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home:diseases:autism [01.05.2019] – [Autism spectrum disorder] sallieqhome:diseases:autism [09.14.2022] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
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-A study, led by Dr. Xiaosi Gu, outlines alternations in pain perception faced by people on the autism spectrum and how those changes can affect them in social functions.[[https://medicalxpress.com/news/2017-07-link-autism-pain-sensitivity.html|Autism may increase sensitivity to pain]]+A study, led by Dr. Xiaosi Gu, outlines alternations in pain perception faced by people on the autism spectrum and how those changes can affect them in social functions.   (({{pmid>long:28452081}}))       [[https://medicalxpress.com/news/2017-07-link-autism-pain-sensitivity.html|Autism may increase sensitivity to pain]]
  
 =====  Research  ===== =====  Research  =====
  
-Autistic children had normal plasma and urinary thiamine levels whereas plasma TPP concentration was decreased. The latter may be linked to abnormal tissue handling and/or absorption from gut microbiota of TPP which warrants further investigation. Increased plasma protein dityrosine may reflect increased dual oxidase activity in response to change in mucosal immunity and host-microbe homeostasis.  (({{pubmed>long:27667096}}))+Autistic children had normal plasma and urinary thiamine levels whereas plasma TPP concentration was decreased. The latter may be linked to abnormal tissue handling and/or absorption from gut microbiota of TPP which warrants further investigation. Increased plasma protein dityrosine may reflect increased dual oxidase activity in response to change in mucosal immunity and host-microbe homeostasis.  (({{pmid>long:27667096}}))
  
 ===== Epidemiology ===== ===== Epidemiology =====
  
-[{{ :home:diseases:clustering_of_autism_in_california_1993-2001.gif?300|**Clustering of Autism in California 1993–2001** – This spatial clustering map shows a small area North of Los Angeles, where there is a cluster of children born with autism. Here, children are at four times greater risk for autism than children living in other parts of California. The risk is still present after adjusting for a number of factors. Source: [[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20337404|Yap et al.]] }}]+[{{ :home:diseases:clustering_of_autism_in_california_1993-2001.gif?300|**Clustering of Autism in California 1993–2001** – This spatial clustering map shows a small area North of Los Angeles, where there is a cluster of children born with autism. Here, children are at four times greater risk for autism than children living in other parts of California. The risk is still present after adjusting for a number of factors. Source: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20337404|Yap et al.]] }}]
  
  
-The prevalence of autism in the United States has increased significantly over the past twenty years. Using information from state birth records and case records of patients affiliated with the California Department of Health Services, Bearman and colleagues estimate that approximately 25 percent of the increased prevalence of autism observed in California between 1992 and 2005 is due to changes in how autism is diagnosed.(({{pubmed>long:19737791}})) +The prevalence of autism in the United States has increased significantly over the past twenty years. Using information from state birth records and case records of patients affiliated with the California Department of Health Services, Bearman and colleagues estimate that approximately 25 percent of the increased prevalence of autism observed in California between 1992 and 2005 is due to changes in how autism is diagnosed.(({{pmid>long:19737791}})) 
  
