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home:symptoms:eyes [10.25.2018] – [Weaning from corticosteroids] sallieqhome:symptoms:eyes [09.14.2022] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
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   * **dry eye** – Many people with “dry eye” find that their eyes water but still feel dry.  This occurs because the eye has two different tear ducts. Unfortunately, the ducts that produce tears necessary to maintain normal moisture in the eyes are often blocked or reduced by inflammation. Although the tears produced by the eye’s other ducts attempt to make up for loss of moisture, they do not have the same lubricating properties and simply cause the eye to water.   * **dry eye** – Many people with “dry eye” find that their eyes water but still feel dry.  This occurs because the eye has two different tear ducts. Unfortunately, the ducts that produce tears necessary to maintain normal moisture in the eyes are often blocked or reduced by inflammation. Although the tears produced by the eye’s other ducts attempt to make up for loss of moisture, they do not have the same lubricating properties and simply cause the eye to water.
   * **floaters** –  Deposits of various size, shape, consistency, refractive index, and motility within the eye's vitreous humour, which is normally transparent.  There is no physical possibility that floaters are microbes.   * **floaters** –  Deposits of various size, shape, consistency, refractive index, and motility within the eye's vitreous humour, which is normally transparent.  There is no physical possibility that floaters are microbes.
-  * **ocular migraine** – During migraine processes, changes also may take place in blood flow to the area of the brain responsible for vision (visual cortex or occipital lobe). Resulting [[http://www.allaboutvision.com/conditions/ocular-migraine.htm|ophthalmic or ocular migraines]] commonly can produce visual symptoms even without a headache. Ocular migraines generally are considered harmless. They are typically painless, cause no permanent visual or brain damage, and usually do not require treatment. Nevertheless, patients should always consult their eye doctor when they have unusual vision symptoms, because it's possible that you have another condition requiring treatment, such as a [[http://www.allaboutvision.com/conditions/retinadetach.htm|retinal detachment]], which should be checked out immediately. +  * **ocular migraine** – During migraine processes, changes also may take place in blood flow to the area of the brain responsible for vision (visual cortex or occipital lobe). Resulting [[https://www.allaboutvision.com/conditions/ocular-migraine.htm|ophthalmic or ocular migraines]] commonly can produce visual symptoms even without a headache. Ocular migraines generally are considered harmless. They are typically painless, cause no permanent visual or brain damage, and usually do not require treatment. Nevertheless, patients should always consult their eye doctor when they have unusual vision symptoms, because it's possible that you have another condition requiring treatment, such as a [[https://www.allaboutvision.com/conditions/retinadetach.htm|retinal detachment]], which should be checked out immediately. 
-  * **photopsia** – [[http://www.retinalphysician.com/article.aspx?article=101095|Photopsia]] is an affection of the eye, in which the patient perceives luminous rays, flashes, coruscations, etc. Photopsia can be due to inflammation irritating the outer retina or photoreceptors. These perceive only light, so any stimulation will be perceived as light. But there are other, more serious causes including: retinal detachment, TIA, posterior vitreous detachment, and even migraines (with or without headache). +  * **photopsia** – [[https://www.retinalphysician.com/article.aspx?article=101095|Photopsia]] is an affection of the eye, in which the patient perceives luminous rays, flashes, coruscations, etc. Photopsia can be due to inflammation irritating the outer retina or photoreceptors. These perceive only light, so any stimulation will be perceived as light. But there are other, more serious causes including: retinal detachment, TIA, posterior vitreous detachment, and even migraines (with or without headache). 
-  * **vasculitis (visibly red conjunctiva)** – Normally the [[http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/conjunctiva|conjunctiva]] is clear white. Visibly red veins of the eye is a sign of vasculitis (inflammation of the veins) and is common in chronic disease. Because it is in the eye, it is very obvious and disconcerting. But it is also common in the skin, small varicose veins, easy bruising; in the gut, microscopic blood loss and in hidden areas. Because immunopathology entails the release of cytokines and apoptosis (cell death) of infected cells caused by innate immune activation, this does occur prior to treatment as the bacteria as part of their life cycle will manifest in more typical forms causing immune identification and response. +  * **vasculitis (visibly red conjunctiva)** – Normally the [[https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/conjunctiva|conjunctiva]] is clear white. Visibly red veins of the eye is a sign of vasculitis (inflammation of the veins) and is common in chronic disease. Because it is in the eye, it is very obvious and disconcerting. But it is also common in the skin, small varicose veins, easy bruising; in the gut, microscopic blood loss and in hidden areas. Because immunopathology entails the release of cytokines and apoptosis (cell death) of infected cells caused by innate immune activation, this does occur prior to treatment as the bacteria as part of their life cycle will manifest in more typical forms causing immune identification and response. 
  
