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====== Latitude studies on vitamin D and disease ====== | ====== Latitude studies on vitamin D and disease ====== | ||
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The " | The " | ||
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===== Cancer ===== | ===== Cancer ===== | ||
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//**Darrel S. Rigel, MD**//</ | //**Darrel S. Rigel, MD**//</ | ||
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In addition to optic neuritis, multiple sclerosis is correlated with several eye symptoms including diplopia (double vision), nystagmus (jerky eye movements), ocular dysmetria (overshooting eye movements), and internuclear opthalmoplegia (lack of coordination between the eyes). | In addition to optic neuritis, multiple sclerosis is correlated with several eye symptoms including diplopia (double vision), nystagmus (jerky eye movements), ocular dysmetria (overshooting eye movements), and internuclear opthalmoplegia (lack of coordination between the eyes). | ||
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===== Causation – the elusive grail of epidemiology ===== | ===== Causation – the elusive grail of epidemiology ===== | ||
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Some have argued that the apparent latitude gradient in disease prevalence speaks for itself, but one cannot impute causation simply by looking at a map. In 2003, L.R. Karhausen wrote a paper entitled " | Some have argued that the apparent latitude gradient in disease prevalence speaks for itself, but one cannot impute causation simply by looking at a map. In 2003, L.R. Karhausen wrote a paper entitled " | ||
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===== Notes and comments ===== | ===== Notes and comments ===== | ||
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*Legacy content | *Legacy content | ||
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+ | J Invest Dermatol. 2010 Feb; | ||
+ | Vitamin D production after UVB exposure depends on baseline vitamin D and total cholesterol but not on skin pigmentation. | ||
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+ | Bogh MK, Schmedes AV, Philipsen PA, Thieden E, Wulf HC. | ||
+ | Department of Dermatology, | ||
+ | Erratum in: | ||
+ | J Invest Dermatol. 2010 Jun; | ||
+ | Comment in: | ||
+ | J Invest Dermatol. 2010 Feb; | ||
+ | J Invest Dermatol. 2010 Aug; | ||
+ | J Invest Dermatol. 2010 Feb; | ||
+ | Abstract | ||
+ | UVB radiation increases serum vitamin D level expressed as 25-hydroxyvitamin-D(3) (25(OH)D), but the influence of skin pigmentation, | ||
+ | PMID: 19812604</ | ||
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+ | < | ||
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+ | The evolution of human skin coloration. | ||
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+ | Jablonski NG, Chaplin G. | ||
+ | Department of Anthropology, | ||
+ | Abstract | ||
+ | Skin color is one of the most conspicuous ways in which humans vary and has been widely used to define human races. Here we present new evidence indicating that variations in skin color are adaptive, and are related to the regulation of ultraviolet (UV) radiation penetration in the integument and its direct and indirect effects on fitness. Using remotely sensed data on UV radiation levels, hypotheses concerning the distribution of the skin colors of indigenous peoples relative to UV levels were tested quantitatively in this study for the first time. The major results of this study are: (1) skin reflectance is strongly correlated with absolute latitude and UV radiation levels. The highest correlation between skin reflectance and UV levels was observed at 545 nm, near the absorption maximum for oxyhemoglobin, | ||
+ | Copyright 2000 Academic Press. | ||
+ | |||
+ | PMID: 10896812</ | ||
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+ | < | ||
+ | The evolution of light skin color: role of vitamin D disputed. | ||
+ | Robins AH. | ||
+ | Department of Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, | ||
+ | Comment in: | ||
+ | Am J Phys Anthropol. 2009 Aug; | ||
+ | |||
+ | PMID: 19425095</ | ||
===== References ===== | ===== References ===== |