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home:special:smoking [11.12.2011] – [Smoking and prolonged stress decrease production of antimicrobial peptides] paulalberthome:special:smoking [11.12.2011] – [Smoking tobacco] paulalbert
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 Smoking has been called "the single most preventable risk of disease" but the underlying disease process by which smoking is said to cause death and disease is not well-defined. However, there are several areas of study which point to the role of pathogens and modulation of the immune response in the diseases caused by smoking: Smoking has been called "the single most preventable risk of disease" but the underlying disease process by which smoking is said to cause death and disease is not well-defined. However, there are several areas of study which point to the role of pathogens and modulation of the immune response in the diseases caused by smoking:
   * Pathogens have been detected in cigarettes.(({{pubmed>long:20064769}}))    * Pathogens have been detected in cigarettes.(({{pubmed>long:20064769}})) 
-  * Smoking has been shown to  decrease production of antimicrobial peptides. Some evidence has emerged that smoking offers sick people symptomatic relief – through immunosuppression,(({{pubmed>long:9610683}})) an anti-inflammatory effect,(({{pubmed>long:12033743}})) or any number of other possible mechanisms. +  * Smoking has been shown to contribute to delayed apoptosis of immune cells as well as decrease production of antimicrobial peptides. Some evidence has emerged that smoking offers sick people symptomatic relief – through immunosuppression,(({{pubmed>long:9610683}})) an anti-inflammatory effect,(({{pubmed>long:12033743}})) or any number of other possible mechanisms. 
   * Sick people are less likely to quit smoking, which may artificially inflate estimate of the harmful effect of tobacco. For example, schizophrenic patients, have reported that they smoked "primarily for sedative effects and control of negative symptoms of schizophrenia."(({{pubmed>long:12132630}})) Symptomatic relief may also explain why people with mental illness are twice as likely to smoke than people without a mental illness.(({{pubmed>long:12132630}}))   * Sick people are less likely to quit smoking, which may artificially inflate estimate of the harmful effect of tobacco. For example, schizophrenic patients, have reported that they smoked "primarily for sedative effects and control of negative symptoms of schizophrenia."(({{pubmed>long:12132630}})) Symptomatic relief may also explain why people with mental illness are twice as likely to smoke than people without a mental illness.(({{pubmed>long:12132630}}))
  
home/special/smoking.txt · Last modified: 09.14.2022 by 127.0.0.1
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