You are here: Welcome to the MPKB » Welcome to the MPKB » Diseases » Asthma
Home

Differences

This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.

Link to this comparison view

Both sides previous revisionPrevious revision
Next revision		Previous revision
home:diseases:asthma [10.19.2018] – [Notes and comments] sallieqhome:diseases:asthma [09.14.2022] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
Line 6: Line 6:
  
  
-Papadopoulos //et al.// have written that asthma should be treated as a suboptimal innate immune response.(({{pubmed>long:17188832}})) Consistent with that thinking, the Marshall Protocol (MP) is a treatment for asthma.  While many physicians still consider immunosuppressive medications such as corticosteroids as a first-line treatment for asthma, these drugs interfere with the body's immune response. The Marshall Protocol is designed to stimulate the innate immune response. In the process may cause immunopathology, the bacterial die-off reaction.+Papadopoulos //et al.// have written that asthma should be treated as a suboptimal innate immune response.(({{pmid>long:17188832}})) Consistent with that thinking, the Marshall Protocol (MP) is a treatment for asthma.  While many physicians still consider immunosuppressive medications such as corticosteroids as a first-line treatment for asthma, these drugs interfere with the body's immune response. The Marshall Protocol is designed to stimulate the innate immune response. In the process may cause immunopathology, the bacterial die-off reaction.
  
  
Line 12: Line 12:
 ===== Lung microbiome ===== ===== Lung microbiome =====
  
-Until recently, estimates of the resident microbial flora in the lungs were far too low. A 1998 infectious disease textbook stated that the lungs were sterile.((Noskin, Gary A. 1998. //Management of infectious complication in cancer patients.// Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers.)) However, such conclusions were made on the basis of culture-based tests, which we now know identify a small minority of microbes. Since then, metagenomic analyses have indicated the presence of a persistent lung microbiome, the composition of which differs in health and disease. For example, Erb-Downward found bacterial 16S sequences in the lung tissues of all subjects in a 2011 based study of healthy patients as well as those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).(({{pubmed>long:21364979}}))+Until recently, estimates of the resident microbial flora in the lungs were far too low. A 1998 infectious disease textbook stated that the lungs were sterile.((Noskin, Gary A. 1998. //Management of infectious complication in cancer patients.// Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers.)) However, such conclusions were made on the basis of culture-based tests, which we now know identify a small minority of microbes. Since then, metagenomic analyses have indicated the presence of a persistent lung microbiome, the composition of which differs in health and disease. For example, Erb-Downward found bacterial 16S sequences in the lung tissues of all subjects in a 2011 based study of healthy patients as well as those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).(({{pmid>long:21364979}}))
  
  
Line 24: Line 24:
 People thought that asthma was caused by inhalation of allergens but this study shows that it may be more complicated than that – asthma may involve colonization of the airways by multiple bacteria. People thought that asthma was caused by inhalation of allergens but this study shows that it may be more complicated than that – asthma may involve colonization of the airways by multiple bacteria.
  
-//**Homer Boushey, MD**, [[http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/02/110217151457.htm|UCSF professor of medicine]]//</blockquote>+//**Homer Boushey, MD**, [[https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/02/110217151457.htm|UCSF professor of medicine]]//</blockquote>
  
-[{{ :home:diseases:nihms254341f1.jpeg?400|**16S rRNA bacterial burden in bronchial brushings from asthmatic and healthy subjects.** (Source: [[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3037020/|Huang 2010]])}}]+[{{ :home:diseases:nihms254341f1.jpeg?400|**16S rRNA bacterial burden in bronchial brushings from asthmatic and healthy subjects.** (Source: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3037020/|Huang 2010]])}}]
  
  
-In their three-year pilot project, Huang //et al.// collected samples from the airway linings of 65 adults with mild to moderate asthma and 10 healthy subjects.(({{pubmed>long:21194740}})) Then, using 16S rRNA – a tool that can identify approximately 8,500 distinct groups of bacteria in a single assay – the scientists profiled the organisms present in each sample to look for relationships between bacterial community composition and clinical characteristics of the patients' asthma.+In their three-year pilot project, Huang //et al.// collected samples from the airway linings of 65 adults with mild to moderate asthma and 10 healthy subjects.(({{pmid>long:21194740}})) Then, using 16S rRNA – a tool that can identify approximately 8,500 distinct groups of bacteria in a single assay – the scientists profiled the organisms present in each sample to look for relationships between bacterial community composition and clinical characteristics of the patients' asthma.
  
