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Antiviral agents

Related article: Palliative vs. curative treatments

By definition, antiviral agents are drugs used in the prophylaxis or therapy of virus diseases. However, the drugs have been used in a wide range of conditions from acute infections such as influenza to chronic inflammatory diseases such as chronic fatigue syndrome. Antivirals have profound effects on the immune system as well as a number of serious adverse effects. Routine use is generally contraindicated for Marshall ProtocolA curative medical treatment for chronic inflammatory disease. Based on the Marshall Pathogenesis. (MP) patients. The decision to use antivirals is one which patients should make with their physicians in light of known side effects, contraindications and personal risk of effects from the flu.

Effect on the immune system

For many conditions, antiviral drugs alleviate symptoms of disease.1) However, this could be due to its effect on the immune response. Not enough is known about how exactly antivirals interact with the immune system, but certain preliminary indications strongly suggest that the drugs interfere with immunopathologyA temporary increase in disease symptoms experienced by Marshall Protocol patients that results from the release of cytokines and endotoxins as disease-causing bacteria are killed.. This suggests that use of the drugs may delay recovery from chronic inflammatory disease.

The reported molecular actions of ganciclovir (Cytovene and Cymevene) may be telling.

During ganciclovir treatment of an adolescent ependymoma patient two weeks after intracranial implantation of HSVtk retroviral vector producer cells, increasing numbers of peripheral T- and B-cells were found as well as enhanced T-cell activation and elevated serum levels of interleukin 12 and soluble Fas ligand.

Kramm et al.2)

While antiviral drugs are supposed to treat only a virus, they appear to have profound effects on other immune functions in the human body. For this reason they are contraindicated for MP patients.

Adverse effects

Depending on the drug, antiviral drugs can have a number of side effects. Oseltamivir is somewhat typical. Common adverse drug reactions associated with oseltamivir therapy include: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and headache as well as other neurological and psychiatric conditions.3)

Types of anti-viral treatments

  • acyclovir (Zovirax)
  • famciclovir (Famvir)
  • ganciclovir (Cytovene and Cymevene)
  • osletamivir (Tamiflu) – Drug that interferes with flu viral reproduction. In order for it to be effective, it must be taken within 40 hours of developing the flu.
  • valganciclovir (Valcyte)
  • valcyclovir HCL (Valtrex)
  • zanamivir (Relenza) – The drug is a powder that is inhaled twice a day for five days from a breath-activated plastic device. In order for the treatment to be most effective, patients need to start treatment within two days of the onset of symptoms.

Research

This article reviews the common cold and influenza viruses, presents the conventional treatment options, and highlights select botanicals (Echinacea spp., Sambucus nigra, larch arabinogalactan, Astragalus membranaceous, Baptisia tinctoria, Allium sativa, Panax quinquefolium, Eleutherococcus senticosus, Andrographis paniculata, olive leaf extract, and Isatis tinctoria) and nutritional considerations (vitamins A and C, zinc, high lactoferrin whey protein, N-acetylcysteine, and DHEA) that may help in the prevention and treatment of these conditions.4)

Inhibitory effects of Astragalus membranaceus on herpes simplex virus type 1(HSV-1)5)

Elderberry extract seems to offer an efficient, safe and cost-effective treatment for influenza.6)

Effect of concentrated juice of elderberry (CJ-E) on the human influenza A virus (IFV).7)

Rubini elderberry liquid extract active against human pathogenic bacteria as well as influenza viruses. 8)

Differences in treatment time and dose of EF extract in infected cells with influenza virus have a marked effect on the efficacy of the herb.9)

A blend of Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Daucus carota, Syzygium aromaticum, Origanum vulgare EOs was antifungal to the six Candida strains tested10)

Essential oils (EOs) and some of their main compounds have demonstrated extensive antimicrobial activity in a wide range of food spoilage or pathogenic fungi, yeast and bacteria. (long: 25636749))

Lamiaceae is one of the most important herbal families, well known for various biological and medicinal effects of a variety of aromatic spices, including thyme, mint, oregano, basil, sage, savory, rosemary, self-heal, hyssop, lemon balm11)

The application of plant essential oils (EOs) (hyssop and marjoram) was evaluated for inactivation of non-enveloped viruses using murine norovirus and human adenovirus as models. No significant reduction of virus titres (TCID(50)) was observed12)

