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home:diseases:autism [01.05.2019] – [Autism spectrum disorder] sallieq | home:diseases:autism [09.14.2022] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1 | ||
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- | A study, led by Dr. Xiaosi Gu, outlines alternations in pain perception faced by people on the autism spectrum and how those changes can affect them in social functions. | + | A study, led by Dr. Xiaosi Gu, outlines alternations in pain perception faced by people on the autism spectrum and how those changes can affect them in social functions. |
===== Research | ===== Research | ||
- | Autistic children had normal plasma and urinary thiamine levels whereas plasma TPP concentration was decreased. The latter may be linked to abnormal tissue handling and/or absorption from gut microbiota of TPP which warrants further investigation. Increased plasma protein dityrosine may reflect increased dual oxidase activity in response to change in mucosal immunity and host-microbe homeostasis. | + | Autistic children had normal plasma and urinary thiamine levels whereas plasma TPP concentration was decreased. The latter may be linked to abnormal tissue handling and/or absorption from gut microbiota of TPP which warrants further investigation. Increased plasma protein dityrosine may reflect increased dual oxidase activity in response to change in mucosal immunity and host-microbe homeostasis. |
===== Epidemiology ===== | ===== Epidemiology ===== | ||
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- | The prevalence of autism in the United States has increased significantly over the past twenty years. Using information from state birth records and case records of patients affiliated with the California Department of Health Services, Bearman and colleagues estimate that approximately 25 percent of the increased prevalence of autism observed in California between 1992 and 2005 is due to changes in how autism is diagnosed.(({{pubmed> | + | The prevalence of autism in the United States has increased significantly over the past twenty years. Using information from state birth records and case records of patients affiliated with the California Department of Health Services, Bearman and colleagues estimate that approximately 25 percent of the increased prevalence of autism observed in California between 1992 and 2005 is due to changes in how autism is diagnosed.(({{pmid> |
Dr. Bearman and colleagues recently published that there are certain geographical areas of California where babies are more likely to develop autism (see right). The authors point out that localized “clusters” of autism suggests that environmental factors such as increased public awareness and local advocacy may play a role. However, clusters of disease may just as well suggest autism is caused by a communicable infection such as the slow-growing chronic infection described by the Marshall Pathogenesis. | Dr. Bearman and colleagues recently published that there are certain geographical areas of California where babies are more likely to develop autism (see right). The authors point out that localized “clusters” of autism suggests that environmental factors such as increased public awareness and local advocacy may play a role. However, clusters of disease may just as well suggest autism is caused by a communicable infection such as the slow-growing chronic infection described by the Marshall Pathogenesis. | ||
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- | * Patients with autism tend to suffer from severe gastrointestinal problems and have different bacteria in their GI tract. In a 2005 Paracho //et al.// study, the fecal flora of ASD patients contained a higher incidence of // | + | * Patients with autism tend to suffer from severe gastrointestinal problems and have different bacteria in their GI tract. In a 2005 Paracho //et al.// study, the fecal flora of ASD patients contained a higher incidence of // |
[{{ : | [{{ : | ||
- | * According to Nicolson //et al.//: "A large subset of ASD [autism spectrum disorder] patients shows evidence of bacterial and/or viral infections." | + | * According to Nicolson //et al.//: "A large subset of ASD [autism spectrum disorder] patients shows evidence of bacterial and/or viral infections." |
- | * Nicolson' | + | * Nicolson' |
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- | * **Familial aggregation of other chronic inflammatory diseases** – In one large-scale study, schizophrenia was more common among mothers and fathers of autistic children compared to controls. Depression and personality disorders were more common among case mothers but not fathers.(({{pubmed> | + | * **Familial aggregation of other chronic inflammatory diseases** – In one large-scale study, schizophrenia was more common among mothers and fathers of autistic children compared to controls. Depression and personality disorders were more common among case mothers but not fathers.(({{pmid> |
