This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.
Both sides previous revisionPrevious revisionNext revision | Previous revision | ||
home:publications:proal_autoimmunity_2010 [06.15.2010] – marysue | home:publications:proal_autoimmunity_2010 [09.14.2022] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1 | ||
---|---|---|---|
Line 23: | Line 23: | ||
====#2 Bacterial composition of psoriatic vs. healthy skin, by select phyla==== | ====#2 Bacterial composition of psoriatic vs. healthy skin, by select phyla==== | ||
- | For example, this chart shows the composition of three important phyla that persist in the skin.(({{pubmed> | + | For example, this chart shows the composition of three important phyla that persist in the skin.(({{pmid> |
====#3 Molecular technologies allow microbes to be identified==== | ====#3 Molecular technologies allow microbes to be identified==== | ||
- | So, how are these bacteria detected? Well, instead of just using cultivation techniques, standard cultivation methods, to find the bacteria, the researchers used 16S RNA sequencing. They identified over 1,925 clones in the skin. | + | How are these bacteria detected? Well, instead of just using cultivation techniques, standard cultivation methods, to find the bacteria, the researchers used 16S RNA sequencing. They identified over 1,925 clones in the skin. |
And similar techniques - these are techniques that also rely on identifying bacteria by characterizing their DNA - such as shotgun sequencing, pyrosequencing, | And similar techniques - these are techniques that also rely on identifying bacteria by characterizing their DNA - such as shotgun sequencing, pyrosequencing, | ||
Line 32: | Line 32: | ||
For example, in the psoriasis study, 84 of the clones likely represented novel species never before known to persist in the skin. And these tools allow us to study microbes in the tissues in which they persist. | For example, in the psoriasis study, 84 of the clones likely represented novel species never before known to persist in the skin. And these tools allow us to study microbes in the tissues in which they persist. | ||
- | So, over the past few years, thanks to these molecular tools there have been so many novel microbes discovered in the human body. And in fact, there have been so many that we now realize that just a fraction of these microbes can be successfully cultured if we would only use standard laboratory methods. | + | Over the past few years, thanks to these molecular tools there have been so many novel microbes discovered in the human body. And in fact, there have been so many that we now realize that just a fraction of these microbes can be successfully cultured if we would only use standard laboratory methods. |
====#4 Pathogens a.k.a. " | ====#4 Pathogens a.k.a. " | ||
Line 39: | Line 39: | ||
====#5 Human Microbiome Project==== | ====#5 Human Microbiome Project==== | ||
- | Well, that's why the NIH is currently running the Human Microbiome Project, and it's a correlate to the Human Genome Project, where they are funding essentially the top genomic centers in the country to continue studying the differences in populations between bacteria and other microbes in health and disease. | + | That's why the NIH is currently running the Human Microbiome Project, and it's a correlate to the Human Genome Project, where they are funding essentially the top genomic centers in the country to continue studying the differences in populations between bacteria and other microbes in health and disease. |
- | Well, with this in mind, it's entirely possible that in autoimmune disease the antibodies are not being created in response to self but are instead being produced in response to these pathogens. | + | With this in mind, it's entirely possible that in autoimmune disease the antibodies are not being created in response to self but are instead being produced in response to these pathogens. |
====#6 Gestational age at delivery as a function of bacterial rDNA concentrates in the amniotic fluid==== | ====#6 Gestational age at delivery as a function of bacterial rDNA concentrates in the amniotic fluid==== | ||
- | Well, even tissues with the highest reputation for sterility such as, let's say, the amniotic fluid, are actually filled with a diversity of bacteria. In 2008 DiGullio and Relman at Stanford published a paper showing the presence of 18 different bacterial taxa in the amniotic fluid.(({{pubmed> | + | Even tissues with the highest reputation for sterility such as, let's say, the amniotic fluid, are actually filled with a diversity of bacteria. In 2008 DiGullio and Relman at Stanford published a paper showing the presence of 18 different bacterial taxa in the amniotic fluid.(({{pmid> |
====#7 How does chronic disease develop? | ====#7 How does chronic disease develop? | ||
- | Well, in this context, how does chronic inflammatory disease appear to develop? | + | In this context, how does chronic inflammatory disease appear to develop? |
====#8 Nuclear receptors down regulated upon infection==== | ====#8 Nuclear receptors down regulated upon infection==== | ||
- | Take, for example, the Vitamin D Receptor or VDR - a type 1 nuclear receptor. | + | Take, for example, the Vitamin D Receptor or VDR - it' |
====#9 The Vitamin D Receptor (VDR)==== | ====#9 The Vitamin D Receptor (VDR)==== | ||
- | Why the VDR? Well, colloquially | + | You might ask, why the VDR? Colloquially |
