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home:special:kidneys_at_work [10.19.2018] – [References] sallieqhome:special:kidneys_at_work [09.14.2022] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
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 Episode 1: Overview Episode 1: Overview
  
-The chemistry of the blood must be carefully controlled. Major players in this control are the kidneys which remove unwanted and harmful metabolites and foreign molecules from the blood and regulate the concentrations of the blood's electrolytes. Kidney: [[http://www.urology-textbook.com/anatomy.html|Anatomy]], [[http://www.urology-textbook.com/index-urology-r.html|Renal Artery, Vein and Nerves]] –  To effect this function kidneys receive about 20% of the blood flow. They filter about 10% of this with each passage at a normal rate of about 120ml/minute. Filtration is effected by nephrons of which there may be about 1 million, per kidney at birth, though the number can vary more than tenfold. The filtration is dependent on the number of functional nephrons and declines as they are lost to damage and disease. Nephrons contain a glomerulus where filtration occurs with the filtrate fed into a tubular structure were re-absorption occurs (including 99% of the sodium and water) before the urine is passed into a collecting duct. The collecting ducts join together to ultimately form the ureter which passes the urine down to the bladder. Kidney: Histology of the  [[http://www.urology-textbook.com/kidney-nephron.html|Nephron and Glomerulus]]+The chemistry of the blood must be carefully controlled. Major players in this control are the kidneys which remove unwanted and harmful metabolites and foreign molecules from the blood and regulate the concentrations of the blood's electrolytes. Kidney: [[https://www.urology-textbook.com/anatomy.html|Anatomy]], [[https://www.urology-textbook.com/index-urology-r.html|Renal Artery, Vein and Nerves]] –  To effect this function kidneys receive about 20% of the blood flow. They filter about 10% of this with each passage at a normal rate of about 120ml/minute. Filtration is effected by nephrons of which there may be about 1 million, per kidney at birth, though the number can vary more than tenfold. The filtration is dependent on the number of functional nephrons and declines as they are lost to damage and disease. Nephrons contain a glomerulus where filtration occurs with the filtrate fed into a tubular structure were re-absorption occurs (including 99% of the sodium and water) before the urine is passed into a collecting duct. The collecting ducts join together to ultimately form the ureter which passes the urine down to the bladder. Kidney: Histology of the  [[https://www.urology-textbook.com/kidney-nephron.html|Nephron and Glomerulus]]
  
  
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-The nephron consists of a capsule enclosing the glomerulus and feeding the filtrate into the tubular structure. Kidney: Histology of Renal Tubules – http://www.urology-textbook.com   The tubular structure contains four segments, each of which may be considered to have sub-segments.  In order from the capsule the four segments are:+The nephron consists of a capsule enclosing the glomerulus and feeding the filtrate into the tubular structure. Kidney: Histology of Renal Tubules – https://www.urology-textbook.com   The tubular structure contains four segments, each of which may be considered to have sub-segments.  In order from the capsule the four segments are:
  
  
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-Importantly, the convolutions of the Distal Convoluted Tubule take it past the entrance to the capsule where it contacts the juxtaglomerular apparatus which regulates the function of the nephron by action on the afferent and efferent arterioles. With the aid of the juxtaglomerular apparatus, each individual nephron has the possibility to change the filtration performance in the glomerulus, depending on the urine analysis in its distal tubule. The tubule then continues into the collecting duct which joins with ducts from other tubules to ultimately form the ureter to carry urine to the bladder.  Kidney: Physiology of the Glomerular Filtration Rate – http://www.urology-textbook.com +Importantly, the convolutions of the Distal Convoluted Tubule take it past the entrance to the capsule where it contacts the juxtaglomerular apparatus which regulates the function of the nephron by action on the afferent and efferent arterioles. With the aid of the juxtaglomerular apparatus, each individual nephron has the possibility to change the filtration performance in the glomerulus, depending on the urine analysis in its distal tubule. The tubule then continues into the collecting duct which joins with ducts from other tubules to ultimately form the ureter to carry urine to the bladder.  Kidney: Physiology of the Glomerular Filtration Rate – https://www.urology-textbook.com 
  
 There is a connecting tubule (CNT) which joins the distal convoluted tubule into a collecting duct. There is a connecting tubule (CNT) which joins the distal convoluted tubule into a collecting duct.
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-The following is largely abstracted from this [[http://www.urology-textbook.com/kidney-tubular-reabsorption.html|Urology-textbook]]+The following is largely abstracted from this [[https://www.urology-textbook.com/kidney-tubular-reabsorption.html|Urology-textbook]]
  
  
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-The following is largely abstracted from further down the page in this [[http://www.urology-textbook.com/kidney-tubular-reabsorption.html|Urology-textbook]]+The following is largely abstracted from further down the page in this [[https://www.urology-textbook.com/kidney-tubular-reabsorption.html|Urology-textbook]]
  
  
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 {{tag>kidneys}} {{tag>kidneys}}
  
 +<nodisp>
 ===== Notes and comments ===== ===== Notes and comments =====
  
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 ===== References ===== ===== References =====
 +</nodisp>
  
home/special/kidneys_at_work.txt · Last modified: 09.14.2022 by 127.0.0.1
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