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home:pathogenesis:horizontal_gene [02.13.2019] – [Horizontal gene transfer] sallieq | home:pathogenesis:horizontal_gene [09.14.2022] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1 | ||
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HGT often happens via plasmids, circular molecules of DNA that can replicate independently of a pathogen’s other genetic material. | HGT often happens via plasmids, circular molecules of DNA that can replicate independently of a pathogen’s other genetic material. | ||
- | There is strong genomic evidence that bacteria often acquire evolutionary novelties from outside their ancestral population by horizontal gene transfer. Researchers at the Cancer Research Institute in Slovakia analyzed the bacterial DNA isolated from the intestinal tract of 11 American and 30 Slovak patients with HIV/AIDS. They found that the intestinal bacteria genes were more than 90% homologous to the corresponding sequence in HIV – suggesting that the bacteria and the HIV virus had traded a significant amount of genetic material.(({{pubmed> | + | There is strong genomic evidence that bacteria often acquire evolutionary novelties from outside their ancestral population by horizontal gene transfer. Researchers at the Cancer Research Institute in Slovakia analyzed the bacterial DNA isolated from the intestinal tract of 11 American and 30 Slovak patients with HIV/AIDS. They found that the intestinal bacteria genes were more than 90% homologous to the corresponding sequence in HIV – suggesting that the bacteria and the HIV virus had traded a significant amount of genetic material.(({{pmid> |
The following microbes have been documented to evolve, through horizontal gene transfer, certain key evolutionary advantages: | The following microbes have been documented to evolve, through horizontal gene transfer, certain key evolutionary advantages: | ||
- | * // | + | * // |
- | * //Shigella flexneri// and others – resistance to multiple antibiotics (({{pubmed> | + | * //Shigella flexneri// and others – resistance to multiple antibiotics (({{pmid> |
- | * // | + | * // |
- | * // | + | * // |
===== Acquired virulence ===== | ===== Acquired virulence ===== | ||
- | The transfer of DNA among pathogens means that once harmless microbes can acquire properties that allow them to cause problems for the host. “The mobile nature of... gene islands, transported between bacteria via plasmids or phages, creates the potential for acquired virulence in previously innocuous microbes, | + | The transfer of DNA among pathogens means that once harmless microbes can acquire properties that allow them to cause problems for the host. “The mobile nature of... gene islands, transported between bacteria via plasmids or phages, creates the potential for acquired virulence in previously innocuous microbes, |
- | The bacterial pathogen //Vibrio cholerae// has evolved resistance to a number of antibiotics (none of which are MP antibiotics) in about 10 years' time(({{pubmed> | + | The bacterial pathogen //Vibrio cholerae// has evolved resistance to a number of antibiotics (none of which are MP antibiotics) in about 10 years' time(({{pmid> |
Also, for example, take the bacterial species //Bacillus anthracis//, | Also, for example, take the bacterial species //Bacillus anthracis//, | ||
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One study looked at several species of insects and roundworms infected by a parasitic bacterium called //Wolbachia pipientis// | One study looked at several species of insects and roundworms infected by a parasitic bacterium called //Wolbachia pipientis// | ||
- | When the researchers compared the genetic code of the bacterium with the code of 11 other species: four roundworms, four fruit flies, and three wasps, they found that all but three of the fruit fly species had segments of the bacterium’s genetic code embedded in their DNA.(({{pubmed> | + | When the researchers compared the genetic code of the bacterium with the code of 11 other species: four roundworms, four fruit flies, and three wasps, they found that all but three of the fruit fly species had segments of the bacterium’s genetic code embedded in their DNA.(({{pmid> |
Whether this occurs in humans has not yet been demonstrated, | Whether this occurs in humans has not yet been demonstrated, | ||
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===== Read more ===== | ===== Read more ===== | ||
- | * [[http:// | + | * [[https:// |
- | * [[http:// | + | * [[https:// |
{{tag> Pathogenesis}} | {{tag> Pathogenesis}} | ||
+ | < | ||
===== Notes and comments ===== | ===== Notes and comments ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | //link no longer lads to cited author// | ||
+ | [[https:// | ||
+ | |||
* Legacy content | * Legacy content | ||
- | * http:// | + | * https:// |
* | * | ||
- | ===== References ===== | + | ===== References =====</ |