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home:pathogenesis:evidence_bacteria [01.03.2012] – external edit 127.0.0.1 | home:pathogenesis:evidence_bacteria [09.14.2022] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1 | ||
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- | The mainstream, but antiquated, view about chronic disease is best expressed by a certain physician thusly: "Of our thousand bacterial species, I only have to worry about a couple dozen" while a 2002 //Nature// paper concludes, " | + | The mainstream, but antiquated, view about chronic disease is best expressed by a certain physician thusly: "Of our thousand bacterial species, I only have to worry about a couple dozen" while a 2002 //Nature// paper concludes, " |
However, there is substantial evidence that chronic diseases are caused by pathogens as opposed to [[home: | However, there is substantial evidence that chronic diseases are caused by pathogens as opposed to [[home: | ||
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Epidemiological evidence including case clustering in time or location supports a pathogenic cause for disease. | Epidemiological evidence including case clustering in time or location supports a pathogenic cause for disease. | ||
- | * **[[home: | + | * **[[home: |
- | * **[[familial_aggregation|Familial aggregation]] of the same disease** – A number of studies have shown that spouses have a greater chance of developing the same disease as their partners - a phenomenon that can best be explained if familial aggregation has an infectious cause. One study of sarcoidosis found that among the 215 study participants who had been diagnosed with sarcoidosis, | + | * **[[familial_aggregation|Familial aggregation]] of the same disease** – A number of studies have shown that spouses have a greater chance of developing the same disease as their partners - a phenomenon that can best be explained if familial aggregation has an infectious cause. One study of sarcoidosis found that among the 215 study participants who had been diagnosed with sarcoidosis, |
- | * **Familial aggregation of different diseases** – Research suggests that seemingly distinct diseases have a [[home: | + | * **Familial aggregation of different diseases** – Research suggests that seemingly distinct diseases have a [[home: |
- | * **Disease prevalence of small communities in close contact** – A number of studies of unrelated people shows that mere proximity seems to be enough to transmit chronic disease. A case-controlled study of residents of the Isle of Man found that 40 percent of people with sarcoidosis had been in contact with a person known to have the disease, compared with 1 to 2 percent of the control subjects.(({{pubmed> | + | * **Disease prevalence of small communities in close contact** – A number of studies of unrelated people shows that mere proximity seems to be enough to transmit chronic disease. A case-controlled study of residents of the Isle of Man found that 40 percent of people with sarcoidosis had been in contact with a person known to have the disease, compared with 1 to 2 percent of the control subjects.(({{pmid> |
- | * **Migration studies** – Many published migrant studies have shown that incidence of chronic disease, specifically cancer, changes on migration, pointing to a predominant environmental contribution to cancer causation.(({{pubmed> | + | * **Migration studies** – Many published migrant studies have shown that incidence of chronic disease, specifically cancer, changes on migration, pointing to a predominant environmental contribution to cancer causation.(({{pmid> |
* **[[home: | * **[[home: | ||
- | * **Single region changes in incidence** - A number of regions have seen strong changes in the incidence of cancer, strongly suggesting an environmental cause for disease. For example, during the operation of the [[http:// | + | * **Single region changes in incidence** - A number of regions have seen strong changes in the incidence of cancer, strongly suggesting an environmental cause for disease. For example, during the operation of the [[https:// |
- | * **Season or month of birth**(({{pubmed> | + | * **Season or month of birth**(({{pmid> |
===== Other evidence ===== | ===== Other evidence ===== | ||
- | There is also the following types of evidence, the first three of which are noted in a [[http:// | + | There is also the following types of evidence, the first three of which are noted in a [[https:// |
* **Clinical features** – Chronic diseases often share the same clinical presentation as those of known infectious diseases including fever and leucocytosis (an elevated number of white cells in the blood). | * **Clinical features** – Chronic diseases often share the same clinical presentation as those of known infectious diseases including fever and leucocytosis (an elevated number of white cells in the blood). | ||
- | * **Histology** – The inflammation of affected tissues in a chronic disease is very similar to inflammation caused by infection of characteristic microbial structures. [[http:// | + | * **Histology** – The inflammation of affected tissues in a chronic disease is very similar to inflammation caused by infection of characteristic microbial structures. [[https:// |
* **Treatment response** – Whatever the chronic inflammatory condition, patients on the Marshall Protocol invariably experience the tell-tale immunopathological reaction, which can only be described as a bacterial die-off reaction. Though a number of other antibacterial treatments are ultimately less effective than the MP, patients also respond to these. Even high-dose antibiotics, | * **Treatment response** – Whatever the chronic inflammatory condition, patients on the Marshall Protocol invariably experience the tell-tale immunopathological reaction, which can only be described as a bacterial die-off reaction. Though a number of other antibacterial treatments are ultimately less effective than the MP, patients also respond to these. Even high-dose antibiotics, | ||
