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--- home:publications:proal_annals_2009 [04.24.2009] – neldawhite
+++ home:publications:proal_annals_2009 [10.19.2010] – paulalbert
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+ ====== Paper - Dysregulation of the Vitamin D Nuclear Receptor may contribute to the higher prevalence of some autoimmune diseases in women  ======
+**Type:** Paper\\
+**Authors:**  Amy D. Proal, Paul J. Albert,  Trevor Marshall PhD\\
+**Publication:**  //Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences//\\
+**Citation:**  {{pubmed>long:19758159}}\\
+<html><form>
+<a href="http://autoimmunityResearch.org/preprints/ProalAnnals2009Preprint.pdf"><input type="image" name="Submit" value="Download as PDF"  src="http://mpkb.org/_media/home/downloadpdf.gif"; class="buttoncalc hide" /></a>
+</form></html>
+===== Abstract =====
+Researchers have noted that the incidence of autoimmune diseases such as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is markedly higher in women than in men, but to date the reason for this disparity has been unclear. The Vitamin D Nuclear Receptor (VDR) is expressed in the human cycling endometrium. Because the VDR controls expression of the Cathelicidin and beta Defensin antimicrobial peptides (AmPs), dysregulation of the receptor greatly compromises the innate immune response. Increasing evidence indicates the presence of a chronic, intraphagocytic metagenomic microbiota in patients with autoimmune disease that may survive by dysregulating the VDR. VDR dysregulation in turn prevents the breakdown of the active vitamin D metabolite 1,25-hydroxyvitamin D (1,25-D) by CYP24. In silico data suggest that when 1,25-D rises above its normal range it binds the alpha/beta thyroid receptors, the glucocorticoid receptor (GCR) and the androgen receptor (AR), displacing their native ligands and causing an array of hormonal imbalances.  If T3 is displaced from alpha thyroid, thyroiditis may result.  Since the VDR, GCR, and AR also express multiple families of AmPs, expression of these natural antibiotics further wanes in response to dysregulation by 1,25-D. The end result is a system-wide drop in AmP expression that may allow pathogens to spread with greater ease. Because women have an extra site of VDR expression in the endometrium, the drop in AmP expression associated with nuclear receptor dysregulation may disproportionately affect them. This would cause women to accumulate higher bacterial loads than their male counterparts, particularly during early pregnancy when 1,25-D levels rise by 40%.
+{{tag>papers Trevor_Marshall_PhD Paul_Albert Amy_Proal Cognitive_Dysfunction pregnancy 2009}}

home/publications/proal_annals_2009.txt · Last modified: 09.14.2022 by 127.0.0.1