
  
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 +<nodisp>
 ===== Notes and comments ===== ===== Notes and comments =====
  
-broken   [[http://www.marshallprotocol.com/reply.php?topic_id=14385|St. John's wort]]+broken   [[https://www.marshallprotocol.com/reply.php?topic_id=14385|St. John's wort]]
  
-Canadian judge rules SSRI antidepressants like Prozac can cause children to commit murder ... http://www.naturalnews.com/034433_SSRI_drugs_children_murder.html+Canadian judge rules SSRI antidepressants like Prozac can cause children to commit murder ... https://www.naturalnews.com/034433_SSRI_drugs_children_murder.html
  
 Broad Review of FDA Trials Suggests Antidepressants Only Marginally Better than Placebo Broad Review of FDA Trials Suggests Antidepressants Only Marginally Better than Placebo
  
-http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/727323+https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/727323
  
  
   * Legacy content   * Legacy content
-    * http://www.marshallprotocol.com/view_topic.php?id=2696&forum_id=32&jump_to=73551#p73551 f104+    * https://www.marshallprotocol.com/view_topic.php?id=2696&forum_id=32&jump_to=73551#p73551 f104
     *      * 
     *      * 
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-  * [[http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE6A059M20101101|Teenager recovery from depression often fleeting]] - full text [[http://archpsyc.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/archgenpsychiatry.2010.150|here]]+  * [[https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE6A059M20101101|Teenager recovery from depression often fleeting]] - full text [[https://archpsyc.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/archgenpsychiatry.2010.150|here]]
  
  
 <blockquote>From: Dr Trevor MarshallDate: 2011-02-09 20:37:05 <blockquote>From: Dr Trevor MarshallDate: 2011-02-09 20:37:05
-Reply: http://www.marshallprotocol.com/reply.php?topic_id=14045+Reply: https://www.marshallprotocol.com/reply.php?topic_id=14045
  
 Even a short time on antipsychotics may increase the risk of heart disease: Even a short time on antipsychotics may increase the risk of heart disease:
  
-http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/02/09/us-antipsychotics-heart-idUSTRE71871020110209+https://www.reuters.com/article/2011/02/09/us-antipsychotics-heart-idUSTRE71871020110209
  
-http://archpsyc.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/archgenpsychiatry.2011.2v1+https://archpsyc.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/archgenpsychiatry.2011.2v1
 Foley and her team looked at 25 previous  studies that had tracked risk factors for heart disease in patients  taking older or newer antipsychotics. These included high blood  pressure, cholesterol levels, and body weight. Foley and her team looked at 25 previous  studies that had tracked risk factors for heart disease in patients  taking older or newer antipsychotics. These included high blood  pressure, cholesterol levels, and body weight.
 They  found that across all the studies, six to seven of every 10 people on  antipsychotics were overweight after six months. Before taking the  drugs, only about four of every 10 were overweight, the same as in the  general population. They  found that across all the studies, six to seven of every 10 people on  antipsychotics were overweight after six months. Before taking the  drugs, only about four of every 10 were overweight, the same as in the  general population.
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 "In addition to the physical contact, it surprised us to find that these immune cells also have machinery to take up serotonin and to secrete it in an excitatory manner," Ahern said. "The point behind this transmission is not entirely clear, but it appears to be an additional way of stimulating a T cell response." "In addition to the physical contact, it surprised us to find that these immune cells also have machinery to take up serotonin and to secrete it in an excitatory manner," Ahern said. "The point behind this transmission is not entirely clear, but it appears to be an additional way of stimulating a T cell response."
 Drugs that block serotonin reuptake "likely change some of the parameters of T-cell activation, but we don't know yet if it enhances or inhibits the total immune response," Ahern said. "But it is something that should be explored because we really have no idea what SSRIs are doing to people's immune systems."</blockquote> Drugs that block serotonin reuptake "likely change some of the parameters of T-cell activation, but we don't know yet if it enhances or inhibits the total immune response," Ahern said. "But it is something that should be explored because we really have no idea what SSRIs are doing to people's immune systems."</blockquote>
-===== References =====+===== References =====</nodisp> 
home/othertreatments/antidepressants.txt · Last modified: 09.14.2022 by 127.0.0.1
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