This work is the first study that demonstrated an antiviral activity of both olive twigs and DTBP.13)

Antiviral activity of olive leaf extract (OLE) preparations standardized by liquid chromatography-coupled mass spectrometry (LC-MS) against HIV-1 infection and replication.14)

Inhibition of the in vitroA technique of performing a given procedure in a controlled environment outside of a living organism - usually a laboratory. infectivity of the viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV), a salmonid rhabdovirus. 15)

Fresh, but not dried, ginger is effective against HRSV-induced plaque formation on airway epithelium by blocking viral attachment and internalization.16)

It is insinuated that ginger may have anti- Avian influenza virus H9N2 potential and its active compounds needs further investigations.17)

Among the plants tested, hibiscus showed the most prominent antiviral effects against both H5 HPAIV and LPAIV.18)

This article reviews the chemical composition, pharmacological properties, state of current research, clinical use, and potential antiviral and immunomodulating activity of these and other plants from the Peruvian Amazon.19)

in vitro antiherpetic activity of hydroethanolic extract from barks, purified fractions of quinovic acid glycosides and oxindole alkaloids was evaluated by plaque reduction assay, including mechanistic studies (virucidal, attachment and penetration action). Once exposure to physical agents might lead to reactivation of the herpetic infection, antimutagenic effect (pre-, simultaneous and post-treatment protocols) was also evaluated by Comet assay. 20)

We infected a human lineage of dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) with Dengue fever and treated it with an alkaloidal fraction from U. tomentosa bark (AFUT). We showed antiviral and immunomodulatory activities of U. tomentosa by determining the NS1 antigen and IL-8 in supernatant of DENV-2 infected HMEC-1.21)

Results show the strong apoptotic effects of pteropodine and uncarine F on acute leukaemic lymphoblasts22)

Inhibitors of EBV-EA promoted by TPA in vitro have been shown to be effective anti-tumor promoting agents in laboratory animal models, our results indicate new and potential applications of these herbal remedies as cancer chemopreventive agents since they are already in clinical use in the human population.23)

Fifteen crude drugs, Stellaria media Cyrill. (Caryophyllaceae), Calendula officinalis L. (Compositae), Achillea millefolium L. (Compositae), Verbascum thapsus L. (Scrophulariaceae), Plantago major L. (Plantaginaceae), Borago officinalis L. (Boraginaceae), Satureja hortensis L. (Labiatae), Coptis groenlandica Salisb. (Ranunculaceae), Cassia angustifolia Vahl. (Leguminosae), Origanum majorana L. (Labiatae), Centella asiatica L. (Umbelliferae), Caulophyllum thalictroides Mich. (Berberidaceae), Picea rubens Sargent. (Pinaceae), Rhamnus purshiana D.C. (Rhamnaceae) and Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (Malvaceae), which have been used as folk medicine in Canada, were evaluated for their anti-hepatoma activity on five human liver-cancer cell lines24)

Only glycoside 1 slightly reduced rhinovirus multiplication. All the compounds were able to inhibit vesicular stomatitis virus infection25)

The data obtained showed an inhibitory activity in the case of Phyllanthus orbicularis, as well as for the eucaliptus extract. With the guava extract, the activity was lower than in the 2 previous cases, whereas calendula did not show any inhibition to the assayed concentrations 26)

An inhibitory effect against VSV multiplication was observed for all the calendula compounds tested while HRV replication was significantly affected only by compound 3.27)

Upon evaluation of the cytotoxic activity against human cancer cell lines in vitro in the NCI Developmental Therapeutics Program, two triterpene glycosides, 9 and 10, exhibited their most potent cytotoxic effects against colon cancer, leukemia, and melanoma cells.28)

These results suggested that organic extract of flowers from Calendula officinalis possesses anti-HIV properties of therapeutic interest.29)

Antiviral properties of Calendula (in Russian)30)

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Notes and comments

A member of ours (SanDiegoJoy) originally “came down” with Sarcoidosis after anti-viral treatment for Hep-C. This is a note to self to look up any words in her posts that explains her experience.

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home/othertreatments/antivirals.1564797504.txt.gz · Last modified: 08.03.2019 by sallieq
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