- | * **Autistic symptoms appear following infection reactivation** – One paper described two cases of children who at first developed normally, but before the age of three developed autistic symptoms following the reactivation of a chronic oto-rhinolaryngologic infection" | + | * **Autistic symptoms appear following infection reactivation** – One paper described two cases of children who at first developed normally, but before the age of three developed autistic symptoms following the reactivation of a chronic oto-rhinolaryngologic infection" |
- | * **Autoantibodies** – In a 2009 study, a significant proportion of autistic children harbored brain myelin basic protein autoantibodies and elevated levels of antibodies to measles virus and measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine.(({{pubmed> | + | * **Autoantibodies** – In a 2009 study, a significant proportion of autistic children harbored brain myelin basic protein autoantibodies and elevated levels of antibodies to measles virus and measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine.(({{pmid> |
- | * **Temporary remission of symptoms during fever** – A Johns Hopkins research team has documented how children with ASD exhibit fewer characteristic autistic behaviors during fever, a change which was unrelated to fever severity.(({{pubmed> | + | * **Temporary remission of symptoms during fever** – A Johns Hopkins research team has documented how children with ASD exhibit fewer characteristic autistic behaviors during fever, a change which was unrelated to fever severity.(({{pmid> |
- | * **Prenatal infection and autism** – A population-wide study from Denmark spanning two decades of births indicates that infection during pregnancy increases the risk of autism in the child. Hospitalization for a viral infection, like the flu, during the first trimester of pregnancy triples the odds. Bacterial infection, including of the urinary tract, during the second trimester increases chances by 40 percent.(({{pubmed> | + | * **Prenatal infection and autism** – A population-wide study from Denmark spanning two decades of births indicates that infection during pregnancy increases the risk of autism in the child. Hospitalization for a viral infection, like the flu, during the first trimester of pregnancy triples the odds. Bacterial infection, including of the urinary tract, during the second trimester increases chances by 40 percent.(({{pmid> |
- | * **Read additional studies** – [[http:// | + | * **Read additional studies** – [[https:// |
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autism, ADHD, depression, severe anxiety, chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) | autism, ADHD, depression, severe anxiety, chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) | ||
- | Read the [[http:// | + | Read the [[https:// |
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- | As described in //[[http:// | + | As described in //[[https:// |
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===== Read More ===== | ===== Read More ===== | ||
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{{tag> | {{tag> | ||
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===== Notes and comments ===== | ===== Notes and comments ===== | ||
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Jyonouchi H, Geng L, Streck DL, Toruner GA. | Jyonouchi H, Geng L, Streck DL, Toruner GA. | ||
J Neuroimmunol. 2011 Jul 29. [Epub ahead of print] | J Neuroimmunol. 2011 Jul 29. [Epub ahead of print] | ||
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Autism may involve an autoimmune pathogenesis in a subgroup of patients. The frequency of anti-nuclear antibodies in 80 autistic children and their relationship to a family history of autoimmunity were studied, compared with 80 healthy, matched children. Children with autism had a significantly higher percent seropositivity of anti-nuclear antibodies (20%) than healthy children (2.5%; P < 0.01). Fifty percent of anti-nuclear antibody-seropositive autistic children had an anti-nuclear antibody titer of ≥1:640 (very high positive); 25%, ≥1:160 (high positive); and the remaining 25%, 1:80. All anti-nuclear antibody-seropositive healthy children had anti-nuclear antibody titers of 1:80. A family history of autoimmunity was significantly higher in autistic children (47.5%) than healthy controls (8.8%; P < 0.001). Anti-nuclear antibody seropositivity was significantly higher in autistic children with a family history of autoimmunity than those without such history (36.8% and 5%, respectively; | Autism may involve an autoimmune pathogenesis in a subgroup of patients. The frequency of anti-nuclear antibodies in 80 autistic children and their relationship to a family history of autoimmunity were studied, compared with 80 healthy, matched children. Children with autism had a significantly higher percent seropositivity of anti-nuclear antibodies (20%) than healthy children (2.5%; P < 0.01). Fifty percent of anti-nuclear antibody-seropositive autistic children had an anti-nuclear antibody titer of ≥1:640 (very high positive); 25%, ≥1:160 (high positive); and the remaining 25%, 1:80. All anti-nuclear antibody-seropositive healthy children had anti-nuclear antibody titers of 1:80. A family history of autoimmunity was significantly higher in autistic children (47.5%) than healthy controls (8.8%; P < 0.001). Anti-nuclear antibody seropositivity was significantly higher in autistic children with a family history of autoimmunity than those without such history (36.8% and 5%, respectively; | ||
