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--- home:symptoms:skin [01.03.2012] – external edit 127.0.0.1
+++ home:symptoms:skin [08.30.2012] – [Skin microbiome] paulalbert
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 ===== Skin microbiome =====
-<blockquote>Title:Chemical ecology of interactions between human skin microbiota and mosquitoes(({{pubmed>long:20840217}}))
-Authors:
-Verhulst, NO; Takken, W; Dicke, M; Schraa, G; Smallegange, RC
-Author Full Names:
-Verhulst, Niels O.; Takken, Willem; Dicke, Marcel; Schraa, Gosse; Smallegange, Renate C.
-Source:
-FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY 74 (1): 1-9 OCT 2010
-Language:
-English
-Document Type:
-Review
-Author Keywords:
-skin microbiota; disease vectors; HLA; volatiles; odours; Anopheles gambiae
-KeyWords Plus:
-HUMAN AXILLARY ODOR; COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE; HUMAN-BODY ODOR; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY/MASS SPECTROMETRY; MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; AEDES-AEGYPTI; MATING PREFERENCES; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; PATTERN-RECOGNITION; MALARIA MOSQUITOS
-Abstract:
-Microbiota on the human skin plays a major role in body odour production. The human microbial and chemical signature displays a qualitative and quantitative correlation. Genes may influence the chemical signature by shaping the composition of the microbiota. Recent studies on human skin microbiota, using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, found a high inter- and intrapersonal variation in bacterial species on the human skin, which is relatively stable over time. Human body odours mediate the attraction of mosquitoes to their blood hosts. Odours produced by skin microbiota are attractive to mosquitoes as shown by in vitro studies, and variation in bacterial species on the human skin may explain the variation in mosquito attraction between humans. Detailed knowledge of the ecology and genetics of human skin microbiota is needed in order to unravel the evolutionary mechanisms that underlie the interactions between mosquitoes and their hosts.
-</blockquote>
-<blockquote>Genome Res. 2008 Jul;18(7):1043-50. Epub 2008 May 23.
-A diversity profile of the human skin microbiota.
-Grice EA, Kong HH, Renaud G, Young AC; NISC Comparative Sequencing Program, Bouffard GG, Blakesley RW, Wolfsberg TG, Turner ML, Segre JA.
-Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
-Abstract
-The many layers and structures of the skin serve as elaborate hosts to microbes, including a diversity of commensal and pathogenic bacteria that contribute to both human health and disease. To determine the complexity and identity of the microbes inhabiting the skin, we sequenced bacterial 16S small-subunit ribosomal RNA genes isolated from the inner elbow of five healthy human subjects. This analysis revealed 113 operational taxonomic units (OTUs; "phylotypes") at the level of 97% similarity that belong to six bacterial divisions. To survey all depths of the skin, we sampled using three methods: swab, scrape, and punch biopsy. Proteobacteria dominated the skin microbiota at all depths of sampling. Interpersonal variation is approximately equal to intrapersonal variation when considering bacterial community membership and structure. Finally, we report strong similarities in the complexity and identity of mouse and human skin microbiota. This study of healthy human skin microbiota will serve to direct future research addressing the role of skin microbiota in health and disease, and metagenomic projects addressing the complex physiological interactions between the skin and the microbes that inhabit this environment.
-PMID: 18502944
-Many lines of evidence suggest a role for microorganisms even in noninfectious skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis (AD; eczema), rosacea, psoriasis, and acne (Holland et al. 1977; Thomsen et al. 1980;Till et al. 2000; Paulino et al. 2006).</blockquote>
+A decade ago, Chiller //et al.// concluded, “The skin is a poor media for bacteria given the large number of inherent defense mechanisms.”(({{pubmed>long:11924823}})) This assessment was undermined seven years later by Fierer //et al//.’s work, which found that the average human palm harbors at least 150 bacterial species – an order of magnitude greater than previous estimates.(({{pubmed>long:19004758}})) A 2009 //Science// study expanded on this understanding of microbial diversity in skin, showing that forearms and underarms, though located just a short distance apart, are as “ecologically dissimilar as rainforests are to deserts.”(({{pubmed>long:19478181}})) Trillions of bacteria, fungi, viruses, archaea, and small arthropods colonize the skin surface, collectively comprising the skin microbiome.(({{pubmed>long:22189793}})) One prominent researcher [[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/6333137.stm|called]] human skin a "virtual zoo of bacteria."(({{pubmed>long:17293459}}))
+Novel insights are being revealed about the extent to which skin microbiota affects health. For example, odors produced by skin microbiota are attractive to mosquitoes as shown by //in vitro// studies, and variation in bacterial species on the human skin may explain the variation in mosquito attraction between humans.(({{pubmed>long:20840217}}))
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 Patients experiences
+===== Atopic dermatitis =====
+<blockquote>
+.
+Differential mRNA expression of antimicrobial peptides and proteins in atopic dermatitis as compared to psoriasis vulgaris and healthy skin.
+Gambichler T, Skrygan M, Tomi NS, Othlinghaus N, Brockmeyer NH, Altmeyer P, Kreuter A.
+Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2008;147(1):17-24. Epub 2008 Apr 30.
+PMID: 18446049 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
+Related citations Remove from clipboard
+The role of antimicrobial peptides in human skin and in skin infectious diseases.
+Schittek B, Paulmann M, Senyürek I, Steffen H.
+Infect Disord Drug Targets. 2008 Sep;8(3):135-43. Review.
+PMID: 18782030 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
+</blockquote>

home/symptoms/skin.txt · Last modified: 09.14.2022 by 127.0.0.1