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home:pathogenesis:microbiota:lforms [08.23.2017] – [Notes and comments] sallieqhome:pathogenesis:microbiota:lforms [10.27.2019] – [Culturing and detection] sallieq
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 Classical forms of most bacterial species can be found in the bloodstream. However L-form bacteria have figured out how to successfully infect and live inside the very cells of the immune system whose role is to kill bacteria. Once inside these cells, they can no longer be detected by the immune system and are able to persist in the body over long periods of time. L-form bacteria can infect many types of cells but prefer to infect white blood cells called macrophages. Classical forms of most bacterial species can be found in the bloodstream. However L-form bacteria have figured out how to successfully infect and live inside the very cells of the immune system whose role is to kill bacteria. Once inside these cells, they can no longer be detected by the immune system and are able to persist in the body over long periods of time. L-form bacteria can infect many types of cells but prefer to infect white blood cells called macrophages.
  
-Several very recent studies have confirmed the fact that bacteria can live inside the cells of the immune system. In a paper published in the Journal of Immunology by a team at the University of Michigan Medical School, Gabreil Nunez, senior author of the paper, [[http://www.cancer.med.umich.edu/news/immune07.shtml|stated]] “In our study, the presence of bacterial microbes inside the cell is what triggers the immune response.”(({{pubmed>long:17433728}}))+Several very recent studies have confirmed the fact that bacteria can live inside the cells of the immune system. In a paper published in the Journal of Immunology by a team at the University of Michigan Medical School, Gabreil Nunez, senior author of the 2007 paper, stated  “In our study, the presence of bacterial microbes inside the cell is what triggers the immune response.”(({{pubmed>long:17433728}}))
  
 Similarly, a team of researchers at the Bacterienne Institute in France released a paper detailing how the bacteria //E. coli// is able to live inside the cells of the immune system. Similarly, a team of researchers at the Bacterienne Institute in France released a paper detailing how the bacteria //E. coli// is able to live inside the cells of the immune system.
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 Several studies have shown that once inside a macrophage, L-form bacteria are able to delay the process of apoptosis, or programmed cell death, allowing them to thrive inside the cell for a period of time even longer than 45 days. Several studies have shown that once inside a macrophage, L-form bacteria are able to delay the process of apoptosis, or programmed cell death, allowing them to thrive inside the cell for a period of time even longer than 45 days.
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 +Life without a wall or division machine in Bacillus subtilis.  (({{pubmed>long:19212404}})) 
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 Inflammation also drives many chronic conditions that are still classified as (noninfectious) autoimmune or immune-mediated (e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease). Both [the innate and adaptive immune systems] play critical roles in the pathogenesis of these inflammatory syndromes. Therefore, inflammation is a clear potential link between infectious agents and chronic diseases. Inflammation also drives many chronic conditions that are still classified as (noninfectious) autoimmune or immune-mediated (e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease). Both [the innate and adaptive immune systems] play critical roles in the pathogenesis of these inflammatory syndromes. Therefore, inflammation is a clear potential link between infectious agents and chronic diseases.
  
-Siobhán M. O'Connor of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [[http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/Eid/vol12no07/06-0037.htm|concurs]], stating, “The epidemiologic, clinical, and pathologic features of many chronic inflammatory diseases are consistent with a microbial cause.” +Siobhán M. O'Connor of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [[https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/12/7/06-0037_article|concurs]], stating, “The epidemiologic, clinical, and pathologic features of many chronic inflammatory diseases are consistent with a microbial cause.” 
-===== Future research =====+===== Recent research ===== 
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 +L-form bacteria cohabitants in human blood: significance for health and diseases. (({{pubmed>long:28715646}})) 
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 +Possible role of L-form switching in recurrent urinary tract infection  (({{pubmed>long:31558767}}))  
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 +==== Future research ==== 
  
 There seems to be little incentive for scientists to study the L-form. Since the bacteria can be killed by simple low-dose antibiotic therapy, drug companies have little interest in investing money into related research. Researchers studying the L-form often find themselves with very little grant money but must still work long, tedious hours in the lab. There seems to be little incentive for scientists to study the L-form. Since the bacteria can be killed by simple low-dose antibiotic therapy, drug companies have little interest in investing money into related research. Researchers studying the L-form often find themselves with very little grant money but must still work long, tedious hours in the lab.
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 //**Gerald Domingue, PhD**// </blockquote> //**Gerald Domingue, PhD**// </blockquote>
  
 +[[https://www.the-scientist.com/news-opinion/directed-evolution-phage-display-nab-chemistry-nobel-64890|Directed evolution to shape the function of enzymes]], has received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2018.
  
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 +{{tag>pathogenesis Microbes_in_the_human_body}}
 ===== Notes and comments ===== ===== Notes and comments =====
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 Link removed  [[http://www.cancer.med.umich.edu/news/immune07.shtml|stated]]  Link removed  [[http://www.cancer.med.umich.edu/news/immune07.shtml|stated]] 
home/pathogenesis/microbiota/lforms.txt · Last modified: 09.14.2022 by 127.0.0.1
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