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Statins interfere with the actions of Olmesartan, as they are a very similar molecule, and compete with Olmesartan for many of Olmesartan' | Statins interfere with the actions of Olmesartan, as they are a very similar molecule, and compete with Olmesartan for many of Olmesartan' | ||
- | As the 2008 ENHANCE trial illustrates, | + | As the 2008 ENHANCE trial illustrates, |
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====Other cholesterol drugs==== | ====Other cholesterol drugs==== | ||
The following is a list of common non-statin cholesterol-lowering drugs: | The following is a list of common non-statin cholesterol-lowering drugs: | ||
- | * cholestyramine (Questran) – Part of another treatment protocol, cholestyramine is touted to relieve symptoms supposedly caused by the release of toxins as the Lyme spirochete is killed. However, cholestyramine is [[http:// | + | * cholestyramine (Questran) – Part of another treatment protocol, cholestyramine is touted to relieve symptoms supposedly caused by the release of toxins as the Lyme spirochete is killed. However, cholestyramine is [[https:// |
* gemfibrozil (Lopid, Gemcor) | * gemfibrozil (Lopid, Gemcor) | ||
* Omacor | * Omacor | ||
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Large numbers of patients at risk for cardiovascular disease or stroke are prescribed statins – drugs that are marketed as improving health by lowering cholesterol. There’s no question that statins can effectively lower cholesterol. But, does lowering cholesterol actually benefit patients with coronary artery disease, and more importantly, | Large numbers of patients at risk for cardiovascular disease or stroke are prescribed statins – drugs that are marketed as improving health by lowering cholesterol. There’s no question that statins can effectively lower cholesterol. But, does lowering cholesterol actually benefit patients with coronary artery disease, and more importantly, | ||
- | < | + | < |
- | //**U. Ravnskov**// | + | //**U. Ravnskov**// |
- | Ravnskov compares two separate trials of a single statin, simvastatin: | + | Ravnskov compares two separate trials of a single statin, simvastatin: |
- | A seminal study called the ENHANCE trial was published in 2008. The trial tested the effects of a new cholesterol-lowering medication called Zetia (which, as opposed to the statins, works by decreasing cholesterol absorption in the intestine) on patients with cardiovascular disease. It found that Vytorin, a combination pill containing both Zetia and the statin Zocor (simvastatin), | + | A seminal study called the ENHANCE trial was published in 2008. The trial tested the effects of a new cholesterol-lowering medication called Zetia (which, as opposed to the statins, works by decreasing cholesterol absorption in the intestine) on patients with cardiovascular disease. It found that Vytorin, a combination pill containing both Zetia and the statin Zocor (simvastatin), |
- | All together, this evidence suggests statins' | + | All together, this evidence suggests statins' |
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< | < | ||
- | //**M.A. Willrich**// | + | //**M.A. Willrich**// |
</ | </ | ||
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===== Immunopathological effects of statins? ===== | ===== Immunopathological effects of statins? ===== | ||
- | According to the reports from the statin trials, all of which have been sponsored by the drug companies, side effects are mild and rare, but underreporting is prevalent. According to drug companies, muscular symptoms occur in less than one percent of patients taking statins, however researchers independent of drug companies have found the frequency to be 64%(({{pubmed> | + | According to the reports from the statin trials, all of which have been sponsored by the drug companies, side effects are mild and rare, but underreporting is prevalent. According to drug companies, muscular symptoms occur in less than one percent of patients taking statins, however researchers independent of drug companies have found the frequency to be 64%(({{pmid> |
- | * **increased incidence of lupus and pneumonia**(({{pubmed> | + | * **increased incidence of lupus and pneumonia**(({{pmid> |
* **dyspnea (pain while breathing)** – Those with pulmonary involvement such as sarcoidosis patients sometimes confuse their disease symptoms with the side effects of statins. | * **dyspnea (pain while breathing)** – Those with pulmonary involvement such as sarcoidosis patients sometimes confuse their disease symptoms with the side effects of statins. | ||
- | * **muscle pain**(({{pubmed> | + | * **muscle pain**(({{pmid> |
- | * **renal dysfunction** — Statins appear to be able to cause proteinuria through tubular inhibition of active transport of small molecular weight proteins.(({{pubmed> | + | * **renal dysfunction** — Statins appear to be able to cause proteinuria through tubular inhibition of active transport of small molecular weight proteins.(({{pmid> |