 Dr. Bearman and colleagues recently published that there are certain geographical areas of California where babies are more likely to develop autism (see right). The authors point out that localized “clusters” of autism suggests that environmental factors such as increased public awareness and local advocacy may play a role. However, clusters of disease may just as well suggest autism is caused by a communicable infection such as the slow-growing chronic infection described by the Marshall Pathogenesis. Dr. Bearman and colleagues recently published that there are certain geographical areas of California where babies are more likely to develop autism (see right). The authors point out that localized “clusters” of autism suggests that environmental factors such as increased public awareness and local advocacy may play a role. However, clusters of disease may just as well suggest autism is caused by a communicable infection such as the slow-growing chronic infection described by the Marshall Pathogenesis.
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-  * Patients with autism tend to suffer from severe gastrointestinal problems and have different bacteria in their GI tract. In a 2005 Paracho //et al.// study, the fecal flora of ASD patients contained a higher incidence of //Clostridium histolyticum// bacteria than that of healthy children.(({{pubmed>long:16157555}}))+  * Patients with autism tend to suffer from severe gastrointestinal problems and have different bacteria in their GI tract. In a 2005 Paracho //et al.// study, the fecal flora of ASD patients contained a higher incidence of //Clostridium histolyticum// bacteria than that of healthy children.(({{pmid>long:16157555}}))
 [{{ :home:diseases:yap.png?400|**Ratio of selected urinary metabolite concentrations to that of urinary creatinine between children with autism, their siblings, and controls.** Key: *, <html>***</html>, indicates a significant difference at p < 0.05, 0.001 confidence levels, respectively.}}] [{{ :home:diseases:yap.png?400|**Ratio of selected urinary metabolite concentrations to that of urinary creatinine between children with autism, their siblings, and controls.** Key: *, <html>***</html>, indicates a significant difference at p < 0.05, 0.001 confidence levels, respectively.}}]
-  * According to Nicolson //et al.//: "A large subset of ASD [autism spectrum disorder] patients shows evidence of bacterial and/or viral infections." (({{pubmed>long:17265454}}))  He reports that his team found conclusive evidence of //Mycoplasma ssp., Chlamydia pneunomiae//, and human herpes virus-6 coinfections in ASD patients.  +  * According to Nicolson //et al.//: "A large subset of ASD [autism spectrum disorder] patients shows evidence of bacterial and/or viral infections." (({{pmid>long:17265454}}))  He reports that his team found conclusive evidence of //Mycoplasma ssp., Chlamydia pneunomiae//, and human herpes virus-6 coinfections in ASD patients.  
-  * Nicolson's team also showed that autistic children had several urinary metabolites that were highly significant as compared to controls (see right).(({{pubmed>long:20337404}})) This study confirms other work that children with ASD have unique microbial populations and further suggests that ASD could be clinically diagnosed using a urine test.+  * Nicolson's team also showed that autistic children had several urinary metabolites that were highly significant as compared to controls (see right).(({{pmid>long:20337404}})) This study confirms other work that children with ASD have unique microbial populations and further suggests that ASD could be clinically diagnosed using a urine test.
  
  
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-  * **Familial aggregation of other chronic inflammatory diseases** – In one large-scale study, schizophrenia was more common among mothers and fathers of autistic children compared to controls. Depression and personality disorders were more common among case mothers but not fathers.(({{pubmed>long:18450879}})) A John's Hopkins study found that mothers with celiac disease and rheumatoid arthritis have higher incidence of having children with autism. A connection was also identified for children with a family history of type 1 diabetes.(({{pubmed>long:19581261}})) +  * **Familial aggregation of other chronic inflammatory diseases** – In one large-scale study, schizophrenia was more common among mothers and fathers of autistic children compared to controls. Depression and personality disorders were more common among case mothers but not fathers.(({{pmid>long:18450879}})) A John's Hopkins study found that mothers with celiac disease and rheumatoid arthritis have higher incidence of having children with autism. A connection was also identified for children with a family history of type 1 diabetes.(({{pmid>long:19581261}})) 
-  * **Autistic symptoms appear following infection reactivation** – One paper described two cases of children who at first developed normally, but before the age of three developed autistic symptoms following the reactivation of a chronic oto-rhinolaryngologic infection"(({{pubmed>long:12478882}})) +  * **Autistic symptoms appear following infection reactivation** – One paper described two cases of children who at first developed normally, but before the age of three developed autistic symptoms following the reactivation of a chronic oto-rhinolaryngologic infection"(({{pmid>long:12478882}})) 
-  * **Autoantibodies** – In a 2009 study, a significant proportion of autistic children harbored brain myelin basic protein autoantibodies and elevated levels of antibodies to measles virus and measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine.(({{pubmed>long:19758536}})) A second study found high levels of anti-nuclear antibodies in the blood serum of Egyptian autistic children.(({{pubmed>long:19135624}})) The Marshall Pathogenesis explains so-called “autoantibodies” as antibodies generated in response to pathogenic bacterial cells that have been destroyed as a result of an active immune response. +  * **Autoantibodies** – In a 2009 study, a significant proportion of autistic children harbored brain myelin basic protein autoantibodies and elevated levels of antibodies to measles virus and measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine.(({{pmid>long:19758536}})) A second study found high levels of anti-nuclear antibodies in the blood serum of Egyptian autistic children.(({{pmid>long:19135624}})) The Marshall Pathogenesis explains so-called “autoantibodies” as antibodies generated in response to pathogenic bacterial cells that have been destroyed as a result of an active immune response. 
-  * **Temporary remission of symptoms during fever** – A Johns Hopkins research team has documented how children with ASD exhibit fewer characteristic autistic behaviors during fever, a change which was unrelated to fever severity.(({{pubmed>long:18055656}})) This provocative change in behavior may be due to the fact that acute infections such as those which cause fevers may temporarily delay immunopathology. In the absence of immunopathology, autistic children display less behaviors characteristic of autism and consistent with die-off of chronic bacteria. +  * **Temporary remission of symptoms during fever** – A Johns Hopkins research team has documented how children with ASD exhibit fewer characteristic autistic behaviors during fever, a change which was unrelated to fever severity.(({{pmid>long:18055656}})) This provocative change in behavior may be due to the fact that acute infections such as those which cause fevers may temporarily delay immunopathology. In the absence of immunopathology, autistic children display less behaviors characteristic of autism and consistent with die-off of chronic bacteria. 
-  * **Prenatal infection and autism** – A population-wide study from Denmark spanning two decades of births indicates that infection during pregnancy increases the risk of autism in the child. Hospitalization for a viral infection, like the flu, during the first trimester of pregnancy triples the odds. Bacterial infection, including of the urinary tract, during the second trimester increases chances by 40 percent.(({{pubmed>long:20414802}})) +  * **Prenatal infection and autism** – A population-wide study from Denmark spanning two decades of births indicates that infection during pregnancy increases the risk of autism in the child. Hospitalization for a viral infection, like the flu, during the first trimester of pregnancy triples the odds. Bacterial infection, including of the urinary tract, during the second trimester increases chances by 40 percent.(({{pmid>long:20414802}})) 
-  * **Read additional studies** – [[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=DetailsSearch&Term=%22autistic+disorder%2Fmicrobiology%22[Majr]|PubMed studies that discuss the microbiology of autism]]+  * **Read additional studies** – [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=DetailsSearch&Term=%22autistic+disorder%2Fmicrobiology%22[Majr]|PubMed studies that discuss the microbiology of autism]]
  
