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+ | ~~NOEXPLAIN~~ | ||
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+ | ====== Th1 Spectrum Disorder (copy of unedited pathogenesis/ | ||
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+ | Th1 Spectrum Disorder refers to the group of chronic inflammatory diseases, which are hypothesized to be caused by the Th1 pathogens, a microbiota of bacteria which include L-form, biofilm, and intracellular bacterial forms. Although the exact species and forms of bacteria, as well as the location and extent of the infection, vary between one patient suffering from chronic disease and the next, the disease process is common: bacterial pathogens persist and reproduce by disabling the innate immune response. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Although patients who become infected with the Th1 pathogens are given a variety of diagnoses, there are often no clear cut distinctions between one disease and the next. Rather, symptoms frequently overlap creating a spectrum of illness in which diseases are more connected to one another than mutually exclusive disease states. | ||
+ | |||
+ | The evidence that chronic disease is ultimately a spectrum disorder caused by a common infectious cause includes: | ||
+ | * comorbidity of inflammatory diseases overlap observed between patients suffering distinctly defined diseases | ||
+ | * the infrequency with which patients suffer from just a single disease or condition | ||
+ | * failure of diagnostic compartmentalization: | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Conflict in theories ===== | ||
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+ | |||
+ | Traditionally, | ||
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+ | According to the Marshall Pathogenesis, | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Comorbidity of inflammatory diseases ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
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+ | //**A. Gonzalez** et al.// | ||
+ | </ | ||
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+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | When the Th1 pathogens compromise the immune response, they make it easier for other types of bacteria in other locations to infect the body as well. This phenomenon is known as comorbidity. Although a comorbid condition is [[https:// | ||
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+ | Epidemiological research may have its share of liabilities, | ||
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+ | The following wheel shows how truly related chronic diseases are. Each " | ||
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+ | var wheel = new MooWheel(data, | ||
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+ | </ | ||
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+ | The following paragraph contains links to all the studies alluded to in the above chart. Please note that some of the disease names are links to articles discussing those diseases in further detail. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [[home: | ||
+ | [[home: | ||
+ | [[home: | ||
+ | [[home: | ||
+ | [[home: | ||
+ | anxiety disorders (({{pmid> | ||
+ | arthritis (({{pmid> | ||
+ | [[home: | ||
+ | [[home: | ||
+ | [[home: | ||
+ | [[home: | ||
+ | cardiovascular disease (({{pmid> | ||
+ | [[home: | ||
+ | [[home: | ||
+ | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (({{pmid> | ||
+ | [[home: | ||
+ | [[home: | ||
+ | diabetes, type1 (({{pmid> | ||
+ | diabetes, type2 (({{pmid> | ||
+ | [[home: | ||
+ | Guillain-Barré syndrome (({{pmid> | ||
+ | hypertension (({{pmid> | ||
+ | inflammatory bowel disease ([[home: | ||
+ | [[home: | ||
+ | [[home: | ||
+ | [[home: | ||
+ | myasthenia gravis (({{pmid> | ||
+ | [[home: | ||
+ | [[home: | ||
+ | [[home: | ||
+ | [[home: | ||
+ | [[home: | ||
+ | [[home: | ||
+ | [[home: | ||
+ | [[home: | ||
+ | [[home: | ||
+ | [[home: | ||
+ | [[home: | ||
+ | Sjogren' | ||
+ | thyroiditis ([[home: | ||
+ | [[home: | ||
+ | vitiligo (({{pmid> | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Multimorbidity ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | [{{ : | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | According to a 2012 //JAMA// paper, the most common chronic condition experienced by adults is multimorbidity, | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | To control for confounding variables, researchers often exclude patients with more than one condition from research studies even though they represent the majority of patients.(({{pmid> | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | A recent survey of Marshall Protocol patients, discussed in [[home: | ||
