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home:symptoms:urinary [03.22.2017] – [If the urinalysis is positive] + Ceftin, Biaxin sallieqhome:symptoms:urinary [09.14.2022] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
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 ===== Urine is not sterile ===== ===== Urine is not sterile =====
  
-While urine within the urinary tract has been traditionally regarded as "sterile", this assumption relies on culture-based methods, which capture a small fraction of microbial richness. A 2011 pyrosequencing study looked at 16S rDNA amplicons of eight culture-negative healthy female urine specimens.(({{pubmed>long:22047020}})) The study found  significant diversity, with the predominant genera detected being //Lactobacillus, Prevotella// and //Gardnerella//. Notably, a significant amount of sequences belonging to bacteria with a known pathogenic potential was observed. +While urine within the urinary tract has been traditionally regarded as "sterile", this assumption relies on culture-based methods, which capture a small fraction of microbial richness. A 2011 pyrosequencing study looked at 16S rDNA amplicons of eight culture-negative healthy female urine specimens.(({{pmid>long:22047020}})) The study found  significant diversity, with the predominant genera detected being //Lactobacillus, Prevotella// and //Gardnerella//. Notably, a significant amount of sequences belonging to bacteria with a known pathogenic potential was observed. 
  
  
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 The medical term for bladder or urinary tract infection (UTI) is cystitis, which literally means inflammation of the urinary bladder. A UTI is often caused by an acute bacterial infection. UTIs can occur in any part of the urinary tract including the kidneys, ureters, urethra and bladder. UTIs are more common in women because a woman's shorter urethra provides easier access for bacteria, but men are also susceptible. The medical term for bladder or urinary tract infection (UTI) is cystitis, which literally means inflammation of the urinary bladder. A UTI is often caused by an acute bacterial infection. UTIs can occur in any part of the urinary tract including the kidneys, ureters, urethra and bladder. UTIs are more common in women because a woman's shorter urethra provides easier access for bacteria, but men are also susceptible.
  
-[{{ :home:pathogenesis:microbiota:uti.jpg?450|**Scanning electron images of the surface of a mouse bladder infected with urinary tract infection show large intracellular communities of biofilm bacteria inside pods.** Uninfected bladders appeared smooth, but infected bladders [[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12843396|had bumps]] all over them. “It was spectacular!” senior author S.J. Hultgren recalled in the accompanying //Science// article. "They looked like fried eggs on the surface of the bladder.”}}]+[{{ :home:pathogenesis:microbiota:uti.jpg?450|**Scanning electron images of the surface of a mouse bladder infected with urinary tract infection show large intracellular communities of biofilm bacteria inside pods.** Uninfected bladders appeared smooth, but infected bladders [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12843396|had bumps]] all over them. “It was spectacular!” senior author S.J. Hultgren recalled in the accompanying //Science// article. "They looked like fried eggs on the surface of the bladder.”}}]
  
  
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 <relatedarticle> [[home:othertreatments:antibacterials|Non-MP antibacterials]] </article> <relatedarticle> [[home:othertreatments:antibacterials|Non-MP antibacterials]] </article>
  
-If a urinalysis is positive for bacteria and one's doctors wants to use an antibiotic other than minocycline, ask him or her to consider Ceftin, Biaxin or a fluoroquinolone, which will not interfere with immunopathology.+If a urinalysis is positive for bacteria and one's doctor wants to use an antibiotic other than minocycline, ask him or her to consider Ceftin, Biaxin or a fluoroquinolone, which will not interfere with immunopathology.
  
 Other strategies for managing a UTI include: Other strategies for managing a UTI include:
   * **Standard measures for managing immunopathology** – Try slowing the immune system reaction to see if symptoms of cystitis are relieved.   * **Standard measures for managing immunopathology** – Try slowing the immune system reaction to see if symptoms of cystitis are relieved.
-  * **Cranberries and cranberry drinks/supplements** – A substance in cranberries may help clear bacteria from the urinary tract by preventing bacteria from sticking to mucosal surfaces lining the bladder and gut.(({{pubmed>long:17694340}})) The recommended dosing for prophylaxis of urinary tract infection is based on a recent positive randomized controlled trial that used one tablet of concentrated cranberry extract (300 to 400 mg) twice daily, or 8 oz of pure unsweetened cranberry juice three times daily. Note that pure unsweetened cranberry juice can be added to clear diet soda (e.g. Diet 7-Up) to make a more palatable drink. To be effective in preventing UTIs, cranberry must be taken without interruption in order to maintain its physical presence in the bladder.+  * **Cranberries and cranberry drinks/supplements** – A substance in cranberries may help clear bacteria from the urinary tract by preventing bacteria from sticking to mucosal surfaces lining the bladder and gut.(({{pmid>long:17694340}})) The recommended dosing for prophylaxis of urinary tract infection is based on a recent positive randomized controlled trial that used one tablet of concentrated cranberry extract (300 to 400 mg) twice daily, or 8 oz of pure unsweetened cranberry juice three times daily. Note that pure unsweetened cranberry juice can be added to clear diet soda (e.g. Diet 7-Up) to make a more palatable drink. To be effective in preventing UTIs, cranberry must be taken without interruption in order to maintain its physical presence in the bladder.
   * //**Avoid consumption of sugars especially D-mannose.**// Sugars contribute to the growth of pathogenic bacteria.   * //**Avoid consumption of sugars especially D-mannose.**// Sugars contribute to the growth of pathogenic bacteria.
  