- | * **tendon complications**(({{pubmed> | + | * **tendon complications**(({{pmid> |
- | * **cognitive dysfunction** – A 2008 survey of statin patients found that 75% experienced cognitive dysfunction determined to be probably or definitely related to statin therapy. Of 143 patients who reported stopping statin therapy, 90% reported improvement in cognitive problems, sometimes within days of statin discontinuation with a median time to recovery of 2.5 weeks. In some patients, a diagnosis of dementia or Alzheimer' | + | * **cognitive dysfunction** – A 2008 survey of statin patients found that 75% experienced cognitive dysfunction determined to be probably or definitely related to statin therapy. Of 143 patients who reported stopping statin therapy, 90% reported improvement in cognitive problems, sometimes within days of statin discontinuation with a median time to recovery of 2.5 weeks. In some patients, a diagnosis of dementia or Alzheimer' |
- | * **fatigue** – Almost half of participants in a 2012 study reported a significant increase in fatigue while taking statins.(({{pubmed> | + | * **fatigue** – Almost half of participants in a 2012 study reported a significant increase in fatigue while taking statins.(({{pmid> |
| | ||
- | As discussed in the previous section, it may be that their effect on nuclear receptors explain how some statins increase patients' | + | As discussed in the previous section, it may be that their effect on nuclear receptors explain how some statins increase patients' |
- | However, olmesartan has several advantages over the statins including a [[home: | + | However, olmesartan has several advantages over the statins including a [[home: |
- | In any case, researchers tend not to study or discuss what may be statins' | + | In any case, researchers tend not to study or discuss what may be statins' |
===== Contraindications of statins ===== | ===== Contraindications of statins ===== | ||
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===== Statins are over-prescribed ===== | ===== Statins are over-prescribed ===== | ||
- | For adults aged between 30 and 80 years old who already have occlusive vascular disease, statins confer a total and cardiovascular mortality benefit and are not controversial. However, 75% of patients who take statins are not in this category.(({{pubmed> | + | For adults aged between 30 and 80 years old who already have occlusive vascular disease, statins confer a total and cardiovascular mortality benefit and are not controversial. However, 75% of patients who take statins are not in this category.(({{pmid> |
- | For patients who are healthy, there is marginal evidence that statins prevent heart attacks or strokes.(({{pubmed> | + | For patients who are healthy, there is marginal evidence that statins prevent heart attacks or strokes.(({{pmid> |
Certainly, one of the motivations to demonstrate statins' | Certainly, one of the motivations to demonstrate statins' | ||
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- | //**John Abramson, M.D.,** [[http:// | + | //**John Abramson, M.D.,** [[https:// |
</ | </ | ||
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===== Vitamin D ===== | ===== Vitamin D ===== | ||
- | A 2012 randomized, placebo-controlled trial gave 120 adults with levels of 25-D below 20 ng/mL and elevated risk for cardiovascular disease either 50,000 IU of vitamin D3 weekly for 8 weeks or placebo. The study found a significant and undesired increase in LDL cholesterol.(({{pubmed> | + | A 2012 randomized, placebo-controlled trial gave 120 adults with levels of 25-D below 20 ng/mL and elevated risk for cardiovascular disease either 50,000 IU of vitamin D3 weekly for 8 weeks or placebo. The study found a significant and undesired increase in LDL cholesterol.(({{pmid> |
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===== Read more ===== | ===== Read more ===== | ||
- | * [[http:// | + | * [[https:// |
- | * [[http:// | + | * [[https:// |
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{{tag> | {{tag> | ||
+ | < | ||
===== Notes and comments ===== | ===== Notes and comments ===== | ||
- | del broke * [[http:// | + | del broke * [[https:// |
* Legacy content | * Legacy content | ||
- | * http:// | + | * https:// |
- | * http:// | + | * https:// |
- | * http:// | + | * https:// |
- | * http:// | + | * https:// |
- | * http:// | + | * https:// |
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PMID: 21075355 | PMID: 21075355 | ||
- | http:// | + | https:// |
- | http:// | + | https:// |
</ | </ | ||
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© 2012 Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Foundation and Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd. | © 2012 Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Foundation and Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd. | ||
PMID: 22432744</ | PMID: 22432744</ | ||
- | ===== References ====== | + | ===== References ======</ |