+ | ===== The challenge of diagnosing diseases caused by bacteria ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Many doctors are reluctant to say that chronic diseases are caused by bacterial pathogens and for a couple reasons. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ==== No consistent symptom presentation ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Medicine has difficulty diagnosing disorders where there is no consistently identified anatomic abnormality or documented metabolic/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Diagnoses are driven by perceived therapeutic options ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | What a clinician thinks causes many of the ill-defined chronic diseases may in fact be shaped by available treatment options for that disease. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Consider dentists. Most dentists will readily concede that bacteria cause plaque and tooth decay. The fact that a dentist can employ a therapy against plaque (in this case, manually removing plaque) clearly shapes their opinion about the etiology of the disease. That the intervention is at least temporarily effective also has something to do with it, but perhaps not as much as most people might imagine. | ||
+ | |||
+ | When it comes to lethargy or exercise intolerance or difficulty breathing or any number of other symptoms of disease, the explanation for the disease' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== False assurance of diagnostic compartmentalization ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Another challenge relates to how diseases are segmented into categories even when the nature of the diseases themselves don't warrant such fine-graded distinctions. | ||
+ | |||
+ | One who pores through the articles of a medical textbook could easily form the impression that diseases are discrete, well-defined and mutually exclusive. The reality is that the nature of illness is such that diagnosis is often inexact. Over the past few decades, the [[https:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | To resolve this ambiguity, epidemiologists have developed a kind of stop-gap measure: rubrics - many of them " | ||
+ | |||
+ | Patients presenting with prototypical cases of a given disease tend to be the exception rather than the rule. They may have some of the classical symptoms of a given disease but not others. Also, patients may have symptoms that are unique to a different disease. Patients with symptoms of chronic disease could present five different doctors with the same set of symptoms and get five different diagnoses, and many have! | ||
+ | === Excessive testing === | ||
+ | |||
+ | In the face of uncertainty and ambiguity, a clinician' | ||
+ | |||
+ | In his paper, "Our stubborn quest for diagnostic certainty: a cause of excessive testing," | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | Absolute certainty in diagnosis is unattainable, | ||
+ | |||
+ | //**Jerome Kassirer, MD**// (({{pmid> | ||
+ | |||
+ | In practice, as one approaches diagnostic certainty the useful information returned by diagnostic tests and observations approaches zero.(({{pmid> | ||
+ | |||
+ | A [[https:// | ||
+ | ===== A single diagnosis for chronic inflammatory disease ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Given that all of the so-called autoimmune diseases and chronic infections are a variation of the Th1 inflammatory process, neither a specific diagnostic label or identification of specific pathogens is needed to begin the [[home: | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | Where the MP is unique is that I set out to kill pathogens which have never been fully identified, whose exact nature is still largely unknown. I did this based on an understanding of the pathogens' | ||
+ | |||
+ | //**Trevor Marshall, PhD**// </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | A corollary of this principle is that attempts to compare one patient' | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Health and disease is a continuum ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{section>: | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | {{tag> | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | ===== Notes and comments ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Should this article be chronic inflammatory spectrum disorder? | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Studies to add: | ||
+ | * insomnia and cardiac disease: https:// | ||
+ | * [[https:// | ||
+ | * | ||
+ | * | ||
+ | * Where should this go? https:// | ||
+ | * Diseases to add: autism... | ||
+ | * Legacy content | ||
+ | * e77 | ||
+ | * e114 | ||
+ | * e242 | ||
+ | * e84 | ||
+ | * f183 | ||
+ | * e82 | ||
+ | * e87 | ||
+ | * e241 | ||
+ | * s342 | ||
+ | * s184 | ||
+ | * s262 | ||
+ | * s264 | ||
+ | * s296 | ||
+ | * s297 | ||
+ | * s298 | ||
+ | * f191 | ||
+ | * s87 | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | * [[https:// | ||
+ | * [[https:// | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | |||
+ | https:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | "There is a large clinical relevance to the finding hypertension could be linked to the severity of bipolar disorders," | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | Psoriasis and the risk of diabetes and hypertension: | ||
+ | |||
