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home:special:smoking [08.24.2011] – paulalberthome:special:smoking [11.12.2011] – [Smoking and prolonged stress decrease production of antimicrobial peptides] paulalbert
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 Smoking and prolonged stress have been linked to increased susceptibility to bacterial infection. A 2010 study appearing in //Cell Host and Microbe// shows that this may be caused by a decrease in antimicrobial peptide (AmP) activity as a result of increased stimulation of a neuroendocrine signalling pathway.(({{pubmed>long:20413096}})) Radek //et al.// showed that when nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) were stimulated, mice had decreased AmP production and were increasingly susceptible to the pathogens methicillin-resistant //Staphylococcus aureus// and Group A //Streptococcus// infections. Smoking and prolonged stress have been linked to increased susceptibility to bacterial infection. A 2010 study appearing in //Cell Host and Microbe// shows that this may be caused by a decrease in antimicrobial peptide (AmP) activity as a result of increased stimulation of a neuroendocrine signalling pathway.(({{pubmed>long:20413096}})) Radek //et al.// showed that when nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) were stimulated, mice had decreased AmP production and were increasingly susceptible to the pathogens methicillin-resistant //Staphylococcus aureus// and Group A //Streptococcus// infections.
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 +===== Nicotine interferes with apoptosis =====
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 +According to a 2007 review, nicotine acts on immune cells. Although nicotine itself is usually not referred to as a carcinogen, there is ongoing debate whether nicotine functions as a "tumor enhancer." By binding to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, nicotine deregulates essential biological processes like angiogenesis, apoptosis, and cell-mediated immunity.(({{pubmed>long:17846896}})) Delayed apoptosis – that is, the inability of cells to self-destruct – is one of the hallmarks of chronic inflammatory disease. It is well-documented that microbes induce delayed apoptosis in order to gain a survival advantage.
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 ===== Sick people are less likely to quit smoking ===== ===== Sick people are less likely to quit smoking =====
home/special/smoking.txt · Last modified: 09.14.2022 by 127.0.0.1
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