This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.
Both sides previous revisionPrevious revisionNext revision | Previous revision | ||
home:pathogenesis:microbiota:interaction [05.19.2020] – [Effects of bacteria and viruses on their human host] sallieq | home:pathogenesis:microbiota:interaction [09.14.2022] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1 | ||
---|---|---|---|
Line 5: | Line 5: | ||
- | The genomes and the respective proteomes of microbes in the body frequently interact with those expressed by their human hosts. This is a key part of what is know as the interactome. The " | + | The genomes and the respective proteomes of microbes in the body frequently interact with those expressed by their human hosts. This is a key part of what is know as the interactome. The " |
Line 20: | Line 20: | ||
[{{ : | [{{ : | ||
- | The genomes and the respective proteomes of microbes in the body frequently interact with those expressed by their human hosts. This is a key part of what is know as the interactome. The " | + | The genomes and the respective proteomes of microbes in the body frequently interact with those expressed by their human hosts. This is a key part of what is know as the interactome. The " |
==== Viruses ==== | ==== Viruses ==== | ||
- | In a 2007 analysis of sequence similarity between hepatitis C virus (HCV) and humans Kusalik //et al.// found that pentamers from HCV polyprotein have a widespread and high level of similarity to a large number of human proteins (19,605 human proteins, that is 57.6% of the human proteome).(({{pubmed> | + | In a 2007 analysis of sequence similarity between hepatitis C virus (HCV) and humans Kusalik //et al.// found that pentamers from HCV polyprotein have a widespread and high level of similarity to a large number of human proteins (19,605 human proteins, that is 57.6% of the human proteome).(({{pmid> |
- | A 2008 study examined thirty viral proteomes were examined for amino acid sequence similarity to the human proteome (as well as a control of 30 sets of human proteins).(({{pubmed> | + | A 2008 study examined thirty viral proteomes were examined for amino acid sequence similarity to the human proteome (as well as a control of 30 sets of human proteins).(({{pmid> |
==== Coronavirus ==== | ==== Coronavirus ==== | ||
Line 44: | Line 44: | ||
[[https:// | [[https:// | ||
- | [[http:// | + | [[https:// |
- | [[http:// | + | [[https:// |
- | current evidence(({{pubmed> | + | current evidence(({{pmid> |
- | chloroquine (({{pubmed> | + | chloroquine (({{pmid> |
- | neuroinvasive potential(({{pubmed> | + | neuroinvasive potential(({{pmid> |
- | Unique epidemiological and clinical features(({{pubmed> | + | Unique epidemiological and clinical features(({{pmid> |
- | Presumed Asymptomatic Carrier Transmission(({{pubmed> | + | Presumed Asymptomatic Carrier Transmission(({{pmid> |
- | Discovering drugs(({{pubmed> | + | Discovering drugs(({{pmid> |
- | breakthrough(({{pubmed> | + | breakthrough(({{pmid> |
- | What we know so far(({{pubmed> | + | What we know so far(({{pmid> |
It seems [[https:// | It seems [[https:// | ||
Line 68: | Line 68: | ||
[[https:// | [[https:// | ||
- | February 2020 The multicenter collaboration group of Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province and Health Commission of Guangdong Province for chloroquine in the treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia developed this expert consensus after extensive discussion. It recommended chloroquine phosphate tablet, 500mg twice per day for 10 days for patients diagnosed as mild, moderate and severe cases of novel coronavirus pneumonia and without contraindications to chloroquine. (({{pubmed> | + | February 2020 The multicenter collaboration group of Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province and Health Commission of Guangdong Province for chloroquine in the treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia developed this expert consensus after extensive discussion. It recommended chloroquine phosphate tablet, 500mg twice per day for 10 days for patients diagnosed as mild, moderate and severe cases of novel coronavirus pneumonia and without contraindications to chloroquine. (({{pmid> |
+ | |||
+ | **May 2020** Results of extensive study of [[https:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | 96 032 patients (mean age 53·8 years, 46·3% women) with COVID-19 were hospitalised during the study period and met the inclusion criteria. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Data from 671 hospitals in six continents | ||
+ | |||
+ | Patients who received one of the treatments of interest within 48 h of diagnosis were included in one of four treatment groups (chloroquine alone, chloroquine with a macrolide, hydroxychloroquine alone, or hydroxychloroquine with a macrolide), and patients who received none of these treatments formed the control group. Patients for whom one of the treatments of interest was initiated more than 48 h after diagnosis or while they were on mechanical ventilation, | ||
+ | |||
+ | After controlling for multiple confounding factors (age, sex, race or ethnicity, body-mass index, underlying cardiovascular disease and its risk factors, diabetes, underlying lung disease, smoking, immunosuppressed condition, and baseline disease severity), | ||
+ | |||
+ | The main outcomes of interest were in-hospital mortality and the occurrence of de-novo ventricular arrhythmias (non-sustained or sustained ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation). | ||