+ | Qureshi AA, Choi HK, Setty AR, Curhan GC. | ||
+ | Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women' | ||
+ | Comment in: | ||
+ | Arch Dermatol. 2009 Apr; | ||
+ | Abstract | ||
+ | OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the independent association between psoriasis and risk of diabetes and hypertension. | ||
+ | DESIGN: A prospective study of female nurses who were followed up from 1991 to 2005. | ||
+ | SETTING: Nurses' | ||
+ | PARTICIPANTS: | ||
+ | RESULTS: Of the 78 061 women, 1813 (2.3%) reported a diagnosis of psoriasis. During the 14 years of follow-up, a total of 1560 incident cases (2%) of diabetes and 15 724 incident cases (20%) of hypertension were documented. The multivariate-adjusted relative risk of diabetes in women with psoriasis compared with women without psoriasis was 1.63 (95% confidence interval, 1.25-2.12). Women with psoriasis were also at an increased risk for the development of hypertension (multivariate relative risk, 1.17; 95% confidence interval, 1.06-1.30). Age, body mass index, and smoking status did not significantly modify the association between psoriasis and risk of diabetes or hypertension (P values for interaction, | ||
+ | CONCLUSIONS: | ||
+ | PMID: 19380659</ | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | https:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | Lancet Neurol. 2009 Nov; | ||
+ | Antiphospholipid antibodies and risk of myocardial infarction and ischaemic stroke in young women in the RATIO study: a case-control study. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Urbanus RT, Siegerink B, Roest M, Rosendaal FR, de Groot PG, Algra A. | ||
+ | Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, | ||
+ | Comment in: | ||
+ | Womens Health (Lond Engl). 2010 Mar; | ||
+ | Lancet Neurol. 2009 Nov; | ||
+ | Abstract | ||
+ | BACKGROUND: Arterial thrombosis is a major clinical manifestation of the antiphospholipid syndrome, which is an autoimmune disease found mostly in young women. Although the presence of circulating antiphospholipid antibodies in individuals who have a thrombotic event is a prerequisite for the diagnosis of the antiphospholipid syndrome, the risk of arterial thrombosis associated with antiphospholipid antibodies in the general population is unclear. | ||
+ | METHODS: In RATIO (Risk of Arterial Thrombosis In relation to Oral contraceptives), | ||
+ | FINDINGS: 175 patients with ischaemic stroke, 203 patients with myocardial infarction, and 628 healthy controls were included. Patients were frequency matched with controls for age, residence area, and index year. Lupus anticoagulant was found in 30 (17%) patients with ischaemic stroke, six (3%) patients with myocardial infarction, and four (0.7%) in the control group. The odds ratio for myocardial infarction was 5.3 (95% CI 1.4-20.8), which increased to 21.6 (1.9-242.0) in women who used oral contraceptives and 33.7 (6.0-189.0) in those who smoked. The odds ratio for ischaemic stroke was 43.1 (12.2-152.0), | ||
+ | INTERPRETATION: | ||
+ | FUNDING: Netherlands Heart Foundation and Leducq Foundation. | ||
+ | PMID: 19783216</ | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | Concise summaries of recent journal articles chosen for clinical significance | ||
+ | June 21, 2008 | ||
+ | Sundquist K, Li X, Hemminki K, Sundquist J, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden, and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg. Subsequent risk of hospitalization for neuropsychiatric disorders in patients with rheumatic diseases: a nationwide study from Sweden.Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2008; | ||
+ | Neuropsychiatric disorders are more likely to develop in patients with a rheumatologic disease—rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), or ankylosing spondylitis (AS)—than in the general population. Some subgroups with rheumatologic disease seem to be more vulnerable than others. | ||
+ | Sundquist and associates conducted a cohort study of hospitalizations in Sweden for RA, SLE, and AS and for subsequent affective, psychotic, neurotic, and personality disorders, as well as for dementia and delirium, for the entire Swedish population. Age-standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated for the whole follow-up period. | ||
+ | In most age groups, rates of psychiatric disorders were higher in persons who had rheumatologic diseases than in the general population.The highest risks were found in men and women with SLE (significant SIRs, 2.38 and 2.16, respectively); | ||
+ | The authors noted that their study adds to the literature because it took a novel approach, studying an entire population to examine the association between rheumatologic diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders. | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | --- //Sallie Q 10.25.2016// | ||
+ | |||
+ | === === | ||
+ | |||
+ | guess that adding %%=== ===%% as above will cause that part of Notes and comments below the =//s// to show above References when logged out | ||
+ | ===== References =====</ | ||