====#10 HIV and Borrelia burgdorferi==== | ====#10 HIV and Borrelia burgdorferi==== | ||
- | Note that HIV persists in the same fashion. It completely overtakes the VDR in order to transcribe its own genome.(({{pubmed> | + | And note that HIV persists in the same fashion. It completely overtakes the VDR in order to transcribe its own genome.(({{pmid> |
- | This is such a logical survival mechanism on the part of these microbes that it is almost certain other less well-studied microbes have also evolved to slow VDR activity, or the activity of other receptors involved in controlling the immune response. | + | This is such a logical survival mechanism on the part of these microbes that it' |
====#11 Successive infection==== | ====#11 Successive infection==== | ||
- | Well, these persistence mechanisms result in a snowball effect. When the immune system slows, and a person acquires one pathogen, then it becomes easier to acquire another pathogen. | + | These persistence mechanisms result in a snowball effect. When the immune system slows, and a person acquires one pathogen, then it becomes easier |
In the context of successive infection, an inflammatory disease state appears to result from the combined pathogenicity of the sum of microbes that any one person accumulates over the course of a lifetime. As human genes are upregulated or downregulated by components of these microbes, the human body shifts further and further away from its natural state of homeostasis. | In the context of successive infection, an inflammatory disease state appears to result from the combined pathogenicity of the sum of microbes that any one person accumulates over the course of a lifetime. As human genes are upregulated or downregulated by components of these microbes, the human body shifts further and further away from its natural state of homeostasis. | ||
Line 69: | Line 69: | ||
====#12 Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)==== | ====#12 Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)==== | ||
- | So, for example, over the past years, Epstein-Barr Virus has been detected in so many different proportions in so many disease states. | + | For example, over the past years, Epstein-Barr Virus has been detected in so many different proportions in so many disease states. |
====#13 Pathogens, aka " | ====#13 Pathogens, aka " | ||
- | With this in mind, a "one microbe/one disease" | + | With this in mind, a "one microbe/one disease" |
====#14 Co-morbidities among inflammatory diagnoses==== | ====#14 Co-morbidities among inflammatory diagnoses==== | ||
- | Well, it may also not be by accident that the uniqueness with which a patients' | + | It may also not be by accident that the uniqueness with which a patients' |
====#15 Select bacterial genera detected in commonly smoked cigarettes==== | ====#15 Select bacterial genera detected in commonly smoked cigarettes==== | ||
- | So, where do we pick up these pathogens? They' | + | Where do we pick up these pathogens? They' |
- | Finally, and I want to stress this, the model of successive infection has great implications for the way autoimmune disease should be treated. If microbes - both bacterial and viral - are driving the autoimmune disease state, then treatments that suppress the immune response can best succeed | + | Finally, and I want to stress this, the model of successive infection has great implications for the way autoimmune disease should be treated. If microbes - both bacterial and viral - are driving the autoimmune disease state, then treatments that suppress the immune response can at best succeed |
+ | |||
+ | This being said, I work with the non-profit Autoimmunity Research Foundation and we, over the last six years have been working with a treatment for autoimmune disease that stimulates rather than suppresses the immune response in autoimmune disease. And, key to the treatment is the use of a VDR agonist which turns on - returns on - those components of the innate immune system that I described before that were so important. | ||
- | Well, this being said, I work with the non-profit Autoimmunity Research Foundation and we, over the last six years have been working with a treatment for autoimmune disease that stimulates rather than suppresses the immune response in autoimmune disease. And, key to the treatment is the use of a VDR agonist which turns on - returns on - those key components of the innate immune system that I described before that were so important. | ||
====#16 " | ====#16 " | ||
- | So, even when you leave this conference I hope you keep one important consideration - and honestly, this is a potential paradigm shift that we're dealing with here - in mind. When it comes to the immune responses in autoimmune disease: Don't palliate, stimulate!! | + | Even when you leave this conference I hope you keep one important consideration - and honestly, this is a potential paradigm shift that we're dealing with here - in mind. When it comes to the immune responses in autoimmune disease: Don't palliate, stimulate!! |
{{tag> | {{tag> | ||
+ | < | ||
===== Notes and comments ===== | ===== Notes and comments ===== | ||
Add this to heading after the PDF is completed: | Add this to heading after the PDF is completed: | ||
< | < | ||
- | <a href="http:// | + | <a href="https:// |
</ | </ | ||
- | ===== References ===== | + | ===== References =====</ |