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 ==== If the urinalysis is negative ==== ==== If the urinalysis is negative ====
  
-  * **Symptoms of UTI may be due to immunopathology** – The release of endotoxins and cytokine storm that follows bacterial die-off can mimic symptoms of cystitis. Marshall Protocol patients with cystitis whose urinalysis does not reveal a bladder infection may be experiencing immunopathology. Genital irritation may be due to [[http://www.seekwellness.com/incontinence/pelvic-pain-vulvodynia.htm|vulvodynia]]. This may or not be related to an alteration in the pH of urine. If this is the case, a medical exam is suggested. +  * **Symptoms of UTI may be due to immunopathology** – The release of endotoxins and cytokine storm that follows bacterial die-off can mimic symptoms of cystitis. Marshall Protocol patients with cystitis whose urinalysis does not reveal a bladder infection may be experiencing immunopathology. Genital irritation may be due to [[https://www.seekwellness.com/incontinence/pelvic-pain-vulvodynia.htm|vulvodynia]]. This may or not be related to an alteration in the pH of urine. If this is the case, a medical exam is suggested. 
-  * **Symptoms of UTI may be due to a subclinical infection** – One study found that a large fraction of fastidious and anaerobic bacteria (22.43%) was not detected under culture conditions but only by using PCR, a genomic sequencing technique which is more rigorous at identifying bacteria.(({{pubmed>long:18336452}})) If this is the case the MP is still a patient's best option for ridding him or herself of the conditions which originally caused this problem.+  * **Symptoms of UTI may be due to a subclinical infection** – One study found that a large fraction of fastidious and anaerobic bacteria (22.43%) was not detected under culture conditions but only by using PCR, a genomic sequencing technique which is more rigorous at identifying bacteria.(({{pmid>long:18336452}})) If this is the case the MP is still a patient's best option for ridding him or herself of the conditions which originally caused this problem.
  
 Note that excessive urination, known as polyuria, may be due to subclinical kidney inflammation. Note that excessive urination, known as polyuria, may be due to subclinical kidney inflammation.
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 ===== Bacterial vaginosis ===== ===== Bacterial vaginosis =====
  
-Bacterial vaginosis is a common syndrome associated with numerous adverse health outcomes in women. According to a 2012 study using broad-range PCR , the community of vaginal bacteria detected in subjects with BV was much more taxon rich and diverse than in subjects without BV.(({{pubmed>long:18487399}})) //Actinobacteria// and //Bacteroidetes// were strongly associated with BV.+Bacterial vaginosis is a common syndrome associated with numerous adverse health outcomes in women. According to a 2012 study using broad-range PCR , the community of vaginal bacteria detected in subjects with BV was much more taxon rich and diverse than in subjects without BV.(({{pmid>long:18487399}})) //Actinobacteria// and //Bacteroidetes// were strongly associated with BV.
  
  
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 {{tag>symptoms}} {{tag>symptoms}}
  
 +<nodisp>
 ===== Notes and comments ===== ===== Notes and comments =====
  
  
   * Legacy content   * Legacy content
-    * http://www.marshallprotocol.com/forum32/7836.html f203 +    * https://www.marshallprotocol.com/forum32/7836.html f203 
-    * http://www.marshallprotocol.com/forum32/5841.html f267+    * https://www.marshallprotocol.com/forum32/5841.html f267
  
 <blockquote>Antibiotics Can Help Improve Overactive Bladder Print This Email this <blockquote>Antibiotics Can Help Improve Overactive Bladder Print This Email this
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 "We have looked at over 65,000 culture samples and have not found any increased risk of antibiotic resistance," he said. "A Darwinian understanding of the underlying pathophysiology would lead us to expect very low levels of antibiotic resistance. For resistance to occur, bacterial replication is required to allow for variation and the influence of selection pressure. But in OAB, there is evidence that the bacteria are relatively dormant, and replication is low, so the chances of developing resistance in the offending pathogens are very low and our data confirm this." "We have looked at over 65,000 culture samples and have not found any increased risk of antibiotic resistance," he said. "A Darwinian understanding of the underlying pathophysiology would lead us to expect very low levels of antibiotic resistance. For resistance to occur, bacterial replication is required to allow for variation and the influence of selection pressure. But in OAB, there is evidence that the bacteria are relatively dormant, and replication is low, so the chances of developing resistance in the offending pathogens are very low and our data confirm this."
 </blockquote> </blockquote>
-===== References =====+===== References =====</nodisp> 
home/symptoms/urinary.txt · Last modified: 09.14.2022 by 127.0.0.1
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