  
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 autism, ADHD, depression, severe anxiety, chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) autism, ADHD, depression, severe anxiety, chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)
  
-Read the [[http://bacteriality.com/2008/03/15/interview18/|interview]]+Read the [[https://bacteriality.com/2008/03/15/interview18/|interview]]
  
 <html></div></div> <html></div></div>
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-As described in //[[http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/beautiful-minds/201207/are-prodigies-autistic|Psychology Today]]//, autism and being a prodigy are closely related:+As described in //[[https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/beautiful-minds/201207/are-prodigies-autistic|Psychology Today]]//, autism and being a prodigy are closely related:
  
 <blockquote>Ruthsatz found that both the first-degree families of individuals with autism and the first-degree families of prodigies in her sample displayed three out of five common traits of autism: impaired social skills, impaired ability to switch attention, and heightened attention to detail. This intrigued her, so she decided to look for autism in her current sample of prodigies.  <blockquote>Ruthsatz found that both the first-degree families of individuals with autism and the first-degree families of prodigies in her sample displayed three out of five common traits of autism: impaired social skills, impaired ability to switch attention, and heightened attention to detail. This intrigued her, so she decided to look for autism in her current sample of prodigies. 
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 ===== Read More ===== ===== Read More =====
  
-[[http://www.foodsmatter.com/es/health_risks/articles/goldsworthy-biological-effects-04-12.pdf|biological effects]]+[[https://www.foodsmatter.com/es/health_risks/articles/goldsworthy-biological-effects-04-12.pdf|biological effects]]
  
  
 {{tag>diseases neurological}} {{tag>diseases neurological}}
 +<nodisp>
 ===== Notes and comments ===== ===== Notes and comments =====
  
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 Jyonouchi H, Geng L, Streck DL, Toruner GA. Jyonouchi H, Geng L, Streck DL, Toruner GA.
 J Neuroimmunol. 2011 Jul 29. [Epub ahead of print] J Neuroimmunol. 2011 Jul 29. [Epub ahead of print]
-http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165572811001913+https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165572811001913
  
  
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 <blockquote>"The analysis of more than 600 three-year-olds with an older autistic sibling found that almost one in five of them had an autism spectrum disorder, which includes Asperger's syndrome and similar conditions" <blockquote>"The analysis of more than 600 three-year-olds with an older autistic sibling found that almost one in five of them had an autism spectrum disorder, which includes Asperger's syndrome and similar conditions"
-http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/08/15/us-autistic-kids-idUSTRE77E0OW20110815+https://www.reuters.com/article/2011/08/15/us-autistic-kids-idUSTRE77E0OW20110815
 </blockquote> </blockquote>
  