- | * < | + | * < |
- | * **[[home: | + | * **[[home: |
- | [{{ : | + | [{{ : |
- | * **Failure of lifestyle interventions** – It has been widely hypothesized that lifestyle factors, including a poor diet and a lack of exercise, are the primary driver behind increased rates of chronic disease. For example, the World Health Organization [[http:// | + | * **Failure of lifestyle interventions** – It has been widely hypothesized that lifestyle factors, including a poor diet and a lack of exercise, are the primary driver behind increased rates of chronic disease. For example, the World Health Organization [[https:// |
- | * **[[transmission|Transmission of disease through blood, bone marrow, organs or other tissues]]** – Organs and tissue from sarcoidosis patients have been known to cause sarcoidosis in the transplanted recipients.(({{pubmed> | + | * **[[transmission|Transmission of disease through blood, bone marrow, organs or other tissues]]** – Organs and tissue from sarcoidosis patients have been known to cause sarcoidosis in the transplanted recipients.(({{pmid> |
- | * **Disease appearing in tattoos** – Over the last 40 years, there have been numerous reports of patients developing skin cancer in their tattoos including melanoma, basal cell carcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas, and keratoacanthomas.(({{pubmed> | + | * **Disease appearing in tattoos** – Over the last 40 years, there have been numerous reports of patients developing skin cancer in their tattoos including melanoma, basal cell carcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas, and keratoacanthomas.(({{pmid> |
- | * **Disease appearing in scars** – There are several case reports of sarcoidosis lesions forming within scars, which are especially susceptible to infection. That these granuloma often take long periods of time to be realized corresponds with the growth rate of the slow-growing chronic pathogens which the Marshall Pathogenesis implicates in chronic disease.(({{pubmed> | + | * **Disease appearing in scars** – There are several case reports of sarcoidosis lesions forming within scars, which are especially susceptible to infection. That these granuloma often take long periods of time to be realized corresponds with the growth rate of the slow-growing chronic pathogens which the Marshall Pathogenesis implicates in chronic disease.(({{pmid> |
- | * **Absence of an effect for most chemicals thought to be toxic** – In contrast to infectious agents, little evidence implicates typical doses of dietary chemicals as primary causes of human cancer. Paul Ewald, PhD has concluded that humans have evolved effective flexible enzymatic systems for degrading potentially carcinogenic chemicals.(({{pubmed> | + | * **Absence of an effect for most chemicals thought to be toxic** – In contrast to infectious agents, little evidence implicates typical doses of dietary chemicals as primary causes of human cancer. Paul Ewald, PhD has concluded that humans have evolved effective flexible enzymatic systems for degrading potentially carcinogenic chemicals.(({{pmid> |
+ | * **Difficulty distinguishing autoimmune disease from infectious disease** – Although they have identified a signature that distinguishes healthy individuals from sarcoidosis or tuberculosis patients, the biosignatures of both diseases are nevertheless very similar. According to the [[https:// | ||
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< | < | ||
- | One useful way to determine if a disease is caused by faulty human genes is look towards the central principle of evolutionary biology: evolutionary fitness. [[http:// | + | One useful way to determine if a disease is caused by faulty human genes is look towards the central principle of evolutionary biology: evolutionary fitness. [[https:// |
If the common inflammatory diseases (including autoimmune diseases) were genetic, the only way they would manage not to be weeded out of the population would be if they conferred some sort of beneficial survival trait not related to the disease. | If the common inflammatory diseases (including autoimmune diseases) were genetic, the only way they would manage not to be weeded out of the population would be if they conferred some sort of beneficial survival trait not related to the disease. | ||
- | To date, no such benefits have been identified in any chronic disease, schizophrenia being a good example.(({{pubmed> | + | To date, no such benefits have been identified in any chronic disease, schizophrenia being a good example.(({{pmid> |
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< | < | ||
- | The Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) is at the heart of innate immunity and transcribes thousands of genes.(({{pubmed> | + | The Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) is at the heart of innate immunity and transcribes thousands of genes.(({{pmid> |
- | Some, as a matter of principle, take issue with the MP's "one size fits all" explanation of the pathogenesis of disease. Not to mix metaphors, but bacteria' | + | Some, as a matter of principle, take issue with the MP's "one size fits all" explanation of the pathogenesis of disease. Not to mix metaphors, but bacteria' |
- | Versatile thought it is, the VDR has an enormous vulnerability, | + | Versatile thought it is, the VDR has an enormous vulnerability, |
--></ | --></ | ||
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+ | < | ||
===== Notes and comments ===== | ===== Notes and comments ===== | ||
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</ | </ | ||
- | ===== References ===== | + | ===== References =====</ |