  
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 The MP is designed so that patients can minimize the chance of eye damage due to increased inflammation by maintaining a tight olmesartan blockade. Altering the dose and scheduling of antibiotics will manage the severity of the immunopathology by slowing the rate at which bacteria are destroyed and thus reduce the chance of eye inflammation. In addition, a variety of eye medications and drops are available to treat eye inflammation and dry eye. The MP is designed so that patients can minimize the chance of eye damage due to increased inflammation by maintaining a tight olmesartan blockade. Altering the dose and scheduling of antibiotics will manage the severity of the immunopathology by slowing the rate at which bacteria are destroyed and thus reduce the chance of eye inflammation. In addition, a variety of eye medications and drops are available to treat eye inflammation and dry eye.
 +
  
   * **Optive** – Non-prescription eye lubricant, which is a safer option than Restasis.   * **Optive** – Non-prescription eye lubricant, which is a safer option than Restasis.
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   * **prednisolone (Prednisone, Pred Mild, Pred Forte)** – A corticosteroid. Generally contraindicated for MP patients. More immunosuppressive than cyclosporine.   * **prednisolone (Prednisone, Pred Mild, Pred Forte)** – A corticosteroid. Generally contraindicated for MP patients. More immunosuppressive than cyclosporine.
   * **terramycin** – An antibacterial eye ointment.   * **terramycin** – An antibacterial eye ointment.
 +  * **Ganfort** – Prescription eye drops which lower the pressure in the eye by decreasing the fluid produced and helping the flow of fluid out of the eye chamber. Although GANFORT® PF 0.3/5 eye drops help control your condition, it does not cure it. 
   * **[[home:othertreatments:chemotherapy#methotrexate|Methotrexate]]** – Contraindicated.   * **[[home:othertreatments:chemotherapy#methotrexate|Methotrexate]]** – Contraindicated.
  
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 Patients should work with their doctor or ophthalmologist to limit their use of substances which affect the proper functioning of the immune system. Patients' doctors who believe they need immunosuppressant eye drops to temorarily control inflammation may use the drugs while on the MP.  Patients should work with their doctor or ophthalmologist to limit their use of substances which affect the proper functioning of the immune system. Patients' doctors who believe they need immunosuppressant eye drops to temorarily control inflammation may use the drugs while on the MP. 
  
-Be advised that use of steroids delays resolution of original disease symptoms while on the MP, and can have serious side effects. These side effects include glaucoma,(({{pubmed>long:5953285}})) cataracts,(({{pubmed>long:16905028}})) ocular hypertension,(({{pubmed>long: 1559550}})) [[home:othertreatments:corticosteroids#side_effects_of_corticosteroid_therapy|various other side effects]], (({{pubmed>long:11820911}})) as well as increase in ocular pressure.+Be advised that use of steroids delays resolution of original disease symptoms while on the MP, and can have serious side effects. These side effects include glaucoma,(({{pmid>long:5953285}})) cataracts,(({{pmid>long:16905028}})) ocular hypertension,(({{pmid>long: 1559550}})) [[home:othertreatments:corticosteroids#side_effects_of_corticosteroid_therapy|various other side effects]], (({{pmid>long:11820911}})) as well as increase in ocular pressure.
  
 <blockquote> <blockquote>
 Although newer corticosteroids with lesser pressure elevating characteristics have been developed, corticosteroid-induced ocular hypertension and glaucoma continue to be significant risks of local and systemic administration. Although newer corticosteroids with lesser pressure elevating characteristics have been developed, corticosteroid-induced ocular hypertension and glaucoma continue to be significant risks of local and systemic administration.
  
-//**McGhee** et al.//(({{pubmed>long:11820911}})) </blockquote>+//**McGhee** et al.//(({{pmid>long:11820911}})) </blockquote>
  
 When possible, physicians should try weaning their patients from immunosuppressive eye drops. Try going down one drop a day, and then dropping down one drop every other day. Patients are more likely to be successful weaning from prednisone when they wean very slowly. When possible, physicians should try weaning their patients from immunosuppressive eye drops. Try going down one drop a day, and then dropping down one drop every other day. Patients are more likely to be successful weaning from prednisone when they wean very slowly.
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 ==== TNF-alpha inhibitors ==== ==== TNF-alpha inhibitors ====
  
-Tumor necrosis factor-alpha or TNF-alpha is a cytokine critical for effective immune surveillance.(({{pubmed>long:16331857}})) TNF-alpha inhibitors, also known as TNF blockers, anti-TNF drugs or TNF-alpha antagonists, are drugs which interfere with the body's production of TNF-alpha.(({{pubmed>long: 18387510}})) Anti-TNF drugs are expensive, ineffective at treating chronic disease and have a number of adverse effects such as increase risk of serious infection such as mycobacterial infection.(({{pubmed>long:16705109}})) (({{pubmed>long:12614731}}))+Tumor necrosis factor-alpha or TNF-alpha is a cytokine critical for effective immune surveillance.(({{pmid>long:16331857}})) TNF-alpha inhibitors, also known as TNF blockers, anti-TNF drugs or TNF-alpha antagonists, are drugs which interfere with the body's production of TNF-alpha.(({{pmid>long: 18387510}})) Anti-TNF drugs are expensive, ineffective at treating chronic disease and have a number of adverse effects such as increase risk of serious infection such as mycobacterial infection.(({{pmid>long:16705109}})) (({{pmid>long:12614731}}))
  
  
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 ==== Punctal plugs ==== ==== Punctal plugs ====
  
-A [[http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Punctal+plugs|punctal plug]] is a small medical device that is inserted into the tear duct (puncta) of an eye to block the duct. Patients should always make sure their hands are clean when touching their eyes. +A [[https://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Punctal+plugs|punctal plug]] is a small medical device that is inserted into the tear duct (puncta) of an eye to block the duct. Patients should always make sure their hands are clean when touching their eyes. 
  
  
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 +<nodisp>
 ===== Notes and comments ===== ===== Notes and comments =====
  
-===== References =====+===== References =====</nodisp> 
home/symptoms/eyes.txt · Last modified: 09.14.2022 by 127.0.0.1
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