+ | |||
+ | Compared with the control group (0·3%), hydroxychloroquine (6·1%; 2·369, 1·935–2·900), | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | When compared with mortality in the control group (9·3%), hydroxychloroquine (18·0%; hazard ratio 1·335, 95% CI 1·223–1·457), | ||
- | Drug used for Ebola is being tested on 600 participants in a study started March 15, 2020 and expected to complete in May 2020 [[https:// | ||
[[https:// | [[https:// | ||
[[https:// | [[https:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | Drug used for Ebola is being tested on 600 participants in a study started March 15, 2020 and expected to complete in May 2020 [[https:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[https:// | ||
+ | |Laboratory experiment shows Ivermectin can kill the virus within 48 hours in cell culture]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | [[https:// | ||
+ | |||
[[https:// | [[https:// | ||
[[https:// | [[https:// | ||
- | [[https:// | + | [[https:// |
+ | |||
+ | Physicians who participated in the study report that patients’ viral loads began declining almost immediately after they began administering ivermectin, a widely available prescription drug approved | ||
[[https:// | [[https:// | ||
Line 90: | Line 117: | ||
==== Bacteria ==== | ==== Bacteria ==== | ||
- | Work on bacterial proteomes, while more recent, has also been illuminating. Trost //et al.// studied in 2010 forty bacterial proteomes for amino acid sequence similarity to the human proteome.(({{pubmed> | + | Work on bacterial proteomes, while more recent, has also been illuminating. Trost //et al.// studied in 2010 forty bacterial proteomes for amino acid sequence similarity to the human proteome.(({{pmid> |
- | Expanding on this work, Trost //et al.// performed a pentapeptide and hexapeptide analyses of sequence similarities between bacterial and human DNA.(({{pubmed> | + | Expanding on this work, Trost //et al.// performed a pentapeptide and hexapeptide analyses of sequence similarities between bacterial and human DNA.(({{pmid> |
- | Surveys of protein-protein interactions have also been completed for // | + | Surveys of protein-protein interactions have also been completed for // |
Line 103: | Line 130: | ||
//**Trevor Marshall, PhD**//</ | //**Trevor Marshall, PhD**//</ | ||
- | Researchers are increasingly highlighting the intracellular activities of microbes such as // | + | Researchers are increasingly highlighting the intracellular activities of microbes such as // |
- | The Marshall Pathogenesis describes how microbes persist intraphagocytically – that is, inside the phagocytes. For example, // | + | The Marshall Pathogenesis describes how microbes persist intraphagocytically – that is, inside the phagocytes. For example, // |
- | Such an adaptation may further account for the resistance of chronic diseases to antibiotic treatment.(({{pubmed> | + | Such an adaptation may further account for the resistance of chronic diseases to antibiotic treatment.(({{pmid> |
===== Bacteria affect host-cell pathways ===== | ===== Bacteria affect host-cell pathways ===== | ||
- | Bacterial pathogens operate by attacking crucial intracellular pathways in their hosts. These pathogens usually target more than one intracellular pathway and often interact at several points in each of these pathways to commandeer them fully.(({{pubmed> | + | Bacterial pathogens operate by attacking crucial intracellular pathways in their hosts. These pathogens usually target more than one intracellular pathway and often interact at several points in each of these pathways to commandeer them fully.(({{pmid> |
- | * modulation of programmed host-cell death, known as apoptosis, to facilitate survival in the host;(({{pubmed> | + | * modulation of programmed host-cell death, known as apoptosis, to facilitate survival in the host;(({{pmid> |
- | * modulation of vesicular traffic, a strategy which provides a protective niche within host cells, including in macrophages and neutrophils, | + | * modulation of vesicular traffic, a strategy which provides a protective niche within host cells, including in macrophages and neutrophils, |
- | * modulation of membrane traffic as is the case with the Legionnaire' | + | * modulation of membrane traffic as is the case with the Legionnaire' |
- | * modulation of macrophage cytokine production(({{pubmed> | + | * modulation of macrophage cytokine production(({{pmid> |
- | * secretion of proteins, which are similar in effect to substances known to be toxic to humans(({{pubmed> | + | * secretion of proteins, which are similar in effect to substances known to be toxic to humans(({{pmid> |
- | * creation of virulence factors which suppress MAMPs (Microbial Associated Molecular Patterns)(({{pubmed> | + | * creation of virulence factors which suppress MAMPs (Microbial Associated Molecular Patterns)(({{pmid> |
- | * Ehrlichia/ | + | * Ehrlichia/ |
- | * [[home: | + | * [[home: |
| | ||
Line 128: | Line 155: | ||
- | < | + | < |
//**Liping Zhao**//</ | //**Liping Zhao**//</ | ||
Line 135: | Line 162: | ||
- | [{{ : | + | [{{ : |
- | According to one analysis, 463 human genes are changed during an infection with // | + | According to one analysis, 463 human genes are changed during an infection with // |
It is quite plausible that " | It is quite plausible that " | ||
Line 158: | Line 185: | ||
{{tag> | {{tag> | ||
+ | < | ||
===== Notes and comments ===== | ===== Notes and comments ===== | ||
- | ===== References ===== | + | ===== References =====</ |