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====== Evolutionary perspective on chronic disease ====== | ====== Evolutionary perspective on chronic disease ====== | ||
- | One useful way to determine if a disease is caused by faulty human genes is look towards the central principle of evolutionary biology: evolutionary fitness. [[http:// | + | One useful way to determine if a disease is caused by faulty human genes is look towards the central principle of evolutionary biology: evolutionary fitness. [[https:// |
Generally speaking, diseases have three major causes: genetic, environmental, | Generally speaking, diseases have three major causes: genetic, environmental, | ||
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===== Genetic diseases confer a benefit ===== | ===== Genetic diseases confer a benefit ===== | ||
- | Major diseases known to be genetic in origin offer some characteristic which confers a reproductive edge, and almost always that edge involves resistance to infection.(({{pubmed> | + | Major diseases known to be genetic in origin offer some characteristic which confers a reproductive edge, and almost always that edge involves resistance to infection.(({{pmid> |
==== Sickle-cell anemia ==== | ==== Sickle-cell anemia ==== | ||
- | Although [[http:// | + | Although [[https:// |
< | < | ||
- | // | + | // |
</ | </ | ||
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If the common inflammatory diseases (including autoimmune diseases) were genetic, the only way they would manage not to be weeded out of the population would be if they conferred some sort of beneficial survival trait not related to the disease. | If the common inflammatory diseases (including autoimmune diseases) were genetic, the only way they would manage not to be weeded out of the population would be if they conferred some sort of beneficial survival trait not related to the disease. | ||
- | To date, no such benefits have been identified in any disease, schizophrenia being a good example.(({{pubmed> | + | To date, no such benefits have been identified in any disease, schizophrenia being a good example.(({{pmid> |
Among chronic diseases, as opposed to genetic illnesses, there has certainly been no documented increased resistance to infection. Crohn' | Among chronic diseases, as opposed to genetic illnesses, there has certainly been no documented increased resistance to infection. Crohn' | ||
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< | < | ||
- | //**Rolf Zinkernagel**// | + | //**Rolf Zinkernagel**// |
The problem with this argument is that many chronic diseases do strike before reproductive age. Consider, once again, schizophrenia, | The problem with this argument is that many chronic diseases do strike before reproductive age. Consider, once again, schizophrenia, | ||
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===== Persistence of chronic diseases ===== | ===== Persistence of chronic diseases ===== | ||
- | Further evidence against the genetic hypothesis for inflammatory disease is that a number of diseases - diseases like Crohn' | + | Further evidence against the genetic hypothesis for inflammatory disease is that a number of diseases - diseases like Crohn' |
===== Interplay between environmental factors and genes ===== | ===== Interplay between environmental factors and genes ===== | ||
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===== Read more ===== | ===== Read more ===== | ||
- | * [[http:// | + | * [[https:// |
- | * [[http:// | + | * [[https:// |
{{tag> Pathogenesis}} | {{tag> Pathogenesis}} | ||
+ | < | ||
===== Notes and comments ===== | ===== Notes and comments ===== | ||
- | removed groken | + | broken |
* Legacy content | * Legacy content | ||
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- | ===== References ===== | + | ===== References =====</ |