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This lines up with research described at DMM2008, where it was revealed that Prions were only infectious in the presence of a chronic inflammatory disease. It seems that there are a lot of misfolded proteins, not just prions, which result from the inflammatory disease process. | This lines up with research described at DMM2008, where it was revealed that Prions were only infectious in the presence of a chronic inflammatory disease. It seems that there are a lot of misfolded proteins, not just prions, which result from the inflammatory disease process. | ||
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* Legacy content | * Legacy content | ||
- | * [[http:// | + | * [[https:// |
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I would not, however, restrict a theory to explain the aetiology of autism to solely this - too much vitamin D in infant formula as well as an acquired microbiota from parents and/or siblings or pets needs to be thrown into the mix of factors (as has been discussed on this thread). | I would not, however, restrict a theory to explain the aetiology of autism to solely this - too much vitamin D in infant formula as well as an acquired microbiota from parents and/or siblings or pets needs to be thrown into the mix of factors (as has been discussed on this thread). | ||
- | I want to bring folks attention to a recent study that purports to demonstrate that the traditional practice of prescribing antibiotics to infants is to be generally supported see http:// | + | I want to bring folks attention to a recent study that purports to demonstrate that the traditional practice of prescribing antibiotics to infants is to be generally supported see https:// |
This study was done to address the concerns that abxs are being over-prescribed to infants when viral infections could be causal rather than bacteria and the worry about more bacteria-resistant species being created by over‑prescription. | This study was done to address the concerns that abxs are being over-prescribed to infants when viral infections could be causal rather than bacteria and the worry about more bacteria-resistant species being created by over‑prescription. | ||
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This study shows no awareness of the issue raised by others before us that over-prescription could be causing cases of ASD. It was actually a mother of an autistic child, Ellen Bolte, who first raised a concern that her son’s autistic regression occurred after frequent courses of antibiotics produced diarrhoea in her son before catastrophic ASD set in. The NEJM study acknowledges that diarrhoea is routinely observed in many children given abxs for OM. Indeed, 6 children in the study group were taken off the abx protocol because of this – the children contracted a clostridium dificile infection. | This study shows no awareness of the issue raised by others before us that over-prescription could be causing cases of ASD. It was actually a mother of an autistic child, Ellen Bolte, who first raised a concern that her son’s autistic regression occurred after frequent courses of antibiotics produced diarrhoea in her son before catastrophic ASD set in. The NEJM study acknowledges that diarrhoea is routinely observed in many children given abxs for OM. Indeed, 6 children in the study group were taken off the abx protocol because of this – the children contracted a clostridium dificile infection. | ||
- | Bolte speculated that the gut’s protective microflora can be disturbed by abxs and this could permit even more virulent clostridia than clostridium dificile bacteria to multiply and possibly cause ASD through a gut-brain connection – see http:// | + | Bolte speculated that the gut’s protective microflora can be disturbed by abxs and this could permit even more virulent clostridia than clostridium dificile bacteria to multiply and possibly cause ASD through a gut-brain connection – see https:// |
- | Bolte’s idea was taken up by Sidney Finegold who has many Pub med citations (see http:// | + | Bolte’s idea was taken up by Sidney Finegold who has many Pub med citations (see https:// |
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I believe Finegold is an eminent microbiologist who is still pursuing this idea since the late 1990s when Bolte’s paper was first published. | I believe Finegold is an eminent microbiologist who is still pursuing this idea since the late 1990s when Bolte’s paper was first published. | ||
- | In addition to this, a PubMed paper by Joan Fallon also discussed a possible link between Augmentin, the abx used in the NEJM study, and autism see http:// | + | In addition to this, a PubMed paper by Joan Fallon also discussed a possible link between Augmentin, the abx used in the NEJM study, and autism see https:// |
None of these papers were cited in the NEJM study. | None of these papers were cited in the NEJM study. | ||
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- | ===== References ===== | + | ===== References =====</ |