  
Line 43: Line 43:
  
 There is broad support for the conclusion that early infections, especially acute infections, predispose a person to later onset of chronic diseases such as asthma.   Successive infection is the process by which an infectious cascade of pathogens slow the immune response and allow for subsequent infections (and the diseases which they cause) to proliferate. For example: There is broad support for the conclusion that early infections, especially acute infections, predispose a person to later onset of chronic diseases such as asthma.   Successive infection is the process by which an infectious cascade of pathogens slow the immune response and allow for subsequent infections (and the diseases which they cause) to proliferate. For example:
-  * **rhinoviruses in infancy** – Children who experience repeated rhinovirus-induced wheezing episodes in infancy have a significantly increased risk of developing asthma.(({{pubmed>long:22053589}})) +  * **rhinoviruses in infancy** – Children who experience repeated rhinovirus-induced wheezing episodes in infancy have a significantly increased risk of developing asthma.(({{pmid>long:22053589}})) 
-  * **neonates and common infections** – Neonates colonized in the hypopharyngeal region with //S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae,// or //M. catarrhalis,// or with a combination of these organisms, are at increased risk for recurrent wheeze and asthma early in life.(({{pubmed>long:17928596}})) +  * **neonates and common infections** – Neonates colonized in the hypopharyngeal region with //S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae,// or //M. catarrhalis,// or with a combination of these organisms, are at increased risk for recurrent wheeze and asthma early in life.(({{pmid>long:17928596}})) 
  
  
Line 57: Line 57:
  
  
-Papadopoulos //et al.// have written that asthma should be treated as a suboptimal innate immune response.(({{pubmed>long:17188832}})) Consistent with that thinking, the Marshall Protocol is a treatment for asthma. Other treatments (some of which are contraindicated) include the following.+Papadopoulos //et al.// have written that asthma should be treated as a suboptimal innate immune response.(({{pmid>long:17188832}})) Consistent with that thinking, the Marshall Protocol is a treatment for asthma. Other treatments (some of which are contraindicated) include the following.
  
 ==== Immunosuppressive medications ==== ==== Immunosuppressive medications ====
Line 64: Line 64:
  
  
-  * **corticosteroids** – There are no studies which show that glucocoritcoids (corticosteroids) improve long-term prognosis in the treatment of illness. Van den Bosch and Grutters write(({{pubmed>long:16946094}})), "Remarkably, despite over 50 years of use, there is no proof of long-term (survival) benefit from corticosteroid treatment." For even short periods of time, steroid use can become genuinely addictive. Research shows that any kind of short-term symptomatic improvement from corticosteroid use does not last, and that over the longer term, use of the drugs entales a litany of side effects. For their own safety, patients on the MP must [[home:othertreatments:corticosteroids:weaningoffsteroids|wean off]] of them as opposed to discontinuing them outright.+  * **corticosteroids** – There are no studies which show that glucocoritcoids (corticosteroids) improve long-term prognosis in the treatment of illness. Van den Bosch and Grutters write(({{pmid>long:16946094}})), "Remarkably, despite over 50 years of use, there is no proof of long-term (survival) benefit from corticosteroid treatment." For even short periods of time, steroid use can become genuinely addictive. Research shows that any kind of short-term symptomatic improvement from corticosteroid use does not last, and that over the longer term, use of the drugs entales a litany of side effects. For their own safety, patients on the MP must [[home:othertreatments:corticosteroids:weaningoffsteroids|wean off]] them as opposed to discontinuing them outright.
   * **[[home:othertreatments:steroid_inhalers|inhalers, steroid]]** – Steroid inhalers suppress the innate immune response and delay progress on the MP. MP patients taking steroid inhalers should work with their physicians to switch drugs such as a [[home:othertreatments:bronchodilator_inhalers|bronchiodilator inhaler]].   * **[[home:othertreatments:steroid_inhalers|inhalers, steroid]]** – Steroid inhalers suppress the innate immune response and delay progress on the MP. MP patients taking steroid inhalers should work with their physicians to switch drugs such as a [[home:othertreatments:bronchodilator_inhalers|bronchiodilator inhaler]].
  