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 <blockquote>Very interesting.   I had also found this study: <blockquote>Very interesting.   I had also found this study:
  
-http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TBD-4VB6KTF-B&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1021423445&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=3f27b32cf2776353b0c363891b3fbef5+https://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TBD-4VB6KTF-B&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1021423445&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=3f27b32cf2776353b0c363891b3fbef5
  
 Autism may involve an autoimmune pathogenesis in a subgroup of patients. The frequency of anti-nuclear antibodies in 80 autistic children and their relationship to a family history of autoimmunity were studied, compared with 80 healthy, matched children. Children with autism had a significantly higher percent seropositivity of anti-nuclear antibodies (20%) than healthy children (2.5%; P < 0.01). Fifty percent of anti-nuclear antibody-seropositive autistic children had an anti-nuclear antibody titer of ≥1:640 (very high positive); 25%, ≥1:160 (high positive); and the remaining 25%, 1:80. All anti-nuclear antibody-seropositive healthy children had anti-nuclear antibody titers of 1:80. A family history of autoimmunity was significantly higher in autistic children (47.5%) than healthy controls (8.8%; P < 0.001). Anti-nuclear antibody seropositivity was significantly higher in autistic children with a family history of autoimmunity than those without such history (36.8% and 5%, respectively; P < 0.001). Anti-nuclear antibody seropositivity had significant positive associations with disease severity, mental retardation and electroencephalogram abnormalities. Autoimmunity may play a role in a subgroup of children with autism. Further studies are warranted to assess anti-nuclear antibody seropositivity, other markers of autoimmunity (e.g., brain-specific autoantibodies), and the role of immunotherapy in children with autism.</blockquote> Autism may involve an autoimmune pathogenesis in a subgroup of patients. The frequency of anti-nuclear antibodies in 80 autistic children and their relationship to a family history of autoimmunity were studied, compared with 80 healthy, matched children. Children with autism had a significantly higher percent seropositivity of anti-nuclear antibodies (20%) than healthy children (2.5%; P < 0.01). Fifty percent of anti-nuclear antibody-seropositive autistic children had an anti-nuclear antibody titer of ≥1:640 (very high positive); 25%, ≥1:160 (high positive); and the remaining 25%, 1:80. All anti-nuclear antibody-seropositive healthy children had anti-nuclear antibody titers of 1:80. A family history of autoimmunity was significantly higher in autistic children (47.5%) than healthy controls (8.8%; P < 0.001). Anti-nuclear antibody seropositivity was significantly higher in autistic children with a family history of autoimmunity than those without such history (36.8% and 5%, respectively; P < 0.001). Anti-nuclear antibody seropositivity had significant positive associations with disease severity, mental retardation and electroencephalogram abnormalities. Autoimmunity may play a role in a subgroup of children with autism. Further studies are warranted to assess anti-nuclear antibody seropositivity, other markers of autoimmunity (e.g., brain-specific autoantibodies), and the role of immunotherapy in children with autism.</blockquote>
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 <blockquote>"Misfolded Proteins Linked to Autism Disorders" <blockquote>"Misfolded Proteins Linked to Autism Disorders"
  
-http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/200742.php+https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/200742.php
  
 This lines up with research described at DMM2008, where it was revealed that Prions were only infectious in the presence of a chronic inflammatory disease. It seems that there are a lot of misfolded proteins, not just prions, which result from the inflammatory disease process. This lines up with research described at DMM2008, where it was revealed that Prions were only infectious in the presence of a chronic inflammatory disease. It seems that there are a lot of misfolded proteins, not just prions, which result from the inflammatory disease process.
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   * Legacy content   * Legacy content
-    * [[http://www.marshallprotocol.com/view_topic.php?id=1263&forum_id=32&jump_to=64344#p64344]] f13+    * [[https://www.marshallprotocol.com/view_topic.php?id=1263&forum_id=32&jump_to=64344#p64344]] f13
    
 <blockquote>J Child Neurol. 2006 Jun;21(6):444-9.High levels of Alzheimer beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP) in children with severely autistic behavior and aggression. <blockquote>J Child Neurol. 2006 Jun;21(6):444-9.High levels of Alzheimer beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP) in children with severely autistic behavior and aggression.
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 I would not, however, restrict a theory to explain the aetiology of autism to solely this - too much vitamin D in infant formula as well as an acquired microbiota from parents and/or siblings or pets needs to be thrown into the mix of factors (as has been discussed on this thread). I would not, however, restrict a theory to explain the aetiology of autism to solely this - too much vitamin D in infant formula as well as an acquired microbiota from parents and/or siblings or pets needs to be thrown into the mix of factors (as has been discussed on this thread).
  
