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--- home:symptoms:skin [08.29.2012] – [Skin microbiome] paulalbert
+++ home:symptoms:skin [08.30.2012] – [Skin microbiome] paulalbert
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 ===== Skin microbiome =====
-<blockquote>Title:Chemical ecology of interactions between human skin microbiota and mosquitoes(({{pubmed>long:20840217}}))
-Authors:
+A decade ago, Chiller //et al.// concluded, “The skin is a poor media for bacteria given the large number of inherent defense mechanisms.”(({{pubmed>long:11924823}})) This assessment was undermined seven years later by Fierer //et al//.’s work, which found that the average human palm harbors at least 150 bacterial species – an order of magnitude greater than previous estimates.(({{pubmed>long:19004758}})) A 2009 //Science// study expanded on this understanding of microbial diversity in skin, showing that forearms and underarms, though located just a short distance apart, are as “ecologically dissimilar as rainforests are to deserts.”(({{pubmed>long:19478181}})) Trillions of bacteria, fungi, viruses, archaea, and small arthropods colonize the skin surface, collectively comprising the skin microbiome.(({{pubmed>long:22189793}})) One prominent researcher [[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/6333137.stm|called]] human skin a "virtual zoo of bacteria."(({{pubmed>long:17293459}}))
-Verhulst, NO; Takken, W; Dicke, M; Schraa, G; Smallegange, RC
-Author Full Names:
+Novel insights are being revealed about the extent to which skin microbiota affects health. For example, odors produced by skin microbiota are attractive to mosquitoes as shown by //in vitro// studies, and variation in bacterial species on the human skin may explain the variation in mosquito attraction between humans.(({{pubmed>long:20840217}}))
-Verhulst, Niels O.; Takken, Willem; Dicke, Marcel; Schraa, Gosse; Smallegange, Renate C.
-Source:
-FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY 74 (1): 1-9 OCT 2010
-Language:
-English
-Document Type:
-Review
-Author Keywords:
-skin microbiota; disease vectors; HLA; volatiles; odours; Anopheles gambiae
-KeyWords Plus:
-HUMAN AXILLARY ODOR; COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE; HUMAN-BODY ODOR; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY/MASS SPECTROMETRY; MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; AEDES-AEGYPTI; MATING PREFERENCES; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; PATTERN-RECOGNITION; MALARIA MOSQUITOS
-Abstract:
-Microbiota on the human skin plays a major role in body odour production. The human microbial and chemical signature displays a qualitative and quantitative correlation. Genes may influence the chemical signature by shaping the composition of the microbiota. Recent studies on human skin microbiota, using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, found a high inter- and intrapersonal variation in bacterial species on the human skin, which is relatively stable over time. Human body odours mediate the attraction of mosquitoes to their blood hosts. Odours produced by skin microbiota are attractive to mosquitoes as shown by in vitro studies, and variation in bacterial species on the human skin may explain the variation in mosquito attraction between humans. Detailed knowledge of the ecology and genetics of human skin microbiota is needed in order to unravel the evolutionary mechanisms that underlie the interactions between mosquitoes and their hosts.
-</blockquote>
-<blockquote>Genome Res. 2008 Jul;18(7):1043-50. Epub 2008 May 23.
-A diversity profile of the human skin microbiota.
-Grice EA, Kong HH, Renaud G, Young AC; NISC Comparative Sequencing Program, Bouffard GG, Blakesley RW, Wolfsberg TG, Turner ML, Segre JA.
-Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
-Abstract
-The many layers and structures of the skin serve as elaborate hosts to microbes, including a diversity of commensal and pathogenic bacteria that contribute to both human health and disease. To determine the complexity and identity of the microbes inhabiting the skin, we sequenced bacterial 16S small-subunit ribosomal RNA genes isolated from the inner elbow of five healthy human subjects. This analysis revealed 113 operational taxonomic units (OTUs; "phylotypes") at the level of 97% similarity that belong to six bacterial divisions. To survey all depths of the skin, we sampled using three methods: swab, scrape, and punch biopsy. Proteobacteria dominated the skin microbiota at all depths of sampling. Interpersonal variation is approximately equal to intrapersonal variation when considering bacterial community membership and structure. Finally, we report strong similarities in the complexity and identity of mouse and human skin microbiota. This study of healthy human skin microbiota will serve to direct future research addressing the role of skin microbiota in health and disease, and metagenomic projects addressing the complex physiological interactions between the skin and the microbes that inhabit this environment.
-PMID: 18502944
-Many lines of evidence suggest a role for microorganisms even in noninfectious skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis (AD; eczema), rosacea, psoriasis, and acne (Holland et al. 1977; Thomsen et al. 1980;Till et al. 2000; Paulino et al. 2006).</blockquote>
-<blockquote>
-Title:
-Skin Microbiome: Looking Back to Move Forward
-Authors:
-Kong, HH; Segre, JA
-Author Full Names:
-Kong, Heidi H.; Segre, Julia A.
-Source:
-JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY, 132 (3):933-939; Part 2 10.1038/jid.2011.417 MAR 2012
-Language:
-English
-Document Type:
-Review
-KeyWords Plus:
-STAPHYLOCOCCUS-EPIDERMIDIS; BACTERIAL BIOTA; BODY HABITATS; DIVERSITY; INFECTIONS; DEFENSE; DISEASE; PROJECT; LESIONS; FOOT
-Abstract:
-Trillions of bacteria, fungi, viruses, archaea, and small arthropods colonize the skin surface, collectively comprising the skin microbiome. Generations of researchers have classified these microbes as transient versus resident, beneficial versus pathogenic, and collaborators versus adversaries. Culturing and direct sequencing of microbial inhabitants identified distinct populations present at skin surface sites. Herein, we explore the history of this field, describe findings from the current molecular sequencing era, and consider the future of investigating how microbes and antimicrobial therapy contribute to human health.
-</blockquote>
 ===== Types =====
   * psoriasis

home/symptoms/skin.txt · Last modified: 09.14.2022 by 127.0.0.1