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home:pathogenesis:vitamind:latitude [12.13.2009] – paulalberthome:pathogenesis:vitamind:latitude [10.24.2010] – external 127.0.0.1
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 ====== Latitude studies on vitamin D and disease ====== ====== Latitude studies on vitamin D and disease ======
  
-<html><div class="mainarticle">Related article:</html> [[home:othertreatments:sunshine|Sunshine/light exposure as therapy]] <html></div></html>+<relatedarticle> [[home:othertreatments:antidepressants|Sunshine/light exposure as therapy]] </article>
  
 The "latitude studies" are [[home:pathogenesis:vitamind:observational_bias|observational]] - as opposed to interventional - studies  that use ambient solar UV radiation as a proxy for latitude and vitamin D status. For these studies, researchers compare rates of certain major cancers - most notably breast, colorectal and prostate cancer - to rates of sunlight exposure. This group of research has the liability of being wildly inconsistent. The choice to publish research on a specific latitude gradient may be a better proxy for a researcher's bias. There is sufficient variability in the prevalence of disease among countries and ethnicities that different researchers have come to different conclusions even those looking at the same data source. The "latitude studies" are [[home:pathogenesis:vitamind:observational_bias|observational]] - as opposed to interventional - studies  that use ambient solar UV radiation as a proxy for latitude and vitamin D status. For these studies, researchers compare rates of certain major cancers - most notably breast, colorectal and prostate cancer - to rates of sunlight exposure. This group of research has the liability of being wildly inconsistent. The choice to publish research on a specific latitude gradient may be a better proxy for a researcher's bias. There is sufficient variability in the prevalence of disease among countries and ethnicities that different researchers have come to different conclusions even those looking at the same data source.
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 ===== Cancer ===== ===== Cancer =====
  
-<html><div class="mainarticle">Main article:</html> [[home:pathogenesis:vitamind:cancer|Vitamin D and cancer]] <html></div></html>+<mainarticle> [[home:pathogenesis:vitamind:cancer|Vitamin D and cancer]] </article>
  
  
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 //**Darrel S. Rigel, MD**//</blockquote>  //**Darrel S. Rigel, MD**//</blockquote> 
  
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 In addition to optic neuritis, multiple sclerosis is correlated with several eye symptoms including diplopia (double vision), nystagmus (jerky eye movements), ocular dysmetria (overshooting eye movements), and internuclear opthalmoplegia (lack of coordination between the eyes). In addition to optic neuritis, multiple sclerosis is correlated with several eye symptoms including diplopia (double vision), nystagmus (jerky eye movements), ocular dysmetria (overshooting eye movements), and internuclear opthalmoplegia (lack of coordination between the eyes).
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 ===== Causation – the elusive grail of epidemiology ===== ===== Causation – the elusive grail of epidemiology =====
  
-<html><div class="mainarticle">Main article:</html> [[home:pathogenesis:vitamind:correlation|Mistaking correlation for causation in vitamin D studies]] <html></div></html>+<mainarticle> [[home:pathogenesis:vitamind:correlation|Mistaking correlation for causation in vitamin D studies]] </article>
  
 Some have argued that the apparent latitude gradient in disease prevalence speaks for itself, but one cannot impute causation simply by looking at a map. In 2003, L.R. Karhausen wrote a paper entitled "Causation: the elusive grail of epidemiology." In the review, Karhausen rebukes those who would place undue faith in conclusions based on observational epidemiological studies. Some have argued that the apparent latitude gradient in disease prevalence speaks for itself, but one cannot impute causation simply by looking at a map. In 2003, L.R. Karhausen wrote a paper entitled "Causation: the elusive grail of epidemiology." In the review, Karhausen rebukes those who would place undue faith in conclusions based on observational epidemiological studies.
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-{{tag>Study_Design}}+{{tag>Study_Design Light}}
  
 ===== Notes and comments ===== ===== Notes and comments =====
home/pathogenesis/vitamind/latitude.txt · Last modified: 09.14.2022 by 127.0.0.1
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