-I want to bring folks attention to a recent study that purports to demonstrate that the traditional practice of prescribing antibiotics to infants is to be generally supported see http://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMoa0912254.+I want to bring folks attention to a recent study that purports to demonstrate that the traditional practice of prescribing antibiotics to infants is to be generally supported see https://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMoa0912254.
  
 This study was done to address the concerns that abxs are being over-prescribed to infants when viral infections could be causal rather than bacteria and the worry about more bacteria-resistant species being created by over‑prescription. This study was done to address the concerns that abxs are being over-prescribed to infants when viral infections could be causal rather than bacteria and the worry about more bacteria-resistant species being created by over‑prescription.
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 This study shows no awareness of the issue raised by others before us that over-prescription could be causing cases of ASD.  It was actually a mother of an autistic child, Ellen Bolte, who first raised a concern that her son’s autistic regression occurred after frequent courses of antibiotics produced diarrhoea in her son before catastrophic ASD set in.  The NEJM study acknowledges that diarrhoea is routinely observed in many children given abxs for OM.  Indeed, 6 children in the study group were taken off the abx protocol because of this – the children contracted a clostridium dificile infection.  I wonder if any of these children became autistic. This study shows no awareness of the issue raised by others before us that over-prescription could be causing cases of ASD.  It was actually a mother of an autistic child, Ellen Bolte, who first raised a concern that her son’s autistic regression occurred after frequent courses of antibiotics produced diarrhoea in her son before catastrophic ASD set in.  The NEJM study acknowledges that diarrhoea is routinely observed in many children given abxs for OM.  Indeed, 6 children in the study group were taken off the abx protocol because of this – the children contracted a clostridium dificile infection.  I wonder if any of these children became autistic.
  
-Bolte speculated that the gut’s protective microflora can be disturbed by abxs and this could permit even more virulent clostridia than clostridium dificile bacteria to multiply and possibly cause ASD through a gut-brain connection – see http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9881820.+Bolte speculated that the gut’s protective microflora can be disturbed by abxs and this could permit even more virulent clostridia than clostridium dificile bacteria to multiply and possibly cause ASD through a gut-brain connection – see https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9881820.
  
-Bolte’s idea was taken up by Sidney Finegold who has many Pub med citations (see http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20603222+Bolte’s idea was taken up by Sidney Finegold who has many Pub med citations (see https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20603222
  
-http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17904761 and+https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17904761 and
  
-http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12173102+https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12173102
  
 I believe Finegold is an eminent microbiologist who is still pursuing this idea since the late 1990s when Bolte’s paper was first published. I believe Finegold is an eminent microbiologist who is still pursuing this idea since the late 1990s when Bolte’s paper was first published.
  
-In addition to this, a PubMed paper by Joan Fallon also discussed a possible link between Augmentin, the abx used in the NEJM study, and autism see http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15607562+In addition to this, a PubMed paper by Joan Fallon also discussed a possible link between Augmentin, the abx used in the NEJM study, and autism see https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15607562
  
 None of these papers were cited in the NEJM study.  I grant that these papers are about speculations as to a possible link between abx administration and autism rather than established fact.  Nonetheless, I think it is pretty poor for the NEJM authors not to have acknowledged these studies (to say nothing of an MP view of the causes of ASD). None of these papers were cited in the NEJM study.  I grant that these papers are about speculations as to a possible link between abx administration and autism rather than established fact.  Nonetheless, I think it is pretty poor for the NEJM authors not to have acknowledged these studies (to say nothing of an MP view of the causes of ASD).
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 <blockquote>Identical twins reveal role of environmental factors in autism  <blockquote>Identical twins reveal role of environmental factors in autism 
  
-http://bit.ly/nMpHAp</blockquote> +https://bit.ly/nMpHAp</blockquote> 
-===== References =====+===== References =====</nodisp> 
home/diseases/autism.txt · Last modified: 09.14.2022 by 127.0.0.1
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