Line 71: Line 71:
 ==== Vitamin D ==== ==== Vitamin D ====
  
-Several studies have shown that patients with asthma have low levels of the vitamin D metabolite, 25-D.(({{pubmed>long:19179486}})) (({{pubmed>long:19365260}})) While some in the medical community have been quick to conclude this suggests a need for supplementation, supplemental vitamin D [[home:pathogenesis:vitamind#supplemental_vitamin_d_tends_to_be_immunosuppressive|interferes with the immune response]] precisely when it needs to respond to microbes and may therefore contribute to asthma.+Several studies have shown that patients with asthma have low levels of the vitamin D metabolite, 25-D.(({{pmid>long:19179486}})) (({{pmid>long:19365260}})) While some in the medical community have been quick to conclude this suggests a need for supplementation, supplemental vitamin D [[home:pathogenesis:vitamind#supplemental_vitamin_d_tends_to_be_immunosuppressive|interferes with the immune response]] precisely when it needs to respond to microbes and may therefore contribute to asthma.
  
-Hansen //et al.//  study with 965 pregnant women enrolled in 1988-1989 does not provide support for a protective effect of a high maternal 25(OH)D concentration on outcomes of allergic airway disease and lung function at 20 to 25 years of age. In contrast, a high maternal 25(OH)D concentration might be associated with an increased risk of allergic diseases in offspring.  (({{pubmed>long:25649083}}))+Hansen //et al.//  study with 965 pregnant women enrolled in 1988-1989 does not provide support for a protective effect of a high maternal 25(OH)D concentration on outcomes of allergic airway disease and lung function at 20 to 25 years of age. In contrast, a high maternal 25(OH)D concentration might be associated with an increased risk of allergic diseases in offspring.  (({{pmid>long:25649083}}))
  
-Hyppönen //et al.// performed a retrospective cohort study of 7,648 Finnish infants born in 1967. The prevalence of asthma at age 31 years was 35% higher in participants who had received vitamin D supplementation regularly during the first year compared to others.(({{pubmed>long:15699498}})) A stronger relationship between cod liver oil supplementation (which is high in vitamin D) and asthma was likewise identified in an Australian study.(({{pubmed>long:20880353}}))+Hyppönen //et al.// performed a retrospective cohort study of 7,648 Finnish infants born in 1967. The prevalence of asthma at age 31 years was 35% higher in participants who had received vitamin D supplementation regularly during the first year compared to others.(({{pmid>long:15699498}})) A stronger relationship between cod liver oil supplementation (which is high in vitamin D) and asthma was likewise identified in an Australian study.(({{pmid>long:20880353}}))
  
  
Line 95: Line 95:
 ===== Epidemiology ===== ===== Epidemiology =====
  
-Asthma is one of the most common diseases in the world, with approximately 300 million asthmatics globally, including 24 million in the United States, according to the Centers for Disease Control. The disease has been on the rise for the last 60 years. "It has gone from 3 percent of the population to slightly more than 8 percent of the population in the U.S.," according to [[http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/02/110217151457.htm|Homer Boushey]].+Asthma is one of the most common diseases in the world, with approximately 300 million asthmatics globally, including 24 million in the United States, according to the Centers for Disease Control. The disease has been on the rise for the last 60 years. "It has gone from 3 percent of the population to slightly more than 8 percent of the population in the U.S.," according to [[https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/02/110217151457.htm|Homer Boushey]].
  
  
Line 139: Line 139:
  
  
 +<nodisp>
 ===== Notes and comments ===== ===== Notes and comments =====
  
  
  
-===== References =====+===== References =====</nodisp> 
home/diseases/asthma.txt · Last modified: 09.14.2022 by 127.0.0.1
© 2015, Autoimmunity Research Foundation. All Rights Reserved.